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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of toluene and xylenes on liver glutathione and their urinary excretion as mercapturic acids in the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1980), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Toluene and Xylenes metabolism ; Glutathione ; Mercapturic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Administration of toluene and xylenes to rats caused a decrease in liver glutathione concentration. The effect was most pronounced after the administration of o-xylene. 26% of the initial glutathione level was found three hours after treatment with o-xylene (4.0 mmoles/kg). No in vitro conjugation of o-xylene with glutathione was observed, neither spontaneously nor in the presence of 105,000 g supernatant from rat liver homogenate, containing glutathione S-transferases. Thus, a metabolite of o-xylene, which is not formed during incubation with 105,000 g supernatant, reacts with glutathione. A thioether was isolated from urine of rats given o-xylene; the compound was identified as o-methylbenzyl mercapturic acid by GC-MS and NMR. Chromatographic evidence was found for the presence of benzyl mercapturic acid in the urine of toluene-treated rats. The amounts of mercapturic acids excreted in the urine after administration of toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and o-xylene were 0.4–0.7, 0.6, 1.3, and 10–21% of the dose, respectively. These results demonstrate the involvement of a thusfar unknown pathway in the biotransformation of toluene and xylenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366185
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and determination of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 47 (1981), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Carbon disulfide ; Viscose rayon industry ; CS2-metabolite ; Biological monitoring ; 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A compound was isolated from the urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide during the production of rayon. The compound was identified as 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) by GC/MS and NMR. A HPLC method for the quantitative determination of TTCA was elaborated and applied to urine samples. The method allowed detection of TTCA concentrations in urine as low as 5 × 10−7 M. No TTCA was detected in urine of workers occupationally exposed to organic solvents other than CS2. High concentrations of TTCA (upto 32×10−5 M) were shown to be present in urine of spinners exposed to CS2 concentrations of approximately 100 mg/m3. It is suggested that the assay of urinary TTCA is suitable for detection of occupational exposure to CS2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297130
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and identification of S-methylcysteine in urine of workers exposed to methyl chloride (1980)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 46 (1980), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Methyl chloride ; Glutathione conjugation ; Thioethers ; Methylthio compounds ; Mercapturic acid ; S-methylcysteine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methyl chloride is used as a methylating agent and as a blowing agent in industrial processes. Alkylating agents and other electrophilic compounds are often detoxified in the organism through conjugation with glutathione. Glutathione conjugates are generally excreted as mercapturic acids, cysteine conjugates, or other thioethers in urine. Urine samples obtained from persons occupationally exposed to methyl chloride were examined for the presence of elevated thioether levels using a previously published non-selective procedure. No significant increases were detectable. A new assay procedure was developed for the detection of methylthio compounds in urine. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of urine samples and subsequent gas chromatographic determination of methyl mercaptan in the headspace of acidified hydrolysates. By application of this method a greatly increased excretion of a methylthio compound in the urine of CH3Cl-exposed workers was shown. The compound was identified as S-methylcysteine. A study of the urinary S-methylcysteine excretion in a group of workers during a seven-day shift revealed that two of six workers hardly excreted any S-methylcysteine after exposure to methyl chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378189
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thioether concentration and mutagenicity of urine from cigarette smokers (1979)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 43 (1979), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Urinary thioethers ; Mercapturic acids ; Mutagenicity of urine ; Cigarette smoking ; Potentially alkylating agents ; Exposure test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Urinary thioether compounds, such as mercapturic acids, can be considered as nontoxic end products of potentially alkylating agents. On the other hand, urinary mutagenicity may represent the excretion of potential mutagens that have not definitively been detoxified by the organism. It is suggested that a combined urinary thioether and mutagenicity test may be useful in monitoring people occupationally exposed to potentially alkylating compounds, in particular to mixtures of these chemicals. Exposure to cigarette smoke, containing several known mutagens and carcinogens, is expected to interfere with the test results. The excretion of mutagens and thioethers was determined in urine of smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers excrete more mutagens and thioether compounds than nonsmokers. Further, it was found that the urinary mutagenicity and thioether level are significantly related to the amount of cigarettes smoked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381187
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1-Hydroxypyrene in human urine after exposure to coal tar and a coal tar derived product (1985)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 57 (1985), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pyrene ; Urine ; Coal tar ; Eczema patients ; Workers ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method for isolating 1-hydroxypyrene from urine is described. The presence of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine was identified by fluorescence excitation and emission scanning after HPLC-separation. 1-Hydroxypyrene could be detected in the urine of rats following oral administration of as little as 0.5 μg pyrene. The dose-dependence of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine was evident after a wide range of pyrene dosing. After therapeutical coal tar treatment of dermatological patients the enhanced excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene was highly significant. Employees of a creosote impregnating plant showed an excretion pattern of 1-hydroxypyrene which could be related to their work. 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine of non-exposed people was very low, but detectable. It is suggested that the method reported is suitable for the assessment of uptake of man to pyrene, a compound that is commonly present in work environments which are associated with pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383545
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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