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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral behavior of capillary waves in gas–liquid flows (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2836-2842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An equation which expresses the behavior of the frequency spectrum for capillary waves occurring in horizontal gas–liquid flows is derived using a dynamic energy balance. This balance assumes that the energy source for these waves is nonlinear interactions between the dominant gravity–capillary waves and that, in the same manner as for single waves, the dissipation of energy is caused by viscosity. Experimental measurements for both water and a water–glycerin solution with a viscosity of 2 cP in an air flow are described well by the theory over a frequency range of 40–100 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865482
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization mechanisms of short waves in stratified gas–liquid flow (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 919-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interfacial waves grow in a cocurrent, stratified gas–liquid flow by extracting energy from the main flow. The most unstable mode typically has a wavelength comparable to or less than the liquid depth. Experiments show that these short waves can saturate at small amplitude with no generation of long-wave or transverse modes. By decomposing the typical Stuart–Landau analysis into three components, it is found that saturation usually occurs by cubic self-interaction of the fundamental mode but quadratic resonant interaction with the first overtone is also possible. Interaction with mean flow modes is usually much less important. Experiments confirm the predictions of weakly nonlinear theory. The measured overtone is found to be O(|A1|2) and is phase-locked with the fundamental except near a 1–2 resonance point where the fundamental and the overtone have comparable speeds. Near this resonance, the amplitudes are of the same order and the phase angle between them is observed to jump irregularly as predicted by modern dynamical systems theory for intermittent chaos near a heteroclinic cycle. The phase and magnitude of the overtone interaction specify the shape, chaotic dynamics and symmetry of the waves across resonance which are analyzed and confirmed experimentally. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869188
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigation of a two-layer shearing instability in a cylindrical Couette cell (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 2385-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new experiment is presented to investigate interfacial instability between two immiscible liquids with different viscosity. Two density-matched fluids are confined between the walls of a concentric cylinder Couette cell that is aligned parallel to gravity. The resulting interface is parallel to the walls of the Couette cell and gravity. At sufficiently fast rotation rates, interfacial waves form with amplitudes that vary azimuthally and with crests parallel to gravity. Experiments and detailed results on the behavior of the system including a phase map and video stills are presented as a function of depth ratio and rotation rate. Both two-dimensional periodic wave trains and localized waves are observed. The experimental wavelength of the two-dimensional waves agree with the predictions of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869023
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of oscillatory two-phase Couette flow: Theory and experiment (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 833-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial instability due to viscosity stratification is studied experimentally in a closed Couette geometry. A vertical interface is formed between two concentric cylinders with density-matched fluids of unequal viscosity. The outer cylinder is rotated with a time-harmonic motion, causing spatially periodic disturbances of the interface. The wavelengths and growth rates predicted by linear theory agree well with experimental results. Application of Fjørtoft's inflection point theorem shows the neutral stability curves to be consistent with an internal instability occurring in the less viscous phase. Because the standard Floquet theory yields only time-averaged growth rates, the instantaneous behavior of the system is examined numerically. This reveals the flow to be unstable to a disturbance which has a maximum that oscillates between the interface and a location within the less viscous fluid. Surprisingly, it is found that interfacial wave amplification originates with the internal disturbance, and is not directly caused by interfacial shear. This unsteady instability may explain the growth of waves in "transient" process flows, e.g., fluids encountering changing flow geometry. It is also demonstrated that in the long wave limit the problem of steady-plus-oscillatory plate motion is simply additive. This implies that it is possible to use oscillations to stabilize steady waves over a limited range of parameter values, but only when the less viscous phase is adjacent to the moving boundary. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869955
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weakly nonlinear simulation of planar stratified flows (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 92-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial behavior of two-fluid, planar flows is studied by numerical integration of weakly-nonlinear amplitude equations derived via eigenfunction expansion of the governing equations. This study extends the range of classic Stuart–Landau theories by the inclusion of a spectrum of modes allowing all possible quadratic and cubic interactions. Results are obtained for four cases where linear and Stuart–Landau theories do not give a complete description; gas–liquid and oil–water pressure driven flow, matched-density liquid–liquid Couette flow, and the region of gas–liquid flow near resonance that switches from supercritical to subcritical. It is found that integration of amplitude equations gives better qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments than Stuart–Landau theory. Further, the distinctively different behaviors of these systems can be understood in terms of the spectrum of nonlinear coefficients. In gas–liquid channel flow a low wave number wave is destabilized through quadratic interaction with the mean flow mode. For liquid–liquid Poiseuille flow, a low wave number wave is destabilized through cubic interactions with higher modes. For depth and viscosity ratios where liquid–liquid Couette flow is unstable to long waves and for which the growth rates are not too large, simulation results predict that the waves grow to a statistically steady state where there is no preferred wave number. Stabilization is provided by an apparently self-similar cascade of energy to higher modes that are linearly stable, explaining why no visible waves occur in experiments done in this region. While Stuart–Landau theory provides no prediction of wave amplitude above criticality for subcritical cases, simulations show that wave saturation at small amplitude is possible and suggests that subcritical predictions may not mean that steady waves do not exist. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870299
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear enhanced transport in oscillatory liquid membranes (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1709-1712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690341015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 695-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350427
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of transport enhancement in oscillatory liquid membranes (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1259-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360816
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