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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: duodenal ulcer ; prostaglandin E2 ; gastric acid secretion ; gastrin ; trimethylprostaglandin E2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of varying oral doses of 11R, 16, 16-trimethyl prostaglandin E2 (TmPGE2) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentrations was studied in 10 male subjects with asymptomatic duodenal ulcer disease. A liquid protein meal was infused intragastrically 0.5 h and 3.5 h after drug administration. TmPGE2 inhibited gastric acid secretion in a dose dependent manner during the first meal and no significant effect was observed during the second meal. Except for the highest dose, no TmPGE2 was detected in plasma 3 h after drug administration. The degree of inhibition of meal-stimulated gastric acid was positively correlated with the plasma level of TmPGE2, but it was not due to inhibition of postprandial gastrin release. The results indicate that oral TmPGE2 inhibits meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion but not gastrin release in humans with asymptomatic duodenal ulcer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: mifentidine ; H2-antagonism ; pharmacokinetics ; half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight healthy men were each given single oral doses of mifentidine 20, 40 and 80 mg, a new H2-receptor antagonist, in a four-way, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, dose-proportionality study. No significant objective or subjective effects were noted. Mifentidine showed unusual pharmacokinetic behaviour, producing a significant secondary peak in the drug concentration profile. The plasma AUC of mifentidine increased linearly with dose (r=0.983). The apparent plasma clearance was 38.11·h−1, 31.01·h−1, and 47.41·h−1 for the 20, 40 and 80 mg doses, respectively, and the corresponding terminal plasma half-lives were 10.3 h, 12.0 h, and 8.6 h. About 20% of the parent drug was excreted in urine over 24 h. The renal clearance (9.41/h for 20 mg, 9.5 l/h for 40 mg, and 12.8 l/h for 80 mg mifentidine) indicates that some of the drug was excreted by active tubular secretion. The results indicate that mifentidine is safe after single oral doses up to 80 mg. The pharmacokinetics of the 20 and 40 mg doses were similar, but after 80 mg the total body and renal clearances were significantly greater than after the two lower doses. As the terminal plasma half-life of mifentidine is longer than of other available H2-receptor antagonists, it may have clinical implications for once-a-day therapy of peptic ulcer diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 525-525 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clebopride ; chemotherapy ; antiemetic agents ; benzamide ; nausea and vomiting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 8 (1960), S. 44-69 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The movements of the diaphragm were studied by fluoroscopy and tomography in 26 patients with cervical root disruption or operative transection, in which the level of the lesion could be precisely established neurologically and also, in some cases, by myelography and by biopsy. Our researches produced the following results: 1. A total or dissociated ipselateral diaphragmatic paralysis was apparent in all the patients who showed typical analgesia in the territory of the 4th cervical segment. 2. Whilst the 4th cervical root according to our observations usually constituted the cephalic portion of the phrenic fibres, root filaments from higher lying segments — very occasionally from the 3rd cervical segment— were shown to innervate the diaphragm. A constant segmental innervation of definite muscle territories does not exist. 3. The absence of diaphragmatic paralysis in root division from C5 downwards indicates either that this root seldom contributes to the nerve supply of the diaphragm, or that although there are nerve fibres present in these roots which are undoubtedly important to diaphragmatic functions the remaining innervated musculature can compensate for the resultant loss. The latter assumption is supported by the results of animal experiments. 4. The occurrence of segmental loss of sensation in the upper thorax which accompanies an ipselateral diaphragmatic paralysis must be regarded as a pathognomonic sign of damage to the C4 root — because of the pattern of the metameres. 5. Because of the variations in root contributions to the Phrenic nerve, bilateral rhizotomy of C1-C3 performed at one operation (which has hitherto been practised for example for Spastic Torticollis) ought not to be continued because dangerous Asphyxia can result from bilateral interruption of the outflow from the 3rd cervical segment when this segment innervates the diaphragm. It is recommended that in the first instance the 3rd cervical root on one side should be preserved. Afterwards, depending on the degree of loss of function of the diaphragm revealed by radiological means, the contralateral root can be divided, when appropriate, at a second operation.
