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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 577-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; gastric emptying ; postprandial hyperglycaemia ; amylin ; pramlintide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study we have shown that an intravenous infusion of pramlintide (an analogue of human amylin) delayed gastric emptying, but the dose of pramlintide was supraphysiological in relation to the amylin response to food in non-diabetic subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the dose response relationship of subcutaneous injections of pramlintide on gastric emptying and to determine whether administration of the drug before one meal has an impact on the subsequent meal. Eleven men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied in a double-blind, randomised, four-way crossover design. None had autonomic neuropathy. Euglycaemia was maintained overnight before the study day. At −30 min the patients self-injected their usual morning insulin and at −15 min they injected the study drug (either placebo or 30, 60 or 90 μg pramlintide) subcutaneously. At 0 min they ate a standard meal consisting of a pancake, labelled with 99mTc, and a milkshake containing 3-ortho-methylglucose (3-OMG). Gastric emptying images were obtained for the next 8 h. At 240 min the subjects ate a similar meal, but on this occasion the pancake was labelled with 111In. All three doses of pramlintide delayed emptying of the solid component of the first meal (p 〈 0.004) with no significant difference between the drug doses. There were no differences between placebo and pramlintide after the second meal. All three doses of pramlintide resulted in a prolongation in the time to peak plasma 3-OMG level (p 〈 0.0001) after the first meal but there was no difference after the second meal. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 577–583]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050949
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenosine triphosphatase in nerves and ganglia of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes or galactosaemia; effects of aldose reductase inhibition (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adenosine triphosphatase ; aldose reductase ; diabetic neuropathies ; galactosaemia ; myo-inositol ; polyol pathway ; streptozotocin diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study measured the ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant adenosine triphosphatase activity in homogenates of the sciatic nerves and of pooled fourth and fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglia from rats fed 20% galactose or made diabetic with streptozotocin for either 4 or 8 weeks. Diabetes caused reductions in both fractions of sciatic nerve adenosine triphosphatase activity. After 8 weeks the ouabainsensitive fraction was 54% of control (p〈0.05) and the ouabain-resistant fraction was 57% of control (p〈0.05). Galactose feeding more than doubled the ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity in the sciatic nerve (225% of control after 4 weeks, 215% of control after 8 weeks of galactose feeding, bothp〈0.01) and produced a progressive increase in the ouabain-resistant fraction (119% of control at 4 weeks (p〈0.05) and 176% of control at 8 weeks (p〈0.01)). In a group of rats fed galactose for 5 days, sciatic nerve ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity was 165% of control. Treatment with the aldose-reductase inhibitors tolrestat, ponalrestat or sorbinil prevented accumulation of polyol and depletion of myo-inositol in the sciatic nerves, indicating effective inhibition of aldose reductase. These drugs prevented completely the effect of galactose on the sciatic nerve adenosine triphosphatase activity, but had no significant effect on the reduction in adenosine triphosphatase activity in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. In the dorsal root ganglia galactose feeding had no measurable effect on the adenosine triphosphatase activity. Diabetes caused a modest numerical reduction in the ouabain-sensitive activity only. The findings indicate markedly different effects of diabetes and galactosaemia on the adenosine triphosphatase activity in rat sciatic nerve and show that the reduction in activity seen in the nerves of diabetic rats was not related to exaggerated polyol pathway flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02341507
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opposite effects of diabetes and galactosaemia on adenosine triphosphatase activity in rat nervous tissue (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 360-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: adenosine triphosphatase ; diabetic neuropathies ; galactosaemia ; myo-inositol ; polyol pathway ; streptozotocindiabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study measured the ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity in sciatic nerve, lumbar dorsal root ganglia and superior cervical ganglia from control rats, rats with 8 weeks streptozotocin-induced diabetes and rats fed a diet containing 20% galactose for 8 weeks. Whilst the sciatic nerves of the diabetic rats showed a 42% reduction in ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity, the galactose-fed rats showed an increase of 124% (p〈0.01 and p〈0.005, respectively, compared to controls). There was also a reduction (by 30% compared to controls; p〈0.05) in the ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity of the dorsal root ganglia from the diabetic rats, but their superior cervical ganglia did not show a significant fall. The ganglia of the galactosaemic rats showed no change in ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase activity compared to controls. These changes coexisted with increases in appropriate polyol pathway metabolites in all tissues of both diabetic and galactosaemic rats. There were also depletions of myo-inositol in the sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglia of diabetic and galactosaemic rats, but their superior cervical ganglia contained levels of myo-inositol which were similar to those of controls. The nerves of the galactosaemic rats showed increased water content; the nerves of the diabetic rats did not. The data argue against a simple relationship between myoinositol depletion and impaired Na/K adenosine triphosphatase activity in association with exaggerated polyol pathway flux in peripheral nervous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299031
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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