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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper introduces a “generic” model for interactive design of constructed facilities. The proposed methodology synthesizes structural problem parameters and conditions in terms of load environment, structural properties, and function of the structure into a hierarchy of possible failure modes. Design evaluations are made in terms of this behavior hierarchy. The user has a high degree of control over the design process and may move at will to any of the design tasks. The model provides a direct link between the system user and the design evaluations during the evaluation/design process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 7 (1991), S. 79-89 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the conceptual phase of structural design a designer develops and investigates many potential alternatives for safe and economic transfer of loads that are to be carried by the structure. A methodology for automating conceptual structural design is presented in this paper. Some of the salient aspects of the methodology are: (1) an explicit representation of the structural form, function, and behavior; (2) modeling the structural engineering domain as well as the strategy employed by expert designers; (3) usingcost/value ratio as an intrinsic measure of the merit of a design alternative; and (4) reduced reliance on heuristics with more emphasis on first principles and fundamental knowledge. The categories of knowledge that need to be represented in a computer system to support the reasoning for conceptual structural design are identified. The use of such knowledge is illustrated through examples based on several different types of structures. A constraint classification system (to organize the constraints that arise from structural and exogenous considerations) is also proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 9 (1993), S. 133-159 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Keywords: Conformance checking ; Design standards ; Object-logic model ; Representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract There are two distinct categories of knowledge in a design standard: (1) knowledge of the organization of design objects and (2) knowledge of the methods used in reasoning about the design objects. The object-oriented paradigm lends itself naturally to representing the organizational aspect of the design standard. The logic programming paradigm, on the other hand, is well suited to implementing the reasoning mechanisms for design and conformance checking. The object-oriented and logic programming paradigms are combined to provide a unified Object-Logic model for the representation of design codes and the processing of design standards. By storing the design provisions in a knowledge base, the model is capable of performing conformance checking and component design. To evaluate the feasibility and practicality of this model, a prototype system, HyperLRFD++, has been implemented for parts of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specification and tested on sample problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 2 (1987), S. 79-94 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Engineering modeling and design generally involve a large set of independent but interrelated data items. One way to organize and store these data items in a systematic and consistent manner is through the use of a database management system. The abstraction concepts of aggregation and generalization provide a powerful mechanism for organizing and structuring engineering data. The invariants required to maintain the abstract data model are examined in this paper. Integrity issues involved in the data representation of hierarchically structured engineering models, such as constructive solid geometry models, are discussed. Object-oriented programming concepts are used to implement a prototype integrity subsystem for enforcement of integrity constraints in the aggregation/generalization framework for modeling data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The function of the structural system in a building is to transfer gravity as well as lateral loads from their points of origin to the ground. Floor framing generation involves providing a path to transfer the gravity loads to the ground through various structural elements in an architectural plan while meeting the requirements imposed by other entities, such as the architect, the mechanical engineer, and the contractor, involved in the design/construct process. In this paper a formal approach for generating floor framing plans for steel office buildings is presented. We describe the knowledge and the reasoning behind a computer system, FFG (floor framing generator), which generates floor framing schemes for steel office buildings that are rectangular in plan and have a single service core. Constraints arising from structural as well as exogenous considerations are enumerated and their effect on framing schemes is identified. We also elaborate on the evaluation mechanism for ranking alternative schemes, in addition to providing details of the computer implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 6 (1990), S. 81-92 
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract To structure the development of an integrated building design environment, the global representation of the design data may best be organized in terms of hierarchies of objects. In structural engineering design we deal with large sets of independent but interrelated objects. These objects are specified by data. For an engineering design data base the system must be able to model the objects composing the design as well as to manage effectively the design data. The data base management system therefore needs to have some knowledge of the intended use of the data, and must provide an abstraction mechanism to represent and manipulate objects. Much recent research in engineering data bases focuses on object management for specific tasks but gives little attention to the shareability of the underlying information. This paper describes an architecture for the management of complex engineering objects in a sharable, relational framework. Potential application of this approach to object management for structural engineering analysis and design is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 891-911 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A two-step approach to finite element ordering is introduced. The scheme involves ordering of the finite elements first, based on their adjacency, followed by a local numbering of the nodal variables. The ordering of the elements is performed by the Cuthill-McKee algorithm. This approach takes into consideration the underlying structure of the finite element mesh, and may be regarded as a ‘natural’ finite element ordering scheme. The experimental results show that this two-step scheme is more efficient than the reverse Cuthill-McKee algorithm applied directly to the nodes, in terms of both execution time and the number of fill-in entries, particularly when higher order finite elements are used. In addition to its efficiency, the two-step approach increases modularity and flexibility in finite element programs, and possesses potential application to a number of finite element solution methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 2895-2919 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a parallel implementation of LDLT factorization on a distributed-memory parallel computer. Specifically, the parallel LDLT factorization procedure is based on a row-oriented sparse storage scheme. In addition, a strategy is proposed for the parallel solution of a triangular system of equations. The strategy is to compute the inverses of the dense principal diagonal block submatrices of the factor L, stored in a row-oriented structure. Experimental results for a number of finite element models are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the parallel solution schemes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2857-2883 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a new solution method for the modified eigenvalue problem with specific application to structural dynamic reanalysis is presented. The method, which is based on the block Lanczos algorithm, is developed for multiple low rank modifications to a system and calculates a few selected eigenpairs. Given the solution to the original system Ax = λx, procedures are developed for the modified standard eigenvalue Problem (A + ΔA)x̄ = λx̄, where 1ΔA = ΣjBSjBT, where Sj = SjT ∊ Rp × p, p ≪ n and B ∊ Rn × p is constant for all the perturbations Sj.2ΔA = ΣiΣj BiSjBiT, where Bi ∊ Rn × p may vary with the pertubations Sj.The procedures are then extended for the reciprocal and generalized eigenvalue problems so that they are directly applicable to the structural dynamic reanalysis problem. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applications of the method.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 37-63 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Structural reanalysis problems, such as in nonlinear finite element analysis or optimum design, involve progressive changes in the global stiffness matrix and its matrix factors. Although many studies have been devoted to the subject of matrix factor modification, most investigations have dealt with the problem separately from sparse matrix methods. This paper introduces a graph-theoretic model for the forward solution procedure which is applicable for identifying the modified entries of the matrix factors due to changes in the original matrix. Applications of this graph-theoretic model to existing refactorization methods are presented. The relation between substructuring and sparse matrix ordering strategies, and their effects on reanalysis are discussed. Modification of a sparse matrix associated with an n × n finite element grid ordered by the nested dissection scheme is analysed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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