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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 3609-3614 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A bound-to-free transition initiated by femtosecond excitation of diatomic molecules results in photofragments with a distribution of kinetic energies. A measurement of the kinetic-energy distribution yields the modulus squared of the asymptotic momentum-space wave packet prepared in the laser excitation process. On the other hand, the coordinate-space density of the wave packet entering the interaction-free region can be determined from pump–probe integrated fluorescence spectroscopy. We provide several numerical examples to show that this information can be used to determine the phase of the asymptotic wave packet so that this particular quantum-mechanical wave function can be characterized completely. To achieve this aim we use an iteration scheme (Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm) which does not require any further information about the system or the laser pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 237 (1972), S. 48-49 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] "Causation? of bird song can be discussed in three senses: that of the evolutionary function for which the communication pattern has been selected; the hormonal-neurological basis; and the external stimuli which determine the type of song and the rate of delivery. Morse has attempted to draw ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Prostate cancer • Matrix metalloproteinases • MMP1 • MMP3 • TIMP1 ; Schlüsselwörter Prostatakarzinom • Matrix-Metalloproteinasen • MMP1 • MMP3 • TIMP1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Metalloproteinasen (MMP) und deren Gewebsinhibitoren (TIMP) besitzen wichtige Funktionen im Prozeß der Tumorinvasion und Metastasierung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Metalloproteinasen 1 und 3 (MMP1, MMP3), der Gewebsinhibitor der Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) und der Komplex MMP1/TIMP1 mit einem für diese Proteine spezifischen ELISA-Test bestimmt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten bei Patienten mit metastasiertem (n = 18; T2, 3, 4 pN1, 2M1) und nicht metastasiertem (n = 29; T2, 3 pN0M0) Prostatakarzinom (PCa), bei Patienten mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie (BPH; n = 29) sowie bei gesunden Männern (n = 35). Die Medianwerte von MMP1 und dem Komplex MMP1/TIMP1 waren zwischen den 4 untersuchten Gruppen nicht different. Die Medianwerte von MMP3 und besonders TIMP1 lagen bei den PCa-Patienten mit Metastasierung signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe, den BPH-Patienten und den PCa-Patienten ohne Metastasierung. Zehn der 18 metastasierten PCa-Patienten lagen mit den TIMP Konzentrationen oberhalb der oberen Referenzgrenze. Die TIMP1 Konzentrationen korrelierten mit dem Tumorstadium. Der Gewebsinhibitor TIMP1 ist damit als potentieller Marker für eine Metastasierung beim Prostatakarzinom in Betracht zu ziehen.
    Notes: Summary Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are involved in important processes of tumor invasion and metastasis. In the study presented, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and 3 (MMP3), the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and the complex MMP1/TIMP1 were measured by ELISA tests specific for these proteins in blood plasma. These components have been investigated in prostate cancer patients (PCa) with metastases (n = 18; T2, 3, 4 pN1, 2M1), prostate cancer patients without metastases (n = 29; T2, 3 pN0M0), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n = 29) and in healthy men (n = 35). Mean values of MMP1 and of the complex MMP1/TIMP1 were not different among the four groups. The mean values of MMP3 and especially TIMP1 were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients with metastases compared with controls, BPH patients and prostate cancer patients without metastases. Ten of these 18 patients had TIMP1 levels higher than the upper reference limit. TIMP1 concentrations correlate to the tumor stage but not to the tumor grade. These results indicate, that TIMP1 could be an potential marker for metastases in prostate cancer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Prostataspezifisches Antigen ; Humanes Kallikrein 2 ; Molekulare Formen ; Prostatakarzinom ; Benigne Prostatahyperplasie ; Key words Prostate-specific antigen ; Human kallikrein 2 ; Molecular forms ; Prostate cancer ; Benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most useful marker in the early detection of prostate cancer and in the monitoring of patients with this diagnosis. Molecular forms of PSA and human kallikrein 2 (hK2) have been used to discriminate between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, as well as for the detection of prostate cancer within the gray zone of PSA. In this respect, a literature survey on the diagnostic validity of free PSA (fPSA) related to total PSA (tPSA), PSA bound to α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT-PSA), and complexed PSA (cPSA) is given together with our own results. The ratio of fPSA/tPSA has been shown to improve both sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis based on tPSA measurements. The number of biopsies can be reduced in the total PSA range of 4–10 μg/l. Furthermore, carcinomas can be detected in patients with PSA values less than 4 μg/l. ACT-PSA or cPSA alone and the calculated derivatives are not superior in their discriminatory power compared with tPSA and the fPSA% value. The other molecular PSA forms and hK2 are still objects of research and their diagnostic significance needs to be evaluated in more extensive clinical trials.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das prostataspezifische Antigen (PSA) ist die wichtigste Kenngröße in der Diagnostik und Therapieüberwachung des Prostatakarzinoms. Zur besseren Abgrenzung zwischen benigner Prostatahyperplasie (BPH) und Prostatakarzinom, aber auch zur Früherkennung des Prostatakarzinoms haben sich die molekularen Formen des PSA und neuerdings auch das humane Kallikrein 2 (hK2) als wertvolle Entscheidungshilfen erwiesen. Es wird eine Literaturübersicht über bisher vorliegende Informationen zur Aussagekraft des freien PSA (fPSA) in Relation zum Gesamt-PSA (tPSA), des an α1-Antichymotrypsin gebundenen PSA (ACT-PSA) und des komplexierten PSA (cPSA) zusammen mit eigenen Resultaten gegeben. Der Quotient fPSA/tPSA (fPSA%) hat sich bereits als eine wichtige Entscheidungsgröße in der urologischen Praxis etabliert, mit der Sensitivität und Spezifität der Prostatakarzinomdiagnostik verbessert werden. Die Zahl von Prostatastanzbiopsien im tPSA-Bereich 4–10 μg/l kann damit reduziert und bei tPSA-Werten 〈4 μg/l können zusätzlich unerkannte Karzinompatienten identifiziert werden. Ein diagnostischer Vorteil der alleinigen Bestimmung des gebundenen PSA bzw. der entsprechenden Quotienten (ACT-PSA/tPSA oder cPSA/tPSA) im Vergleich zum fPSA% konnte bisher nicht sicher nachgewiesen werden. Die Bestimmungen der anderen molekularen PSA-Formen und des hK2 sind noch weitgehend Gegenstand der Forschung bzw. erfordern noch entsprechende klinische Evaluierungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 27 (1990), S. 223-227 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It has been argued that the song dialects of white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys, may function to restrict gene flow between dialect populations, thus promoting adaptation to local environmental conditions. One proposed mechanism whereby this may occur is if a female mates preferentially with males singing her natal dialect, typically the song type of her father. Previous field and laboratory studies of the role played by song differences in mate choice by female white-crowned sparrows have produced equivocal results. These investigations were conducted in populations in which a single song dialect was predominant. We examined mate choice in a population in which two song dialects are equally common. We found that songs of mates of individual females in successive years were no more likely to be of the same dialect than expected by chance. In addition, individual females did not mate preferentially with males whose songs matched those of their fathers. We conclude that, in this population, females choose mates on the basis of characteristics other than song type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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