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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constant external work cycle exercise – the performance and metabolic effects of all-out and even-paced strategies (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 75 (1996), S. 22-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Constant work   ;   Muscle action speed   ;    Power-velocity relationship   ;   Pacing strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to establish whether the performance of an all-out sprint could be replicated and the metabolic responses moderated in two further trials involving pre-set constant average pedalling rates. A total of 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females) completed a 30-s high-speed maximal all-out effort on a cycle ergometer against an applied resistance equal to 7.5% of their body mass. On two further occasions the applied resistance was increased so that the external work of the all-out effort could be replicated by adopting a pre-determined constant average pedal rate. When the required pedal rate was within the range of 60–90 rev  ·  min−1 the subjects were able to maintain the rate for the full 30-s and so could replicate the external work of the all-out effort. They were unable to sustain a faster constant rate within the range of 97–150 rev  ·  min−1 for the full 30 s, resulting in ≈7% less external work being achieved (P 〈  0.05). A lower level of fatigue, reflected by less of a reduction in peak power output in a subsequent 6-s sprint (P 〈 0.05), arose as a result of similar work produced under constant paced conditions compared with the all-out effort. Also, post-exercise blood lactate, pH and ammonia were less disturbed (P 〈 0.05) following the paced trial compared with similar work produced in the all-out effort. A possible explanation for these findings is that there may be a partial sparing of some type II fibres as a consequence of an initial submaximal intensity of exercise during the paced trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050121
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hormonal responses to repetitive brief maximal exercise in humans (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Catecholamines ; Atrial natriuretic factor ; Cardiodilatin ; Calcitonin gene related peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The responses of nine men and nine women to brief repetitive maximal exercise have been studied. The exercise involved a 6-s sprint on a non-motorised treadmill repeated 10 times with 30 s recovery between each sprint. The total work done during the ten sprints was 37,693±3,956 J by the men and 26,555±4,589 J by the women (M 〉 F,P〈0.01). This difference in performance was not associated with higher blood lactate concentrations in the men (13.96± 1.70 mmol·−1) than the women (13.09±3.04 mmol·l−1). An 18-fold increase in plasma adrenaline (AD) occurred with the peak concentration observed after five sprints. The peak AD concentration in the men was larger than that seen in the women (9.2 +- 7.3 and 3.7 ± 2.4 nmol · l−1 respectively,P〈0.05). The maximum noradrenaline (NA) concentration occurred after ten sprints in the men (31.6±10.9 nmol·l−1) and after five sprints in the women (27.4 ± 20.8 nmol · l−1). Plasma cardiodilatin (CDN) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were elevated in response to the exercise. The peak ANP concentration occurred immediately postexercise and the response of the women (10.8 ± 4.5 pmol · l−1 was greater than that of the men (5.1 ± 2.6 pmol · l−1,P〈0.05). The peak CDN concentrations were 163 ± 61 pmol · l−1 for the women and 135 ± 61 pmol · l−1 for the men. No increases in calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were detected in response to the exercise. These results indicate differences between men and women in performance and hormonal responses. There was no evidence for a role of CGRP in the control of the cardiovascular system after brief intermittent maximal exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00846035
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropometric determination of thigh volumes and thigh forces following acute training of increasing intensity in adult men (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 72 (1996), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Ultrasonics ; Isometric contraction ; Lactates ; Rate of perceived exertion ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of submaximal training of increasing intensity on the rate of fatigue and on the anthropometry of the quadriceps muscle. A group of 24 middle-aged male subjects trained three times a week for 12 weeks at incremental exercise intensities which elicited 66%–83% of the maximal heart rate reserve; 11 male subjects acted as controls. A purpose-built, isometric chair with an adjustable force transducer ensured a standard posture for each subject during a 20 s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The muscle plus bone mass of the thigh was calculated from a previously validated anthropometric method reinforced by measurements derived from water displacement and ultrasonics. Training-induced submaximal relationships were assessed by means of two ergometer tests of progressive intensity. Following training, the subjects' blood lactate concentrations had decreased from 5.5 (SD 1.7) to 3.9 (SD 1.4) mmol·1−1 (P 〈 0.01) at the final exercise intensities. They increased thigh volumes from 10.7 (SD 1.7) to 11.0 (SD 1.7) 1 (P 〈 0.05) and thigh forces in 47.5% (P 〈 0.05) of the measurements. Heart rates and rates of perceived exertion were reduced (P 〈 0.01) following training; for the controls, all the above parameters remained constant. These results would seem to indicate that a submaximal type of training could enable a group of middle-aged men to increase the isometric forces of the thigh muscles by almost 50% when completing a MVC test following training. This suggests that this is a more suitable, safer form of maintaining and increasing maximal thigh forces for this, and older, age groups than specific isometric training alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242286
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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