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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diverticula of the bladder in children (1978)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 7 (1978), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: VCUG ; Bladder ; Diverticula ; Reflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diverticula of the bladder in infants and children are common and occur when vesical mucosa protrudes through a congenital defect in the muscle wall. Most are primary. Diverticula secondary to obstruction or neurogenic dysfunction are not as common as was once thought. The majority of diverticula are asymptomatic but they can cause vesico-ureteral reflux, obstruction or residual urine. Diverticula also occur after bladder surgery and in association with some syndromes. Voiding cystourethrography is the most reliable method for detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00975333
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pediatric radiologists: who we are and what we do (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 30 (2000), S. 581-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. There is a need for reliable monitoring of workforce trends in the field of pediatric radiology by the Society for Pediatric Radiology. In addition, the Society should periodically assess itself as to its mission and relevance to its members via membership surveys.¶Objective. The Membership Committee of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, 1999, conducted a 54-question survey to determine the makeup of its members, job profiles, satisfaction with services of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, and its official journal, Pediatric Radiology.¶Materials and methods. Seven hundred fifty surveys were given to active members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology in the United States and Canada. There were 275 surveys returned for an overall response of 37 %.¶Results. Mean age of members is 48 years with 99 % of respondents working. Membership is 34 % female and 66 % male. Women members of the Society are younger (45 vs 49 years, P = 0.0012) and work less hours (47.8 vs 51.0, P = 0.0135) than men. Fifty-seven percent of respondents practice in a freestanding children's hospital, 29 % in a “children's hospital within a hospital,” and 14 % are in community hospitals or an office-based practice. Eighty-two percent of the responding pediatric radiologist's time is spent in performing examination on children, with only 18 % spent on adult work or administration. Forty-eight percent work at more than one office. Sixty-one percent worked evenings or weekends, excluding night call. Two hundred twenty-two of 275 respondents had received a Certificate of Added Qualification. The meeting “for CME credit” was considered the most important benefit of Society membership. Most respondents read select articles in Pediatric Radiology. There was sentiment to decrease esoteric case reports in favor of review articles. Only 19 % of respondents submitted their articles to Pediatric Radiology initially.¶Conclusion. Pediatric radiologists are a diverse membership with the common goal of advocating for healthcare and imaging in children. Survey information given to the leadership of the Society will help the organization remain responsive to its members.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002470000259
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trait-based analyses for the detection of linkage between marker loci and quantitative trait loci in crosses between inbred lines (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 556-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative trait ; Genetic markers ; QTL ; Linkage analysis ; QTL mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Methods are presented for determining linkage between a marker locus and a nearby locus affecting a quantitative trait (quantitative trait locus=QTL), based on changes in the marker allele frequencies in selection lines derived from the F-2 of a cross between inbred lines, or in the “high” and “low” phenotypic classes of an F-2 or BC population. The power of such trait-based (TB) analyses was evaluated and compared with that of methods for determining linkage based on the mean quantitative trait value of marker genotypes in F-2 or BC populations [marker-based (MB) analyses]. TB analyses can be utilized for marker-QTL linkage determination in situations where the MB analysis is not applicable, including analysis of polygenic resistance traits where only a part of the population survives exposure to the Stressor and analysis of marker-allele frequency changes in selection lines. TB analyses may be a useful alternative to MB analyses when interest is centered on a single quantitative trait only and costs of scoring for markers are high compared with costs of raising and obtaining quantitative trait information on F-2 or BC individuals. In this case, a TB analysis will enable equivalent power to be obtained with fewer individuals scored for the marker, but more individuals scored for the quantitative trait. MB analyses remain the method of choice when more than one quantitative trait is to be analyzed in a given population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traumatic ureteropelvic disruption in the child (1986)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 16 (1986), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Traumatic disruption of the ureter from the pelvis is a rare injury of the child's urinary tract that probably results from extreme hyperextension of the trunk. The child may be remarkably free from other injuries whereas such trauma is usually lethal in the adult. Hydronephrosis may not occur immediately. Three cases are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386647
