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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 13 (1973), S. 173-185 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Apatite ; Whitlockite ; Amorphous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des études cristallographiques, spectroscopiques et chimiques ont permis de mettre en évidence deux types distincts de phosphate de calcium dans les tissus de patients, atteints de troubles rénaux chroniques. Les dépôts des calcifications périarticulaires sont des apatites contenant des carbonates, alors que ceux trouvés dans les tissus viscéraux calcifiés sont soit des micro-cristaux de whitlockite de magnésium ou un précurseur de ce composé. Les clichés de diffraction aux rayons X sont de type apatitique pour les calcifications tumorales et amorphe pour les calcifications viscérales. Il semble que la présence de magnésium facilite la formation de ce dernier type en inhibant la cristallisation de l'apatite et en stabilisant la phase amorphe comme dans les systèmes synthétiques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Kristallographische, spektroskopische und chemische Untersuchungen belegen die Anwesenheit von zwei bestimmten Arten von Calciumphosphat-Ablagerungen in den Geweben von Patienten mit chronischem Nierenversagen. Die Ablagerungen, welche in periartikulären Verkalkungen gefunden wurden, sind Karbonat-enthaltendes Apatit; diejenigen in visceralen Geweben sind entweder Kleinkriställchen von Magnesium-Whitlockit oder eine direkte Vorstufe davon. Röntgendiffraktionsspektren dieser beiden Ablagerungsarten zeigen, daß tumorale Verkalkungen apatitartig und viscerale Verkalkungen amorph sind. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Anwesenheit von Magnesium die Bildung dieser zweiten Art der Calciumablagerung begünstigt, indem es die Apatitbildung stört und die amorphe Phase stabilisiert, was in synthetischen Systemen beobachtet werden konnte.
    Notes: Abstract Crystallographic, spectroscopic and chemical studies demonstrate the presence of two distinct types of calcium phosphates deposits in tissues of patients with chronic renal failure. Deposits found in periarticular calcifications are carbonate-containing apatite, while those found in calcified visceral tissues are either microcrystallites of magnesium whitlockite or an immediate precursor of this compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of these two types show tumoral calcification to give an apatitic pattern and visceral calcification, an amorphous one. It is suggested that the presence of magnesium promotes the formation, of this latter type of calcium deposit by disturbing the crystallization of the apatite and stabilizing the amorphous phase as observed in synthetic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 362-367 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two different preparations of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) were characterized in vitro: BCP1 from a mechanical mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powders, and BCP2 from calcination of a calcium-deficient apatite (CDA). The structural, physicochemical and mechanical parameters of these two preparations were investigated, and two different macroporous BCP1 (MBCP1) and BCP2 MBCP2) implants were manufactured and implanted in rabbit bone for in vivo bioactivity studies. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed that MBCP1 implants had a significantly higher degradation rate (P〈0.0001) than MBCP2 implants. This was probably caused by the presence of calcium oxide impurities in BCP1 and the more intimate mixture and stable ultrastructure of BCP2. No significant difference about the newly formed bone rate in these two BCP preparations was observed. Very slight variations in sintering conditions appeared to influence the biodegradation behavior of the two MBCP implants despite their identical HA/β-TCP ratios and similar porosity. Precise and complete in vitro characterization enabled us to understand and predict in vivo degradation behavior. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new injectable biomaterial for bone and dental surgery is a composite consisting of a polymer as a matrix and bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics as fillers. The stability of the polymer is essential in the production of a ready-to-use injectable sterilized biomaterial. The purpose of this study was to detect possible polymer degradation which may have been caused by the interaction with the fillers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Composites containing CaP fillers (biphasic calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and peroxidized hydroxyapatite) and polymer (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) were prepared. To investigate the properties of the polymer, the inorganic and organic phases of the composite were separated using several extraction methods. The difficulty in separating the organic (polymer) from the mineral (CaP fillers) phases in the composite investigated in this study suggested the presence of strong interactions between the two phases. Spectra of extracted polymers showed new absorption bands of low intensities and indications that some chemical modifications of the original polymers have occurred. Results also indicated that the filler composition has an effect on the integrity of the polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 374-377 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Whitlockite — Mitogenesis — Metalloprotease.