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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Cerebellar Cortex ; Paraneoplastic Disease ; Granular Layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A loss of cells in the cerebellar cortex of autopsy subjects without previous neurologic symptomatology having died with carcinoma has been shown with classical morphometric procedures and automatic measuring techniques. The reduction of the number of Purkinje cells was an overall finding, whereas the loss of granular cells was restricted to a few types of carcinomas. In ovarian carcinoma the Purkinje cell and granular cell loss was most pronounced and their respective values were within the range of systemic cerebellar atrophies. These findings are likely to constitute clinically latent and biologically compensated precursor stages wich under certain conditions go on to a subsequent overt paraneoplastic syndrom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 386 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 389 (1980), S. 225-240 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Homology ; Morphometry ; Symbolic logic ; Organelle pathology ; Glycogenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The process of quantification has led pathology into an objective and abstract direction to which it is unaccustomed. The introduction of the concept of homology in pathology by Doerr has proven to be very fruitful, since it has helped to clarify otherwise poorly understood relationships. As shown in the foregoing paper, the succes of the homology concept applies also to quantitative organelle pathology. Homologies have demonstrated relationships within the ergastoplasmic — mitochondrial — peroxisomal system which are apparent only with the help of symbolic logic. These homologies permit inferences, shown here with the example of glycogenosis type I, regarding the adaptive potential of the cell and the degree of cellular damage. In addition, these homologies, which are described in terms of formal logic, may serve as a model for human pathologic anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cellular immune system ; Liver ; Blood ; Lewis lung carcinoma ; Liver metastases ; Tumour necrosis factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the reaction of the cellular immune system of liver and blood in the C57BL/6 mouse to a metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma. The cellular immune system of the liver consists of mature and immature macrophages, B-cells, T-cells including their subpopulations, and natural killer cells, and their percentage frequencies differ significantly from those in the corresponding mononuclear blood cell (MBC) compartment. This suggests that the hepatic immune cells represent a system with autonomous function showing a typical homing of its members. Imminent metastasis to the liver is signalled by impressive alterations in the percentage frequencies of nonparenchymal liver cells (NPLC). There are a dramatic loss of mature macrophages, an increase in immature macrophages, a reduction of T-helper cells leading to a low CD4/CD8 ratio, and an increase in natural killer cells. In the blood, the corresponding precursor cells show comparable changes with a delay of at least 2 days. Early metastasis is accompanied by a significant increase in mononuclear NPLC producing tumour necrosis factor α. The alterations in percentage frequencies of the NPLC during tumour metastasis differ markedly from the changes in these cells in the liver during endotoxinaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 215 (1977), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cochlear spiral ganglion ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Influence of different fixation buffers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of two fixation buffers on the quantitative cytoarchitecture of the cochlear spiral ganglion in guinea pigs was evaluated morphometrically. After fixation with phosphate buffered 1.3% OsO4 granular spiral ganglion cells lost 45% of their average individual volume as compared to the volume after fixation with s-collidine buffered 1.3% OsO4. Using the two fixatives there was no significant difference of the volume proportion of cell nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum per unit volume cytoplasm of the granular spiral ganglion cells. The volume proportion of their ribosomes and their Golgi apparatus per unit volume cytoplasm doubled, the surface of the Golgi apparatus per unit volume cytoplasm increased 3.5fold after fixation with phosphate buffered OsO4. The volume density of the granular ganglion cells decreased by 30%, the volume density of the interganglionar space (= space between granular ganglion cells) showed an increase of 50% using phosphate buffer. Mostly the extracellular space was participating in this relative increase of the interganglionar space. As a result fixation of the spiral ganglion for morphometric studies should be performed using s-collidine buffered OsO4. The morphometric findings underline the presumption of semicompact myelin being a fixation artefact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Ankle Joint ; Posttraumatic Arthrosis ; Biomechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 354 oberen Sprunggelenken (317 Fälle mit Malleolarfrakturen) wurde das Profil der Talusrolle, d. h. ihre Konkavität, durch Bestimmung des sog. Talusprofilquotienten an Hand von Röntgenbildern ermittelt. Der Talusprofilquotient berechnet sich aus dem Verhältnis zwischen dem Querdurchmesser der Talusrolle und der Tiefe der Führungsmulde. Die Korrelation des Talusprofilquotienten mit Alter, Geschlecht und Heilungsverlauf nach Malleolarfrakturen zeigte folgende Beobachtungen: 1. Jüngere Menschen haben ein konkaveres Talusprofil als ältere. 2. Eine posttraumatische Arthrosis deformans wird am häufigsten bei Patienten mit konkavem Talusprofil beobachtet. 3. Die Gelenkkontaktfläche wird nach Fragmentdislokationen bei konkavem Talusprofil bedeutend stärker verkleinert als bei flachen Talusrollen. Die individuelle Talusform beeinflußt somit nach Malleolarfrakturen die Gelenkmechanik im oberen Sprunggelenk wesentlich. Die Eigentümlichkeit des oberen Sprunggelenkes als funktionelles Scharniergelenk besteht in seiner zusätzlichen Rotationsbewegung, in seiner Tendenz zur Valgusstellung und der großen Gewichtsbelastung. Besonders im Fall von jungen Patienten mit meist konkavem Talusprofil werden Fragmentfehlstellungen im oberen Sprunggelenk weniger toleriert.
