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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Digitalis intoxication ; Cardiac arrhythmias ; Antibody treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accidental digitalis ingestion in children is a rare, but potentially life-threatening emergency. We report the case of a 210/12-year-old boy with accidental ingestion of 6 mg β-Acetyl-digoxin. Soon after admission, the boy developed sinus bradycardia, SA and AV-block, of increasing severity without circulatory impairment. As the serum digoxin level reached 21.7 ng/ml digoxin-specific Fab-antibody-fragments were used to bind free serum digoxin. Immediately after infusion, serum free digoxin was below the detection limit, whereas total digoxin peaked at 219 ng/ml 5 h thereafter. The arrhytmias did not subside totally, so that in addition, a transvenous pacemaker was placed, but never used. The antibody-infusion was well tolerated and the boy was discharged in good health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 174-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hypobetalipoproteinaemia ; Abetalipoproteinaemia ; Phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients, aged 0.1 and 2 years, with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia, one with PKU in addition are described. The clinical evaluation showed no neurologic abnormalities. Treatment with a fat-reduced, protein and carbohydrate-enriched diet was combined with vitamin A and E supplementation, according to the suggestions for classical abetalipoproteinaemia. In the patient with PKU the protein intake was increased by using a phenylalanine-free, amino acid mixture. Only by this, were normal growth and weight gain achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1994), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Zinc deficiency ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Breast-fed ; Preterm infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      A formerly premature, exclusively breast-fed infant with severe zinc deficiency syndrome is presented. He showed the characteristic erosive skin changes, including alopecia, as seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, he manifested a failure to thrive and irritability. The diagnosis was confirmed by reduced serum levels of zinc (2.3 μmol/l) and alkaline phosphatase (45 U/l). We consider the reduced zinc supply in the breast milk (5.7 μmol/l) as the most likely cause of the disease. Therapy consisted of oral zinc supplements (50 μmol/kg/ day) for a period of 30 weeks. Symptoms and laboratory values normalized completely and did not recur on a normal diet. Conclusion     A diet of breast milk can, in rare circumstances, cause insufficient zinc intake resulting in severe zinc deficiency syndrome with characteristic dermatological features. Therapy consists of temporary oral zinc supplementation at a daily dose of 50 μmol/ kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Inhaled nitric oxide ; Intrapulmonary shunt ; Rabbit ; Surfactant deficiency ; Meconium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Marked hypoxia secondary to intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting is a characteristic of respiratory failure in human neonates and can sometimes be complicated by additional extrapulmonary right-to-left shunting. To investigate the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on intrapulmonary shunting, two typical pulmonary diseases of the newborn (respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration) were reproduced in 32 mechanically ventilated rabbits weighing approximately 2 kg each. After tracheotomy, catheters were inserted into a jugular vein, a carotid artery and the right ventricle (to measure systolic right ventricular pressure [SRVP] and mixed venous oxygen content for calculation of shunt by Fick equation). Repeated airway lavages (LAV) with normal saline or repeated instillations of a suspension of human meconium (MEC) were continued until both the a/A-ratio was ≤0.14 and a peak inspiratory pressure ≥22 mbar was needed to keep the tidal volume constant at 10 ml/kg of body weight. Measurements of shunt, SRVP, systolic systemic pressure, physiological dead space, tidal volume and a ventilation index were performed before and after completion of lung damage and at 20 and 60 min after administering iNO at 80 ppm. Four groups of rabbits were studied (n = 8 in each group): LAV control and intervention, Mec control and intervention. 60 min after starting iNO, there was a decrease in shunt (LAV: 67.6% ± [SD] 11.3% vs 56.2 ± 16.4, P = 0.05; MEC: 52.6 ± 6.3 vs 44.3 ± 8.3, P 〈 0.05), in SRVP (LAV: 29.7 mmHg ± 10.1 mmHg vs 20.0 ± 8.2, P 〈 0.01; MEC: 25.1 ± 4.4 vs 22.3 ± 5.0, P = 0.46) and in dead space (% of tidal volume, LAV: 32.7% ± 10.5% vs 25.9 ± 10.1, P 〈 0.01; MEC: 26.1 ± 16.6 vs 18.9 ± 10.1, P = 0.05). These results demonstrate that iNO decreases intrapulmonary shunt (as well as SRVP and dead space). We suggest that iNO may be beneficial in human newborns with severe respiratory failure even if no extrapulmonary shunting via ductus or foramen ovale is apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Serum creatinine ; Creatinine clearance ; Normal values ; Neonates ; Prematures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Normal serum creatinine (Scr) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) values during the first 10 days of life were obtained in 63 very premature (28–32 weeks of gestation), premature (33–37 weeks) and term infants (38–42 weeks). Scr fell, and Ccr rose less markedly in the very premature infants. Scr was 80 μmol/l on the 1st day of life both in very premature and premature infants, and 77 μmol/l in full-term neonates. After 10 days, Scr was 73, 53 and 35 μmol/l respectively. There was an exponential correlation between Ccr and gestational age, indicating rapid maturation of glomerular function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Zinc deficiency ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Breast-fed ; Preterm infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A formerly premature, exclusively breast-fed infant with severe zinc deficiency syndrome is presented. He showed the characteristic erosive skin changes, including alopecia, as seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, he manifested a failure to thrive and irritability. The diagnosis was confirmed by reduced serum levels of zinc (2.3 μmol/l) and alkaline phosphatase (45 U/l). We