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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rauwolfia Alkaloids.1 XLVIII. The Oxidative Demethylation and Rearrangement of Some Ajmaline Derivatives (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 86 (1964), S. 729-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01058a038
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rauwolfia Alkaloids. XLIII.1 A Facile Ring Closure of Deoxyajmalal-A to Deoxyajmaline (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 85 (1963), S. 475-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00887a025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Reduction of Aromatic Acids and Amides by Sodium in Liquid Ammonia (1959)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 81 (1959), S. 4278-4287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01525a042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal insulin infusion using programmable implantable devices (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Anti-insulin antibody ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; implantable pump ; intraperitoneal insulin therapy ; diabetes control ; hypoglycaemia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal insulin infusion using implantable devices in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients is promising since it improves diabetic control and decreases frequency of hypoglycaemia. However, preliminary data show a striking increase in plasma levels of anti-insulin antibodies with this therapy. In order to more precisely evaluate the immunogenicity and its consequences, anti-insulin antibody levels in 62 IDDM patients were assessed every 3 months during a 2-year period following pump implantation. At the same time, diabetes control was evaluated with HbA1c, mean blood glucose levels, standard deviation of the daily blood glucose levels and the frequency of low blood glucose (〈 3.58 mmol/l). Factors involved in antibody formation such as age, gender, HLA typing, and complement C4 alleles were also studied. After implantation, anti-insulin antibody levels increased significantly from 3.14 % (range 0–26 %) to 8.34 % (0–49 %) after 1 year and remained elevated. Patients were divided into two groups: responders able to show at least one antiinsulin antibody titre higher than 15 % and non-responders whose titres were always lower than 6 %. None of the factors studied was shown to statistically influence the anti-insulin antibody titres. Non-responders had significantly better metabolic results than the responders. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes decreased dramatically in both groups. Insulin requirements were comparable at time 0 and decreased initially in both groups. They remained low for the non-responders but returned to pre-implantation values for responders. Intraperitoneal insulin infusion led to a high immunogenetic response towards insulin in about half of the patients, leading to only moderately deleterious effects on metabolic control. Further studies are necessary to document other consequences (such as the role of circulating immune complexes). [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 577–584]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050322
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenicity of intraperitoneal insulin infusion using programmable implantable devices (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Anti-insulin antibody ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; implantable pump ; intraperitoneal insulin therapy ; diabetes control ; hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal insulin infusion using implantable devices in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients is promising since it improves diabetic control and decreases frequency of hypoglycaemia. However, preliminary data show a striking increase in plasma levels of anti-insulin antibodies with this therapy. In order to more precisely evaluate the immunogenicity and its consequences, anti-insulin antibody levels in 62 IDDM patients were assessed every 3 months during a 2-year period following pump implantation. At the same time, diabetes control was evaluated with HbA1c, mean blood glucose levels, standard deviation of the daily blood glucose levels and the frequency of low blood glucose (〈3.58 mmol/l). Factors involved in antibody formation such as age, gender, HLA typing, and complement C4 alleles were also studied. After implantation, anti-insulin antibody levels increased significantly from 3.14% (range 0–26%) to 8.34% (0–49%) after 1 year and remained elevated. Patients were divided into two groups: responders able to show at least one antiinsulin antibody titre higher than 15% and non-responders whose titres were always lower than 6%. None of the factors studied was shown to statistically influence the anti-insulin antibody titres. Non-responders had significantly better metabolic results than the responders. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes decreased dramatically in both groups. Insulin requirements were comparable at time 0 and decreased initially in both groups. They remained low for the non-responders but returned to pre-implantation values for responders. Intraperitoneal insulin infusion led to a high immunogenetic response towards insulin in about half of the patients, leading to only moderately deleterious effects on metabolic control. Further studies are necessary to document other consequences (such as the role of circulating immune complexes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism of MHC class III genes: definition of restriction fragment linkage groups and evidence for frequent deletions and duplications (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 79 (1988), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The loci for the complement proteins BF and C2 and the two loci for C4 are closely linked to one another, as are the duplicated steroid 21 hydroxylase (21-OHase) genes to the C4A and C4B loci. The alleles of these four loci occur in specific combinations termed “complotypes”. We have studied the gene frequencies of their different products in the Lebanese population and compared these values with those found in other populations. We observed a novel complotype (S B 4 6) in one family and a complotype with a so far undescribed variant of the C4A locus. Using several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), we have defined restriction fragment linkage groups. The combined use of C4 and 21-OHase probes allowed us to detect different types of deletions and duplications at these loci in the Lebanese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366239
