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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of ethanol from dilute glucose solutions A technical-economic evaluation of various refining alternatives (1996)
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 15 (1996), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In order for ethanol to be competitive with gasoline, the production cost of ethanol must be lower than it is today. One economically crucial step in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosics is refining, since hydrolysis yields dilute glucose solutions which, after fermentation, result in a dilute ethanol solution, 2–3 wt-% ethanol. A technical-economic investigation of various energy-saving alternatives to conventional distillation has been performed. The energy-saving techniques investigated were: multi-column distillation, distillation with mechanical vapour recompression, distillation with an absorption heat transformer, phase separation with potassium carbonate and extraction of ethanol from the fermentation broth with Aldol 85. The most economical refining step for the production of ethanol from a dilute glucose solution, around 5 wt-%, was found to be multicolumn distillation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369615
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and its metabolite α-OH-metoprolol in healthy, non-smoking, elderly individuals (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; age ; disposition ; elderly subjects ; kinetics ; metabolism ; alpha-OH-metoprolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption and disposition of metoprolol have been evaluated in 10 healthy, non-smoking, elderly individuals (mean age 73.1 years) by simultaneous determination of [3H]-metoprolol and unlabelled metoprolol. The labelled drug was given as an intravenous tracer dose, immediately followed by oral metoprolol 25 mg. The experiment was preceded by administration of metoprolol 25 mg b.i.d. for 3 days. The volume of distribution, elimination half-life and total body clearance were almost the same as previously observed in healthy, young subjects. The mean systemic availability was about 39% in the elderly, which is lower than the mean of 55% observed in a control group of young volunteers who received 50 mg b.i.d. In the elderly, the mean plasma concentration of α-OH-metoprolol was about twice as high as that of the parent drug, whereas the opposite was true of the control group. The results indicate that age-related physiological changes have a negligible effect on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in healthy, elderly, non-smoking individuals after a single dose and two weeks of treatment (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; pharmacokinetics ; age effect ; repeated doses ; pre-systemic elimination ; total body clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term treatment on the absorption and dispsoition of metoprolol has been evaluated in 8 healthy, non-smoking, elderly individuals (mean age 74.5 years) and in a control group of 8 healthy, young individuals. Two trace doses of [3H]metoprolol were given i.v., first concomitantly with a single oral 50 mg dose of cold metoprolol, and second, with the morning dose after 2 weeks of treatment with 50 mg b.d. In the elderly, the mean AUC increased by about 45% (p〈0.05) over the treatment period, while in the control group the mean AUC was 18% greater (p〈0.05) on Day 14 than on Day 1. In the elderly, changes both in pre-systemic elimination and in total body clearance accounted for the elevation of the AUC, whereas reduced first-pass effect appeared to be the major cause of the increased steady-state plasma level in the control group. With the exception of the volume term, V β , the pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly different between the elderly and the young individuals. For this reason, almost identical steady-state plasma levels were attained in the two groups. The results suggest that age-related physiological changes may have some minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, and also that the changes do not lead to significantly altered plasma concentrations compared to those in young individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ab initio calculations of transition probabilities and potential curves of SiH (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 5018-5026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete active space SCF (CASSCF) method has been used to calculate the SiH A 2Δ–X 2Π electronic transition moment curve. The radiative lifetime deduced for v'=0 on basis of this transition moment curve and averaged over a number of rotational levels was 508 ns, which is in very good agreement with experimental results. The contracted CI (CCI) method was used to obtain the electronic potential functions of the A 2Δ and X 2Π states and the ground state electric dipole moment function. The dipole moment calculated at the equilibrium geometry (re=1.520 A(ring)), μe=0.123 D, is in excellent agreement with previous theoretical results. The ground state dissociation energies of SiH and CH were calculated with comparable basis sets in order to resolve a discrepancy regarding the SiH dissociation energy which prevails in the literature. The calculated dissociation energy D0(SiH)=3.00 supports the value obtained from observation of a predissociation in the B 2∑+ state of SiH, D0≤3.06 eV. Very recently this upper bound to the SiH dissociation energy also found support from a photoelectron spectroscopy experiment. The previously observed predissociation in the A 2Δ state, which suggested a 10% higher dissociation energy, is discussed in some detail and it is shown that the prior interpretation of this predissociation as an interaction between the A state and the ground state continuum is reasonable, but only yields an upper limit to the dissociation energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452673