    Notes: Summary The profile of the talar trochlea, i.e. its concavity, was measured in the case of 354 ankle joints (317 cases with malleolar fractures) by means of radiographic determination of the so-called talar profile quotient. The talar profile quotient is calculated from the ratio of the transverse diameter of the talar trochlea to the height of the articular groove. Correlation of the talar profile quotient with age, sex and the healing process after malleolar fractures showed the following observations: 1. The talar trochlea of younger people is more concave than the one of older people. 2. Posttraumatic arthrosis deformans is most frequently observed with patients whose talar profile is concave. 3. After fragment dislocations, the articular contact area is reduced much more in the case of concave talar profiles than in the case of plane ones. Consequently, after malleolar fractures the joint mechanics of the ankle joint are considerably influenced by the individual shape of the talus. Characteristics of the ankle joint as functional hinge joint are: an additional rotating movement, a tendency towards valgus position and an extreme weight load. As a consequence, fragment dislocations are not tolerated by the ankle joint, especially in the case of younger patients whose talar profile is usually concave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 333 (1973), S. 91-107 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Ankle Joint ; Morphometry ; Split-Line Pattern ; Posttraumatic Arthrosis ; Articular Cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 26 menschliche Talusrollen wurden morphometrisch und funktionell analysiert, wobei das vorhandene Material in ein juveniles, ein adultes und ein seniles Kollektiv aufgeteilt wurde. Dabei ergaben sich folgende Beobachtungen: 1. Die einzelnen Knorpelabschnitte der Talusrolle weisen, mit Ausnahme des Cytoplasmaanteils in der tiefen Gelenkknorpelschicht erheblich altersbedingte Veränderungen auf. 2. Die Anzahl der Chondroeyten/Flächeneinheit ist beim juvenilen Kollektiv generell doppelt so groß wie beim adulten und senilen. 3. Der Cytoplasmaanteil der Chondrocyten/Flächeneinheit im oberflächlichen Knorpelgewebe ist beim juvenilen Kollektiv im dorsalen und ventralen Bereich der Talusrolle am größten, beim adulten Kollektiv hingegen im dorsomedialen und beim senilen im dorsalen Bereich. Die tiefen Gelenkknorpelschichten weisen weder bezüglich Alter, noch bezüglich Lokalisation, unterschiedliche Cytoplasmaanteile auf. 4. Die Einzelzellfläche der Knorpelzelle ist beim juvenilen Kollektiv in der oberflächlichen Knorpelschicht aller Gelenkbereiche halb so groß, wie beim adulten. 5. Der Gelenkknorpel der Talusrolle ist beim juvenilen Kollektiv im dorsalen, beim adulten und senilen in den medialen und lateralen Gelenkbezirken am dicksten. 6. Im Spaltlinienmuster der Talusoberfläche zeichnen sich im ventrolateralen und im ventromedialen Gelenkbezirk Druckmaxima ab. Im Bereich der Führungsrinne liegt ventral ein Druckminimum, dorsal hingegen ein Druckmaximum. Diesen Befunden zufolge scheint mit dem 30. Lebensjahr die morphologische Umgestaltung des Knorpelgewebes abgeschlossen zu sein. Die Zunahme der Zellgröße im dorsalen Gelenkbezirk der Talusrolle wird auf eine vermehrte funktionelle Beanspruchung zurückgeführt, was durch das Druckmaximum in diesem Bereich bestätigt wird. Die Zellzahl und die Knorpeldicke verhalten sich umgekehrt proportional.