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physico-chemical properties of chromosomal RNA in Chironomus tentans polytene chromosomes (1969)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 28 (1969), S. 379-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Labelled chromosomal RNA of the dipteran Chironomus tentans was studied with respect to its migration properties during electrophoresis in agarose. The RNA was isolated from polytene chromosomes which had been microdissected from fixed salivary glands and obtained free from nucleoli and nuclear sap. Labelled material migrates as 4–5 S RNA and as polydisperse material in a range where the lower limit corresponds to 10–15 S, the upper limit to 80–90 S RNA and the maximum in the distribution to 30–40 S RNA. The data indicate that the latter fractions are formed by unbroken, single-stranded RNA molecules, partly of very high molecular weights. It is shown in a number of tests that the distribution is not a consequence of formation of complexes or aggregates between RNA molecules on one hand and DNA, proteins or other RNA molecules on the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284256
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal RNA synthesis in polytene chromosomes of Chironomus tentans (1969)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 28 (1969), S. 399-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of heterogeneous RNA of high molecular weight has been demonstrated on the giant chromosomes, in the nuclear sap and in the cytoplasm of the salivary glands in Chironomus tentans. The kinetic properties of this heterogeneous RNA have also been outlined in some detail. — Salivary glands were incubated for different time intervals (20, 45 and 180 min) in haemolymph, supplemented with tritiated cytidine and uridine. The different cellular components were isolated by micromanipulation and RNA extracted with an SDS-pronase solution and analysed with electrophoresis in agarose. — Heterogeneous, high molecular weight RNA with a peak around 35 S was saturated with label on chromosome I, II and III in 45 min, although the synthetic capacity was unchanged during at least 180 min incubation. This indicated a complete turnover of heterogeneous RNA on the chromosomes in less than 45 min. The turnover time in the giant puffs (the so called Balbiani rings) on the fourth chromosome, was even shorter and estimated to less than 30 min. No shift in the electrophoretic pattern of this heterogeneous RNA was found to occur on the chromosomes during long incubation times or during actinomycin D experiments. These labelling characteristics of heterogeneous RNA on the chromosomes indicate that all the different molecules in the heterogeneous RNA have a similar and rapid turnover. A conversion to smaller, stable molecules was excluded. — Heterogeneous RNA of a distribution corresponding to that on the chromosomes was found in the nuclear sap and also in the cytoplasm. The activity in both these cellular compartments increased between 45 and 180 min incubation. The distribution pattern for high molecular weight RNA was in all experiments similar on the chromosomes, in the nuclear sap and in the cytoplasm. It appears that at least a considerable part of the high molecular weight RNA leaves the chromosomes to enter the nuclear sap and lateron to some extent the cytoplasm in this high molecular form. Stable molecules of smaller size (6–15 S) did not appear during 180 min incubation. The data indicate, however, also a substantial breakdown of heterogeneous RNA to acid soluble products during this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284257
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA synthesis in a Balbiani ring in Chironomus tentans salivary gland cells (1969)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 28 (1969), S. 418-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rapidly labelled RNA in Balbiani ring 2 on chromosome IV in the salivary glands of Chironomus tentans was investigated. This RNA is likely to be transcribed from only one chromosomal band, supposed to be a single operational unit in these polytenic cells (Beermann, 1966). Salivary glands were incubated in larval haemolymph, supplemented with tritiated RNA precursors and fixed afterwards. Balbiani rings 2 (in some experiments also Balbiani ring 1 and 3) were isolated with micromanipulation. The labelled RNA was extracted with SDS-pronase and analysed with electrophoresis in agarose. The rapidly labelled RNA in Balbiani ring 2 was as heterogeneous as RNA from the remainder of the chromosome set (10–90 S) but the peak of the distribution of label in BR 2 corresponded to molecules of about 50 S as compared to that of RNA from the rest of the chromosome set which was about 35 S. When the synthetic activity in Balbiani ring 2 was very high, relatively more molecules with very high molecular weights were produced compared with the state when the synthetic activity was moderate or low. The synthetic activity in Balbiani ring 2 compared to that in Balbiani ring 1 was well correlated to the relative sizes of the two Balbiani rings. The results on Balbiani ring 2 are discussed in relation to the size and structure of the chromomere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284258
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4 DEFICIENCIES AND GENE ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 20 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Deficiency of complement component C4 is considered playing a role in the genetic predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the genomic alterations of the C4 and CYP21 genes in 40 caucasoid patients with SLE by C4 allotyping and by RFLP analysis. Nineteen patients (47.5%) carried C4A null alleles and eight patients (20.0%) C4B null alleles. SLE patients had more frequent C4A null alleles (47.5%) than healthy individuals (20%) (X2= 10.75; P 〈 0.005). The commonest molecular alteration in the patients with C4A null alleles was a large gene deletion affecting both C4A and CYP21A genes. However, among the patients with C4A null alleles, 16.7% persons had no detectable C4A deletion. The non-expression of C4A gene might be due to defects at various levels of gene expression (i.e. transcription and translation).Among the patients with C4B null alleles, 62.5% persons had no detectable gene lesion, whereas 37.5% showed a C4B deletion including both C4B/CYP21A or C4B/CYP21B genes.Duplication of the C4B gene was not rare in SLE patients, as we found 15.0% of the patients with a heterozygous C4B/CY21A gene duplication. The patients typed as having C4B gene homoduplication (B1,1) demonstrated two long C4B loci, whereas heteroduplication (B1,2) displayed two short loci, therefore the type of C4B gene duplication may be related to the gene length.In conclusion, C4 deficiencies observed in 26 of the 40 SLE patients studied were very heterogeneous. In every case, the gene alteration affected both C4 and CYP21 genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1993.tb00091.x
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