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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and cellular targets of anti-IgE antibodies (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was the last of the immunoglobulins discovered. It is present in very low amounts (nano- to micro-gram per ml range) in the serum of normal healthy individuals and normal laboratory mouse strains and has a very short half-life. This contrasts with the other immunoglobulin classes, which are present in much higher concentrations (micro- to milligram per ml range) and form a substantial component of serum proteins. Immunoglobulins play a role in homeostatic mechanisms and they represent the humoral arm of defence against pathogenic organisms. Since IgE antibodies play a key role in allergic disorders, a number of approaches to inhibit IgE antibody production are currently being explored. In the recent past the use of nonanaphylactic, humanized anti-IgE antibodies became a new therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases. The therapeutic rational beyond the idea derives from the ability of the anti-IgE antibodies to bind to the same domains on the IgE molecule that interact with the high-affinity IgE receptor, thereby interfering with the binding of IgE to this receptor without cross-linking the IgE on the receptor (nonanaphylactic anti-IgE antibodies). Treatment with anti-IgE antibodies leads primarily to a decrease in serum IgE levels. As a consequence thereof, the number of high-affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils decreases, leading to a lower excitability of the effector cells reducing the release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Experimental studies in mice indicate that injection of some monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies also inhibited IgE production in vivo. The biological mechanism behind this reduction remains speculative. A possible explanation may be that these antibodies can also interact with membrane bound IgE on B cells, which could interfere the IgE production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00832.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early detection of metastasis by alterations in the cellular immune system in the murine liver and blood (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 428 (1996), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cellular immune system ; Liver ; Blood ; Lewis lung carcinoma ; Liver metastases ; Tumour necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the reaction of the cellular immune system of liver and blood in the C57BL/6 mouse to a metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The cellular immune system of the liver consists of mature and immature macrophages, B-cells, T-cells including their subpopulations, and natural killer cells, and their percentage frequencies differ significantly from those in the corresponding mononuclear blood cell (MBC) compartment. This suggests that the hepatic immune cells represent a system with autonomous function showing a typical homing of its members. Imminent metastasis to the liver is signalled by impressive alterations in the percentage frequencies of nonparenchymal liver cells (NPLC). There are a dramatic loss of mature macrophages, an increase in immature macrophages, a reduction of T-helper cells leading to a low CD4/CD8 ratio, and an increase in natural killer cells. In the blood, the corresponding precursor cells show comparable changes with a delay of at least 2 days. Early metastasis is accompanied by a significant increase in mononuclear NPLC producing tumour necrosis factor α. The alterations in percentage frequencies of the NPLC during tumour metastasis differ markedly from the changes in these cells in the liver during endotoxinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200661
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lobar pneumonia: An ultrasound diagnosis (1993)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 23 (1993), S. 561-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrasound was used to examine a 5-year-old girl with radiographic evidence of right upper lobe consolidation. The specific ultrasonic features of uncomplicated lobar pneumonia excluded other causes of consolidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012153
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