    Notes: Summary Cartilage tissue from four different areas of the articular surface of the talar trochlea was analysed by light microscopic morphometry in the case of a juvenile collective (7 years of age), an adult one (30 years of age) and a senile one (80 years of age). The following observations were impressive: 1. With the exception of the cytoplasm fraction in the deep layer of the articular cartilage, the cartilage of the talar trochlea shows considerable changes due to age. 2. The juvenile collective shows double the number of chondrocytes per unit area as compared with the adult and the senile collectives. 3. In the case of the juvenile collective, the cytoplasm fraction of chondrocytes per unit area in the superficial layer of the articular cartilage reaches the highest values in the dorsal and ventral areas of the talar trochlea. The adult collective, however, shows maximum values in the dorsomedial area and the senile collective in the dorsal area. The deep layers of the articular cartilage do not show different cytoplasm fractions with regard to age or localisation. 4. The cellular single area of the juvenile cartilage in the superficial layer of all articular areas is half as large as that of the adult cartilage. 5. In the case of the juvenile collective, the thickness of the articular cartilage of the talar trochlea reaches maximum values in the dorsal area; in the case of the adult and senile collectives, in the medial and lateral areas. 6. In the split-line pattern of the trochlear surface compressive strain is evident in the ventrolateral and ventromedial articular areas. In the ventral area of the trough-line guide minimum pressure is observed; however, in the dorsal area there is maximum pressure. According to these findings the morphological transformation of the cartilage tissue seems to have come to an end as soon as the 30th year of life is reached. The increase of the cell size in the dorsal articular area of the talar trochlea is attributed to the intensified functional strain. This assumption is confirmed by maximum pressure in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 328 (1971), S. 258-271 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Ankle joint ; Model fracture ; Joint incongruence ; Arthrosis deformans ; Fragment dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zum Studium der Gelenkmechanik nach Knöchelfrakturen wird ein Versuchsmodell beschrieben, das eine systematische Dislokation des distalen Fibulafragmentes erlaubt: An einem frisch präparierten Sprunggelenk wird die Fibula in einen Kunstharzblock eingebettet und auf Höhe des Gelenkspaltes durchsägt. An Hand zweier Winkelplatten läßt sich die Diskontinuität der Fibula (= Modellfraktur) beheben. Gleichzeitig kann das distale Fibulafragment in verschiedenen Fehlstellungen fixiert werden. Die dabei auftretenden Gelenkinkongruenzen lassen sich mit einem besonderen Verfahren, der sog. Tuschiermethode, erfassen und quantitativ auswerten. Folgende Beobachtungen wurden gemacht 1. Bereits kleine Fragmentfehlstellungen des Außenknöchels (1 bis 2 mm) reduzieren den Gelenkkontakt um 30 %. 2. Kleine Fragmentfehlstellungen nach lateral resp. medial (1 mm) und durch Valgus- resp. Varusknickung (1°) reduzieren den Gelenkkontakt um mehr als 50 %. Diese Befunde zeigen, wie sich bereits kleine, jedoch häufig vernachlässigte Fehlstellungen des Knöchelfragmentes auf die Gelenkmechanik auswirken. 3. Der Gelenkkontakt wird unabhängig vom Dislokationsmechanismus im dorso-lateralen Bereich der Talusrolle am meisten reduziert. Dieser unphysiologisch belastete Bereich der Talusrolle ist auch im normalen Bewegungsablauf mechanisch exponiert. Die Reduktion des Gelenkkontaktes führt zu lokalen Knorpelüberlastungen und folglich zu einer Schädigung des Gelenkknorpels, wodurch die Entwicklung einer sekundären Arthrose eingeleitet wird.