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Whitlockite crystals have been observed in both degenerating and normal articular cartilages. To determine their potential for inducing cartilage degeneration, we studied their ability to induce mitogenesis and synthesis and secretion of metalloproteases in vitro. Whitlockite crystals were found to stimulate cell proliferation and to stimulate synthesis and secretion of stromelysin and collagenase. However, they were less stimulatory than crystals that contained calcium (Ca) and phosphate without magnesium substitution for Ca. Whitlockite crystals elicit biologic cellular responses that suggest potential pathogenicity in arthritis, but are less potent than Ca phosphate crystals without magnesium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 5-7 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um die Art des Karbonateinbaues in die Apatitstruktur zu klären, wurden zwei Typen von synthetischen Karbonatapatiten untersucht: solche, die sich in wässrigen Medien bildeten, und andere, die bei hohen Temperaturen und unter Ausschluss von Wasser entstanden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ultrastructural properties of precipitated apatites were characterized before and after sintering at 900 and 1250 °C using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The apatite crystals were oriented with respect to the electron beam so that the crystals could be examined in relation to the high resolution images of the (001) and (100) planes. The ultrastructural properties were found to be affected by sintering temperature. Numerous lattice defects, including atomic vacancies, dislocations and two types of grain boundaries were observed. In addition, a new type of three-dimensional lattice defect was frequently observed in the apatites sintered at 900 °C. This type of lattice defect has the character of a hexagonal parallelipiped void, probably resulting from an aggregation of atomic vacancies. Calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate) prepared by precipitation and subsequent sintering to temperatures above 1100 °C are presently used as bone grafts. The amount and kind of defects such as those observed in this study have significant implications on the extent of the degradation of these materials in vivo.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Pellets of well-characterized microporous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic were implanted in hamsters in two nonosseous sites: (1) in the fatty tissue of the gingival crease, far from bony tissue and (2) in intraperitoneal sites. The implants in site 1 were placed directly in contact with tissues, cells, and extracellular fluids while the implants in site 2 were placed in special chambers made of plexiglass cylinders covered in both ends with millipore filters, preventing contact with tissues and cells, but not with extracellular fluids. The hamsters were sacrificed and the implants recovered after 8, 16, 30, 150, and 365 days. The pellets were characterized using x-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, thermogravimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calcium and phosphate analyses before and after implantation. Physicochemical analyses of HA ceramic implants before and after implantation demonstrated the formation of new material which was significantly different from the HA ceramic in terms of the following: (a) morphology (size of shape) of crystals; (b) intimate association of the inorganic phase of the new material with an organic phase similar to inorganic/organic association in bone; (c) the inorganic phase of the new material is a CO3-apatite, similar to that of bone, while the HA in ceramic is CO3-free; (d) electron diffraction of apatite of new material is similar to that of bone apatite. This study also demonstrated that the new material associated with the HA ceramics implanted in two different nonosseous sites were identical in spite of the differences in their microenvironment (cellular and acellular).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 883-894 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Specially prepared biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) macroporous ceramics consisting of an intimate association of beta tricalcium phosphate (b̃-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with b̃-TCP/HA weight ratios of 15/85, 35/65, and 85/15 were implanted in surgically created periodontal osseous defects in dogs and recovered after 6 months. A decrease in average size of crystals in BCP ceramics and an increase in the size of microporosities in the surface and at the core of the ceramic after implantation were observed, indicating that in vivo dissolution has taken place. The resorbability (reflecting in vivo dissolution) of BCP ceramics depended on their b̃-TCP/HA ratios, the higher the ratio, the greater the resorbability. The formation of microcrystals with crystallographic properties and Ca/P ratio similar to those of bone apatite crystals were also observed. The abundance of these crystals were directly related to the b̃-TCP/HA ratio of the BCP ceramic before implantation. The formation of the bone apatite-like crystals may be due to the precipitation of calcium and phosphate ions released from the dissolving ceramic crystals (the b̃-TCP component dissolving preferentially to the HA component). Results from this study suggested that one of the means of controlling resorbability (in vivo dissolution) of BCP ceramic is by varying its b̃-TCP/HA ratio.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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