consider the reduced zinc supply in the breast milk (5.7 μmol/l) as the most likely cause of the disease. Therapy consisted of oral zinc supplements (50 μmol/kg/day) for a period of 30 weeks. Symptoms and laboratory values normalized completely and did not recur on a normal diet. Conclusion A diet of breast milk can, in rare circumstances, cause insufficient zinc intake resulting in severe zinc deficiency syndrome with characteristic dermatological features. Therapy consists of temporary oral zinc supplementation at a daily dose of 50 μmol/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Diphtheria ; Corynebacterium diphtheriae ; Bacterial tracheitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diphtheria has become a rare disease in Germany. We report on an unimmunized 3.5-year-old German girl with a 7-day history of respiratory distress and fever, presenting a clinical picture mimicking typical bacterial tracheitis without pharyngeal and laryngeal manifestation. Diagnosis of diphtheria was not made until culture of tracheal secretions yielded growth of a toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The patient died from toxic cardiac failure despite treatment with diphtheria antitoxin. This is the second reported case of isolated bacterial tracheitis caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Conclusion The observation of a lethal course of diphtheric tracheitis emphasizes the paramount im-portance of immunization against diseases like diph-theria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 242 (1987), S. 896-896 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract RARE-MR-urography (RapidAcquisition withRelaxationEnhancement) is a fast MR imaging technique (6.4 s/acquisition) that selectively depicts fluid by heavy T2-weighting. From 9/1989 to 11/1990, RARE-MR urograms were prospectively evaluated in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in 55 children. The method is performed in several planes and combined with a coronal, T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Forty out of 42 kidneys with dilated renal pelvis, and 21 out of 24 dilated ureters were identified, only the mildly dilated ones were missed. Even in non-functioning kidneys the urinary tract was clearly depicted by RARE-MR-urography. However, no differentiation could be made with this technique between vesicoureteral reflux and non-refluxing dilatation of ureter and/or renal pelvis. All 19 pelviureteric obstructions and all eight renal duplications with a dilated segment were identified. RARE-MR-urography is a new tool for diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities in children without having to employ ionizing radiation, contrast media, or general anesthesia. A dilated urinary tract can be shown in one image displaying the entire urinary system, similar to excretory urography. The technique is presently not able to provide the information of voiding cystourethrography or renal scintigraphy, nor is it as easy to perform as ultrasound. However, in certain cases it may replace excretory urography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hyperammonämie ; Harnstoffzyklusdefekte ; Organoazidurien ; Hämodialyse ; Hämofiltration ; Key words Hyperammonaemia ; Urea cycle disorders ; Organic acidemias ; Haemodialysis ; Haemofiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Inborn errors of the urea cycle and of the organic acid metabolism can cause acute hyperammonemia in neonates which, if untreated, leads to coma, severe brain damage or death. These complications, however, can be prevented by proper diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention. Rapid decline in ammonia blood levels are essential and can be achieved by the following four therapeutic principles 1. restriction of protein intake (while maintaining essential amino acids), 2. reduction of protein catabolism by a hypercaloric diet, 3. activation of alternative pathways of ammonia elimination, and 4. elimination of ammonia from the circulation by dialysis. We report on 4 cases who were submitted because of acute hyperammonemic coma. All patients were treated immediately after diagnosis with hemodialysis (HD) or hemofiltration (HF). In all 4 patients blood ammonia levels were rapidly decreased to normal values leading to significant improvements of the neurologic state. The long term outcomes were, however, determined by the underlying metabolic disorder. Discussion: Our case reports confirm the effectiveness of HD and HF in the treatment of acute hyperammonemic coma. Since the diagnosis and the prognosis of metabolic disorders are rarely known at the time when the patient becomes symptomatic and needs therapy, any neonate with acute hyperammonemia should be referred to a special care unit where technical facilities for extracorporal dialysis are available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das hyperammonämische Koma ist eine akut lebensbedrohliche Stoffwechselentgleisung. Die häufigsten kongenitalen Ursachen sind Enzymdefekte im Harnstoffzyklus und im Abbau von organischen Säuren. Die Frühdiagnose und eine sofortige aggressive Therapie sind die entscheidenden Voraussetzungen zur Vermeidung irreversibler Hirnschäden und letaler Verläufe. Das Therapieziel ist eine rasche Senkung des Ammoniaks und anderer neurotoxischer Metaboliten. Die therapeutischen Grundprinzipien beinhalten 1. eine restriktive Proteinzufuhr unter dem Erhalt essentieller Aminosäuren, 2. die Unterbrechung des Proteinkatabolismus mittels hochkalorischer Ernährung, 3. eine medikamentöse Aktivierung alternativer Wege der Stickstoffausscheidung sowie 4. apparative Blutreinigungsverfahren. Das optimale Dialyseverfahren ist umstritten. Wir haben 4 Neugeborene und Säuglinge in einem hyperammonämischen Koma im Rahmen von Stoffwechselerkrankungen mittels Hämodialyse oder Hämofiltration behandelt. Die Kasuistiken bestätigen die Effektivität und Komplikationsarmut beider Verfahren. Diskussion: In der Behandlung von lebensbedrohlichen Hyperammonämien bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen sind Hämodialysen und Hämofiltrationen die Behandlungsmethoden der Wahl. Die invasive Blutreinigung ist mit einer konsequenten diätetischen und medikamentösen Therapie zu optimieren. Der prognostische Nutzen einer effizienten Blutreinigung bei ausgeprägter Hyperammonämie rechtfertigt einen unverzüglichen Transport in das nächstgelegene pädiatrische Dialysezentrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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