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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution coefficients of chlorinated hydrocarbons in dilute air-water systems for groundwater contamination applications (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 26 (1981), S. 382-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00026a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion from a point source in a time-dependent unbounded extensional flow (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2327-2331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, the solution for diffusion from a point source in a time-dependent pure extensional flow is presented. The convective diffusion equation is shown to separate for this flow field, and the resulting reduced equations can be solved exactly for arbitrary time dependence. Both planar and uniaxial extensional flows are examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858473
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of shear-induced dispersion in a dilute emulsion (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The time-dependent drop distribution of a dilute, polydisperse emulsion is measured in a simple shear flow. The suspending fluid is much more viscous than the dispersed phase (1:1000). Drops are found to drift away from either bounding wall and accumulate near the center of the gap, due to the anisotropy of droplet–plane interactions. An expression for this drift velocity has been derived for single drops by Chan and Leal [J. Fluid Mech. 92, 131 (1979)] and was in agreement with isolated drop migration observed in our work. Eventually the inward drift is balanced by a shear-induced gradient diffusivity, and a steady-state concentration distribution is reached. When the drops are sufficiently far from either wall a self-similar, parabolic concentration profile is predicted at all times. Droplet diffusivities were determined for capillary numbers Ca=γ(overdot)a¯μ/σ between 0.17 and 0.92, where γ(overdot) is the shear rate, a¯ is the mean drop radius, μ is the viscosity of the suspending fluid, and σ the interfacial tension. The values obtained are an order of magnitude lower than theoretical predictions of Loewenberg made in the limit of small deformation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1338542
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the translational and rotational velocities of a noncolloidal sphere rolling down a smooth inclined plane at low Reynolds number (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The translational and rotational velocities of a sphere rolling down an inclined plane at low Reynolds number were measured as a function of the angle of inclination of the plane. Both 140 μm glass and 6350 μm diam acrylic particles were used. A theoretical model including the effects of particle surface roughness was developed, and is in quantitative agreement with the measurements. In addition, statistically significant velocity fluctuations were measured and are explained by variation in the coefficient of friction of the sphere. The disagreement between the measurements of Carty (B.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1957) and the theory of Goldman et al. [Chem. Eng. Sci. 22, 637 (1967)] is explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858799
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the drift of a droplet due to the presence of a plane (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The drift of a deformable droplet of low viscosity (viscosity ratio λ=0.08) in a Couette device is examined. The drift is measured both in the plane of shear (due to the rigid outer bounding walls of the Couette device) and also normal to the plane of shear (due to the upper bounding stress-free surface). A general relationship between normal stresses induced by the deformation of a droplet in an arbitrary shear flow and the leading-order drift normal to rigid and stress-free plane surfaces is described theoretically. This relationship is consistent with previous theoretical predictions for droplet migration in shear flows, and is used to compare results from the drift measurement experiments with first-order deformation theories. The measured drift velocities are in reasonable agreement with the theory of Schowalter et al. [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 26, 152 (1968)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigation of a two-layer shearing instability in a cylindrical Couette cell (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2385-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new experiment is presented to investigate interfacial instability between two immiscible liquids with different viscosity. Two density-matched fluids are confined between the walls of a concentric cylinder Couette cell that is aligned parallel to gravity. The resulting interface is parallel to the walls of the Couette cell and gravity. At sufficiently fast rotation rates, interfacial waves form with amplitudes that vary azimuthally and with crests parallel to gravity. Experiments and detailed results on the behavior of the system including a phase map and video stills are presented as a function of depth ratio and rotation rate. Both two-dimensional periodic wave trains and localized waves are observed. The experimental wavelength of the two-dimensional waves agree with the predictions of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of an unexpectedly large shear-induced self-diffusivity in a dilute suspension of spheres (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 2194-2201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the measurement of unexpectedly large shear-induced diffusivities for various sized tracers in a dilute suspension of noncolloidal spheres in simple shear. The suspension was sheared in a narrow gap Couette device at low