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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the myosatellite cells in axial muscles of the sharkGaleus melastomus (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Myosatellite cells ; Shark ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The myosatellite cells in the axial muscles of the sharkGaleus melastomus is found more frequently in the red muscle fibers than in the white fibers. The total length of the cell extensions is about 100 μm. In about 20% of all cases, the extensions were present in pairs, and it is concluded that the satellite cell processes bifurcate. Processes towards the intercellular space and towards the interior of the muscle fiber are also described. The cytoplasm of the satellite cells contain glycogen, Golgi elements, lysosome-like vesicles, granular endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules. It is concluded that the morphology of the satellite cells indicates a more active function than that of a dormant reserve myoblast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317962
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and autoradiographic studies on the growth of red and white axial muscle fibres in the shark Etmopterus spinax (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Shark ; muscle ; growth ; Morphometry ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The axial muscle growth of the shark Etmopterus spinax has been studied by means of morphometry, slide histology and autoradiography from radioactive thymidine and amino acids. Comparisons have been made between the red and the white muscle fibres. While growing from 10 to 23 cm in length, the white muscle transverse sectional (ts) area increases 5.4 times, while the red area increases 3.7 times. The mean ts area of individual white fibres increases by 2.7, and the ts area of red fibres increases by 1.6. The number of white fibres does not increase significantly, while the red fibres increase slightly in number. Red fibres incorporate amino acids faster than the white fibres, and have a higher turnover rate. The myonuclei of the red fibres (satellite cell nuclei) incorporate thymidine more often than do those of white fibres, but the frequency of the satellite cells is simillar in the two fibre types. Mitoses are extremely rare in the myonuclei. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio is higher in the red than in the white fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315294
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general, computer-based method for study of the spatial distribution of muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Histochemistry ; Spatial distribution ; Computer simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present method provides detailed quantitative information on the spatial distribution of the muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle. This is accomplished by comparing the measured spatial distribution of the fiber types with a computer-simulated random pattern. The method is based on a registration of the absolute frequency for six principal categories of fiber contacts (I-I, I-IIA, I-IIB, IIA-IIA, IIA-IIB, IIB-IIB). A computer program was designed tosimulate a random pattern of fibers. The simulations were performed with high accuracy with regard to fiber type proportion and the number of neighbouring fibers. The computer then calculated the frequency for each of the different categories of fiber contacts in the simulated random pattern. The measured distribution of fiber contacts could thus be compared to the simulated random pattern. In three bovine muscles studied, the spatial distribution of the muscle fiber types showed a similar pattern. The muscle fibers had a distinct tendency to be surrounded by fibers of a different type. In all three muscles the difference between the measured and the simulated random pattern was statistically significant (p〈10-3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution patterns of muscle fibre types in major muscles of the bull (Bos taurus) (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 184 (1991), S. 441-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bovine ; Skeletal muscles ; Muscle fibre types ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The study describes the variations in distribution and cross-sectional area (fibre size) of three muscle fibre types (I, IIA, IIB) in 34 of the largest muscles of the bull (Bos taurus). The animals had been kept strictly unexercised for one year before slaughter. Representative sampling was done at 15 positions within each muscle, and from 2700 to 4500 fibres were analysed in each muscle. Different intermuscular patterns are described. The overall volume fraction (%) of type I fibres was about 10% higher in the forepart muscles than in the hindpart muscles (41% and 31%, respectively), while the mean content of type IIB fibres was similar. Type I fibres were particularly abundant in antigravity muscles. Of these, the hindlimb muscles contained 50% more type I fibres (by weight) than those of the forelimb. Typical antigravity antagonists contained very few type I fibres. In the thigh cross-section the proportion of type I fibres was highest in the anterior and medial parts, while the IIB fibres tended to be concentrated in the superficial and posterior parts. Intramuscular patterns were revealed, with type I fibres becoming gradually more abundant from superficial to deep regions, while IIB fibres had an opposite distribution. This was particularly evident in the thigh proper and in the scapular region. Within each fasciculus of all the muscles, the I fibres in the muscles of the forepart were on average about 15% larger than those of the muscles in the hindpart. The IIB fibres were on average about 10% larger in the hindpart than in the forepart muscles. A covariation between the proportion of type I and IIB fibres and their cross-sectional area was indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236050