    Notes: Summary For the study of the mechanics of the ankle joint in man a testing model is described which renders possible systematic dislocations of the distal fibula fragment: The fibula of a freshly prepared ankle joint is embedded in a resin block and sawn through at the level of the articular space. Two rectangular plates safeguard the continuity of the fibula ( = model fracture). At the same time it is possible to fix the distal fibula fragment in various false positions. The appearing joint incongruences can be recorded by means of a special procedure, the so-called touching-method (“Tuschiermethode”), and be measured quantitatively. The test showed the following observations: (1) Even slight dislocations of fragments of the lateral malleolus (1 to 2 mm) reduce the joint contact area by 30%. (2) Slight lateralisation or medialisation (1 mm), valgus or varus position (1°) reduces the joint contact area by more than 50%. These findings show the considerable influence of slight dislocations of the fibula fragment, neglected in many cases, on the joint mechanics. (3) Independent of the dislocation mechanism, maximum reduction of the joint contact area takes place in the dorso-lateral part of the talar trochlea. This area of the talar trochlea, exposed to an unphysiological load, is subject to mechanical stress also in normal walking-processes. The reduction of the joint contact area leads to local overstrain on the joint cartilage and, consequently, to structural lesion. In this way, the development of a posttraumatic arthrosis deformans is introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 80 (1973), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach 3 tägiger Bleomycinverabreichung (je 2,5 mg/100 g Körpergewicht) wurden mit Hilfe der Morphometrie an der Leberparenchymzelle von Wistarratten folgende Veränderungen festgestellt: 1. Das rauhe endoplasmatische Reticulum weist teilweise dilatierte und teilweise vesiculierte Abschnitte auf und büßt ein Drittel sowohl seines Kompartimentvolumens als auch seiner Membranoberfläche ein. Demzufolge beeinträchtigt Bleomycin die hepatocelluläre Syntheseleistung. 2. Die freien (d. h. nicht membrangebundenen) Ribosomen nehmen im Einheitsvolumen Cytoplasma beträchtlich zu und sind häufig zu semizirkulären und spiralförmigen Polysemen angeordnet, was als Ausdruck einer strukturellen und funktionellen Anpassungsreaktion gedeutet wird. 3. Das hepatocelluläre Chondriom wird durch eine kleinere Anzahl vergrößerter Mitochondrion ohne Veränderung ihres Volumenanteils am Einheitsvolumen Cytoplasma quantitativ umgegliedert, so daß auch im energetisch aktiven Kompartiment eine Anpassungsreaktion erfolgt.
    Notes: Summary Following 3 days of bleomycine administration (2.5 mg/100g body weigth), the following morphometric changes in Wistar rat hepatocytes were determined: 1. The rough endoplasmic reticulum showed partially dilated and partially vesiculated sectors. There was a 33% decrease of both hepatocytic compartimental volume and membrane surface area. Hence, bleomycine has directly impaired the synthesizing efficiency of the liver cells. 2. The free i.e. non-membrane attached ribosomes assume a considerably larger proportion of the cytoplasmic unit volume; they are frequently arranged in semi-circular and spiral-shapped polysomes. This latter finding may be interpreted as structural and functional adaptive reactions. 3. A quantitative reshuffling of hepatocytic chondriomes has been induced by a rather small number of enlarged mitochondria. There has, however, been no change in the volume fraction of the cytoplasmic unit volume. Therefore, an adaptive reaction has also transpired in the energetic-active compartiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 389-396 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key wordsp53 ; Head and neck cancer ; Tumour recurrence ; Second primary malignancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the tumour-suppressor gene p53 in the tumorigenesis of head and neck cancer has been well established, but the clinical significance of p53 alteration is still unclear. A group of 50 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were investigated for p53 alterations. DNA was extracted from fresh tumour samples and polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to detect p53 gene mutations in the region from exon 5 to exon 9. In addition, p53 protein overexpression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody DO-7 on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. p53 gene mutations were found in 45% and p53 protein expression was detected in 61.2% of tumour samples. While p53 protein expression was not correlated with any clinical factors, p53 gene mutations indicated local regional recurrences of HNSCC. The risk of locoregional recurrence was significantly greater in patients with a p53 gene mutation than in patients with the wild-type p53 gene (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed p53 gene mutation to be an independently predictive factor for the tumour recurrence (P = 0.0064). When we analysed p53 gene mutation in 12 patients with primary and recurrent tumours, we found that 4 patients (33.3%) had a different p53 gene mutation in the recurrent tumour from that in the original primary tumour. The results indicate that p53 gene mutations and not protein overexpression are valuable predictors for tumour recurrences and for differential diagnosis of a second primary HNSCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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