Reynolds number, and the tracer diffusivities parallel to the velocity gradient D were obtained using an orbit-time technique. It is shown that the presence of even a dilute concentration φ of particles renders an otherwise smooth tracer trajectory strongly stochastic and the resulting diffusivity is linear in φ in this limit, indicating irreversible displacements at the pair interaction level. The measured values of the diffusivity, however, are at least an order of magnitude larger than that predicted by current theories. In a previous study, Beimfohr et al. [Proc. DOE/NSF Workshop, Ithaca, NY (1993)] likewise obtained values for D larger than that predicted by theory, but the discrepancy was attributed to the large eccentricity (average aspect ratio=1.19) of the particles used. In the present study, very nearly spherical ground acrylic particles were used, yet diffusivities of the same order of magnitude as that obtained by Beimfohr et al. were measured. Various possible causes for this anomalous diffusivity were explored and tested in the course of our investigation, including the effect of inertial lift and possible non-Newtonian properties of the base fluid, but none proved sufficiently large to account for the observed behavior. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1483304
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of oscillatory two-phase Couette flow: Theory and experiment (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 833-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial instability due to viscosity stratification is studied experimentally in a closed Couette geometry. A vertical interface is formed between two concentric cylinders with density-matched fluids of unequal viscosity. The outer cylinder is rotated with a time-harmonic motion, causing spatially periodic disturbances of the interface. The wavelengths and growth rates predicted by linear theory agree well with experimental results. Application of Fjørtoft's inflection point theorem shows the neutral stability curves to be consistent with an internal instability occurring in the less viscous phase. Because the standard Floquet theory yields only time-averaged growth rates, the instantaneous behavior of the system is examined numerically. This reveals the flow to be unstable to a disturbance which has a maximum that oscillates between the interface and a location within the less viscous fluid. Surprisingly, it is found that interfacial wave amplification originates with the internal disturbance, and is not directly caused by interfacial shear. This unsteady instability may explain the growth of waves in "transient" process flows, e.g., fluids encountering changing flow geometry. It is also demonstrated that in the long wave limit the problem of steady-plus-oscillatory plate motion is simply additive. This implies that it is possible to use oscillations to stabilize steady waves over a limited range of parameter values, but only when the less viscous phase is adjacent to the moving boundary. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869955
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inertial lift on a moving sphere in contact with a plane wall in a shear flow (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2538-2545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we calculate the lift force on a smooth sphere rotating and translating in a simple shear flow in contact with a rigid wall. The calculation involves only known creeping flow solutions and is presented in terms of six different coefficients, each arising as a result of a pairwise combination of the translational velocity, rotational velocity, and the imposed shear flow. The results obtained agree well with those of Cherukat and McLaughlin [J. Fluid Mech. 263, 1 (1994a); and (personal communication, 1994b)], extrapolated for the case of zero separation distance. The calculated lift is further integrated into a force and torque balance on a non-neutrally buoyant rough sphere moving in contact with a plane. It is found that if the shear Reynolds number Re is sufficiently large, the lift force exceeds the gravitational force and the sphere separates from the plane. The increased separation is accompanied by an increase in the translational velocity U of the sphere and a corresponding decrease in the lift force due to the negative shear-translation coefficient, ultimately resulting in the sphere acquiring some steady separation distance. The equilibrium separation distance and velocity are plotted as a function of the parameter Re2/Res, where Res is the sedimentation Reynolds number. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868755
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the hydrodynamic surface roughness of noncolloidal spheres (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 52-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new technique for measuring the surface roughness of noncolloidal spheres is presented. The time for a sphere initially in contact with a smooth surface to fall away under the influence of gravity through a viscous fluid is shown to be related to the largest scale of surface roughness of sufficient surface coverage to support the particle. The ratio of the time taken for a sphere to fall one particle diameter from a smooth mica plane to that for the sphere to fall between one radius and one diameter from the plane thus provides a means of measuring the effective hydrodynamic surface roughness of spheres. This technique was employed to measure the roughness of eight types of particles ranging from 43–6350 μm in diameter. The roughnesses were found to be on the order of 10−2 to 10−3 particle radii, and were in agreement with independent observations using a scanning electron microscope and an optical profilometer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857523
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