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibre types in locomotory muscles of the cartilaginous fish Chimaera monstrosa (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 12 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cartilaginous fish Chimaera monstrosa swims slowly by means of pectoral fin movements, and fast by undulations of the tail. In order to compare the fibres in the corresponding muscles, they were studied by histochemistry and electron microscopy. Three fibre types were identified by microphotometry and morphometry. Most of the axial muscles are white fibres, containing little mitochondria and glycogen. Red fibres, with glycogen and about 5 % mitochondria constitute a thin sheet in the axial muscles, composed of one fibre layer only. Pink fibres, with intermediate amounts of glycogen and mitochondria are situated between these two types, but are often not covered by red fibres. Pectoral muscles contain numerous red and intermediate fibres, partially mixed, superficially, and white fibres deeper. Pectoral muscle red fibres contain about 25 % mitochondria, half of which are situated in subsarcolemmal accummulations. The sarcotubular system has T-tubules at the Z discs, and the terminal cisternae are partially divided by regularly spaced clefts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04171.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LDH isoenzymes in the axial muscle of the sharks Galeus melastomus and Etmopterus spinax (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 12 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns have been studied in the axial muscles of the sharks Etmopterus and Galeus. Samples from red, intermediate and white muscle fibres were run separately on a polyacrylamide slab-gel. Both sharks have three isoenzymes; all three are present in the red and intermediate fibres, while the white fibres contain only the two slowest-moving isoenzymes. The red fibres of both sharks contain most of the fastest-moving isoenzyme.The isoenzymes have a high tolerance towards urea; the slow moving isoenzyme is inhibited at about 2 m urea, the next isoenzyme at 4-6 M urea, and some activity of the fast-moving isoenzyme is still present at 10 M urea in the incubation medium. The LDH distribution in the fibre types is studied by histochemistry on frozen sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04149.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLYDISPERSITY AND BIOCHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY OF RAT LIVER PEROXISOMES INDUCED BY CLOFIBRATE: A MODEL FOR STUDYING PEROXISOMAL BIOGENESIS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 386 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb21451.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pinealectomy induces malformation of the spine and reduces the mechanical strength of the vertebrae in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 36 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  This study describes the long-term effects of surgical ablation of the pineal gland on the spine of 3-yr-old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with a mean weight of 3.2 kg. Radiographic examinations showed that 82% of the pinealectomized fish developed marked lateral (scoliosis) and dorso-ventral spinal curvatures. The proportions of the individual vertebral bodies and their mechanical properties were also altered. The stiffness, yield limit and resilience of the vertebral bodies, as measured by compression in the cranio-caudal direction, were significantly lower in the pinealectomized than in the sham-pinealectomized group. Calcium, phosphorous and total mineral content of the vertebral bodies were also significantly lower in the pinealectomized fish, while these parameters were similar in scales in the two groups. Alterations of the spinal curve accompanied by changes in the proportions, mechanical strength and mineral content of the vertebral bodies of the pinealectomized salmon indicate that melatonin has several functions related to vertebral bone growth. As the lesions found in salmon are similar to the spinal malformations observed in avian species and mammals after pinealectomy, this study strengthens the hypothesis of a phylogenetically conserved function of the pineal gland related to skeletal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-079X.2003.00109.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autotomy in a polychaete: Abscission zone at the base of the tentacular crown of Sabella penicillus (1980)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 96 (1980), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Under various circumstances the tentacular crown of some sabellid polychaetes becomes detached from the body. Separation occurs always at a preestablished zone of abscission at the base of the crown. We used electron microscopy to study the abscission zone of Sabella penicillus, both in specimens whose crown was intact and in those whose crown had separated. The abscission zone is within the intermediate layer, between the crown skeleton and the body wall musculature, and only structures supported by the crown skeleton separate from the animal's body. Abscission involves a rupture of the paramyosin muscle cells which form bridges connecting extensions from the epimysium of the body wall musculature and from the cartilage matrix of the crown. After abscission the anterior and posterior ends of the cells remain in place on the crown and body respectively. Sabella penicillus appears able to control the loss of its tentacular crown, so this abscission is a kind of autotomy. Under some circumstances autotomy of the crown may permit escape or confer some surgical benefit to the animal. Using standard histology we found the same anatomical provision for crown abscission in a variety of sabellids. We conclude that differences in their capacities to autotomize the crown have a behavioral/physiological basis rather than an anatomical one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310075
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased concentration of hemoglobin, accumulation of lipid oxidation products and unchanged skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed low dietary vitamin E (1994)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 12 (1994), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: Atlantic salmon ; fish nutrition ; vitamin E deficiency ; α-tocopheryl ; hematology ; muscular degeneration ; red blood cells ; iron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry, initial weight 0.16 g, were fed a semipurified diet with 0, 15, 30, 60 or 120 mg dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg. After 24 weeks, the first two of these groups were extinct, and the fish receiving 30 mg/kg were clearly vitamin E deficient. Vitamin E deficient fish had low hemoglobin levels, characterized by a combination of reduced cellular hemoglobin concentration, red cell volume and red cell number, and an increased number and fraction of immature red blood cells. The hemoglobin concentration decreased over the decreasing range of experimental dl-ga-tocopheryl acetate levels. Therefore, even if 60 mg dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg gave good survival, this level was clearly physiologically suboptimal. Ceroid accumulated in the liver of fish fed 30 mg vitamin E/kg, and autofluorescent inclusions were found in the red blood cells of fish fed 30 and 60 mg vitamin E/kg. Degeneration of skeletal muscle was not observed in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004306
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