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary vesicoureteral reflux in blacks with posterior urethral valves: does it occur? (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 19 (1988), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is thought to be largely independent of obstruction. Therefore, in patients with urethral obstruction due to posterior urethral valves (PUV) the occurrence of VUR is coincidental. In addition, primary VUR is reported to be uncommon in black children. If these two premises are correct, then primary VUR should be rare in black males with PUV. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed the medical records and radiographs of 43 males with PUV. Twenty-one of the 37 non-black males with PUV had VUR, of which 67% was primary and 33% was secondary. Three of the six blacks with PUV had VUR of which all was secondary. Thus, blacks with PUV lend credence to the theory that primary VUR is not caused by obstruction and support the observation that primary VUR is rare in black children, even those with PUV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incontinence due to an infrasphincteric ectopic ureter: why the delay in diagnosis and what the radiologist can do about it (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 28 (1998), S. 942-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To determine (1) the reasons for the frequently long delay in the diagnosis of an infrasphincteric ectopic ureter in girls, and (2) what role the radiologist can play in decreasing the delay. Materials and methods. Twelve girls were referred to our hospital from June 1994 until April 1997 for evaluation of constant urinary dribbling and/or vaginal discharge. Available imaging studies, radiology reports, and clinic notes were reviewed. Results. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 6 years 7 months (range 2 years 10 months to 11 years 11 months). Mean delay until diagnosis after presentation was 2 years 5 months. Excluding the one girl whose ectopic ureter was diagnosed while she was still in diapers, mean age at the time of the first parental “complaint” was 4 years 9 months. The significance of the classic history of constant urinary dribbling was not recognized by physicians in 7 girls for 4 months to 7 years 10 months after presentation. Physical exam was not meticulously performed, as the ectopic orifice was visible in 8 of 12 girls. Imaging studies were ineffectively utilized: no imaging was done (for 2 years in 2 girls), inappropriate studies were done (ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography) and were misleading, studies were called normal when they were not (ultrasound and excretory urography), or perinatal imaging led to the incorrect assumption of a congenitally absent kidney in one girl and a multicystic dysplastic kidney in another. Excretory urography (EU) was diagnostic in all 10 girls with a duplex kidney, and computed tomography (CT) was supportive in 2 with a dysplastic kidney. CT was an adjunct in 3 girls; a Tc-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan was needed in 2. Conclusion. The classic history of constant urinary dribbling in a successfully toilet-trained girl should immediately lead to an imaging search for the portion of kidney (or entire kidney) drained by an infrasphincteric ectopic ureter. EU should usually be the first imaging performed and is often the only imaging study needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002470050506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urethral obstruction in boys caused by prolapse of simple ureterocele (1981)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 11 (1981), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Simple ureterocele ; Ectopic ureterocele ; Urethral polyp ; Intravenous pyelography ; Micturition cystourethrography ; Urethral obstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four boys, each with urethral obstruction caused by a prlapsed simple ureterocele (from a non-duplicated collecting system) are reported. This is an unusual complication of an uncommon anomaly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00971815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteric reflux (1985)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 15 (1985), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The classification of grading of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) agreed to by the participants in the International Reflux Study in Children is described. It combines two earlier classifications and is based upon the extent of filling and dilatation by VUR of the ureter, the renal pelvis and the calyces. A standardised technique of voiding cystography is also described to ensure comparability of results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388714
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urosepsis in infants with vesicoureteral reflux masquerading as the salt-losing type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 19 (1989), S. 548-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three male infants with vomiting, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis were found to have vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infection. Two were initially thought to have the salt-losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Although prompt diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition is critical, its mimicry by urosepsis in infants with VUR is actually more common. Infection probably causes unresponsiveness of the distal renal tubules to aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389571
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Misleading appearances in pediatric uroradiology (1980)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 10 (1980), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Pediatric uroradiology ; Misleading appearances ; Bladder ; Vesicoureteral reflux ; Aberrant micturition ; Duplex collecting system ; Ectopic ureterocele
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Certain misleading appearances are peculiar to pediatric uroradiology. The most frequently encountered pitfalls are related to the bladder, to vesicoureteral reflux, and to the duplicated collecting system. The bi-chambered nature of the child's bladder, and the rapid settling of contrast material to the most dependent portion causes many pitfalls in diagnosis. When the child is prone, normal ureters may seem to be ectopic, and ureteroceles may become invisible. When the child is supine, the volume of urine in the bladder may be grossly under-estimated. Reflux can mimic function at urography. The dynamic nature of reflux leads to under-estimation of its presence and degree on the IVP and static cystogram. Reflux into an already dilated system can lead to over-estimation of its degree. Aberrant micturition with rapid refilling of the bladder can simulate incomplete emptying. The diagnosis of “ectopic ureterocele” is based on indirect evidence. Any condition that affects the urinary apparatus in the same way will have a similar appearance. A huge ureterocele may have a small ureter, and massive reflux into a lower pole ureter may make the diagnosis of duplication difficult. Ureterocele “lookalikes”, and effacement or intussusception of the ureterocele are cystographic pitfalls. Lower pole ureteropelvic junction obstruction and Wilms tumor in the lower portion of a kidney can have surprisingly similar appearances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644339
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