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental and theoretical studies of the radiative properties of the N2+2 D 1Σ+u state (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 7501-7507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fluorescence lifetime of the v'=0 level of the N2+2 D 1 ∑+u electronic state has been measured, with the high frequency deflection technique, for the first time. The result, τ=6.0±0.5 ns, is in good agreement with a recent photoion–photon of fluorescence coincidence measurement which yields a lifetime, averaged over an unspecified number of vibrational levels, of 8±3 ns. The electronic transition moment function for the N2+2 D 1 ∑+u–X 1 ∑+g transition was calculated with nonorthogonal complete active space SCF wave functions. Potential energy curves for the X 1 ∑+g and D 1 ∑+u states were calculated with a multireference contracted CI treatment and these potential curves were used, together with the electronic transition moment function, to obtain vibrationally averaged transition moments and hence a theoretical radiative lifetime. The calculated lifetime, 8.0 ns, is in good agreement with the experimentally determined value indicating that the decay of D 1 ∑+u, v'=0 occurs primarily via fluorescence to the X 1 ∑+g state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454314
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociative recombination of D3O+ and H3O+: Absolute cross sections and branching ratios (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 1762-1770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dissociative recombination of the polyatomic ions D3O+ and H3O+ with electrons have been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING (Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University). Absolute cross sections have been determined from 0.001 eV to 0.25 eV center-of-mass energy for D3O+ and from 0.001 eV to 28 eV for H3O+. The cross sections are large (7.3×10−13 cm2 for D3O+ and 3.3×10−12 cm2 for H3O+ at 0.001 eV). At low energies, the cross sections for D3O+ are E−1 energy dependent whereas it is slightly steeper for H3O+. A similar E−1 energy dependence was also observed by Mul et al. [J. Phys. B 16, 3099 (1983)] with a merged electron-ion beam technique for both H3O+ and D3O+ and by Vejby-Christensen et al. [Astrophys. J. 483, 531 (1997)] with the ASTRID storage ring in Denmark, who presented relative cross sections for H3O+. A resonance has been observed around 11 eV for H3O+. It reflects an electron capture to Rydberg states converging to an excited ionic core. A similar structure was reported by Vejby-Christensen et al. Our absolute measurements are in fairly good agreement with those from Mul et al., which were first divided by 2 (Mitchell, 1999, private communication) and from Heppner et al. [Phys. Rev. A 13, 1000 (1976)] for H3O+. Thermal rates were deduced from the measured cross sections for electron temperatures ranging from 50 K to 30 000 K. At 300 K, the thermal rate is equal to 7.6×10−7 cm3 s−1 for H3O+ and to 3.5×10−7 cm3 s−1 for D3O+. Complete branching ratios for all the possible product channels have been determined from 0 eV to 0.005 eV center-of-mass energy for D3O+ and at 0 eV for H3O+, using a well-characterized transmission grid in front of an energy-sensitive surface-barrier detector. No isotope effect was observed within the experimental uncertainties. The three-body break-up channel OX+X+X (where X stands for H or D) is found to occur for 67%–70% of the dissociations. Water or heavy water is produced with an 18%–17% probability and the production of oxygen atoms is negligible. These results support the three-body break-up dominance already found by Vejby-Christensen et al. for the DR of H3O+ in a similar heavy-ion storage ring experiment. However, even if the general trend is the same for both storage rings, significant differences have been observed and will be discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytate Reduction in Oats during Malting (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To reduce phytate in oat products and thereby increase mineral bioavailability, optimal conditions for phytate degradation in oats were investigated. The effects of malting and incubation on phytate reduction in oats were determined and compared with phytate degradation in wheat, rye and barley. Studies of incubation temperatures showed an optimum for phytate reduction in oats between 37–40°C which differed from that in wheat (55°C). Malting of oats for 5 days at 11°C and subsequent incubation for 17 hr at 37–40°C reduced phytate by 98%. Addition of malted rye also reduced the phytate content of oats to low levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14340.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron-spin-resonance study of the interaction of manganous ions with enolase and its substrate
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 30 (1958), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0006-3002(58)90232-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipolysis, proteolysis and formation of volatile components during ripening of a fermented sausage with Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus xylosus as starter cultures
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Meat Science 38 (1994), S. 203-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0309-1740
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(94)90110-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the heat capacity due to submonolayers of absorbed ^3He
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 44 (1973), S. 159-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(73)90863-3
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