    Abstract: Résumé Les mouvements du diaphragme ont été étudiés par fluoroscopie et tomographie chez 26 malades qui avaient des interruptions des racines cervicales opératoires et traumatiques, et chez lesquels le niveau de la lésion avait pu Être précisée du point de vue neurologique, mais aussi par myelographie et biopsie pour quelques uns. Nos recherches ont abouti aux résultats suivants: 1. Une paralysie diaphragmatique totale ou partielle du cÔté correspondant était visible chez tous les malades qui présentaient une analgésie typique dans le territoire du quatrième segment cervical. 2. Attendu que la quatrième racine cervicale d'après nos observations constitue généralement la portion céphalique du nerf phrénique, les radicules venant de segments situés plus haut et très fréquemment du troisième segment, furent découverts comme innervant le diaphragme. Une innervation segmentaire, constante, de territoires musculaires particuliers n'existe pas. 3. L'absence de paralysie diaphragmatique dans la section des racines situées au niveau de C5 et au dessous, indique ou que rarement cette racine contribue à la constitution du nerf innervant le diaphragme, ou que, bien qu'il y ait des fibres présentes dans ces racines qui aboutissent à la fonction diaphragmatique, l'innervation musculaire persistant compense cette perte. La dernière conception est appuyée par le résultat des expériences faites sur l'animal. 4. L'apparition d'une perte segmentaire des sensations dans la partie supérieure du thorax qui accompagne une paralysie homolatérale diaphragmatique peut Être représentée comme un signe pathognomonique de l'atteinte de la quatrième racine cervicale en raison de la disposition des métamères. 5. En raison des variations des racines qui contribuent à la constitution du nerf phrénique une radicotomie bilatérale de C1-C3 réalisée en une opération (ce qui a en effet été réalisé par exemple dans le torticolis spasmodique) ne doit pas Être faite en raison de l'asphyxie dangereuse qui peut résulter de l'interruption bilatérale de l'influx venu du troisième segment cervical, puisque ce segment innerve le diaphragme. Il est recommandé que dans cette première éventualité la troisième racine cervicale d'un cÔté soit conservée, après quoi suivant le degré de la perte de fonction du diaphragme, révélé par les moyens radiographiques, la racine contro-latérale peut Être sectionnée à une seconde opération.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 26 Patienten mit cervicalen Wurzelausrissen bzw. operativen Durchschneidungen, deren Höhenlokalisation neurologisch und zum Teil auch myelographisch und bioptisch mit Sicherheit bestimmt werden konnte, wurde mittels Durchleuchtung und Flächenkymographie die Zwerchfellfunktion geprüft. Unsere Untersuchungen führten zu folgendem Ergebnis: 1. Bei allen Verletzten, welche die für den Ausfall des 4. Cervicalsegments typische Analgesiezone zeigten, war eine totale oder dissoziierte, gleichseitige Zwerchfellparalyse nachweisbar. 2. Während die 4. Cervicalwurzel nach unseren Beobachtungen für gewöhnlich den Hauptanteil der Phrenicusfasern enthält, konnten auch Wurzelbezüge aus höher gelegenen Segmenten — sehr wahrscheinlich aus dem 3. Cervicalsegment — nachgewiesen werden, die den vorderen Zwerchfellabschnitt versorgen. Eine feste Segmentzugehörigkeit bestimmter Muskelbezirke bestand nicht. 3. Das Fehlen einer Zwerchfellähmung bei Wurzelausrissen von C5 an abwärts spricht entweder für eine seltene Mitbeteiligung dieser Wurzeln an der nervösen Versorgung des Diaphragma oder es sind die aus diesen Wurzeln stammenden Faserbezüge für die Zwerchfellfunktion von untergeordneter ⌆deutung; d. h. die intakte Muskulatur kann den dadurch bedingten Funktionsausfall kompensieren. Die letztere Annahme wird durch die Ergebnisse tierexperimenteller Untersuchungen gestützt. 4. Das gemeinsame Vorkommen der segmentären Sensibilitätsstörung im vorderen oberen Thoraxbereich mit einer gleichseitigen Zwerchfellähmung muß als pathognomonisches Zeichen für eine radikuläre C4-Schädigung im Sinne der Metamerielehre gewertet werden. 5. Wegen der variablen Wurzelbezüge des N. phrenicus sollte die vordere Rhizotomie C1-C3 beiderseits in einer Sitzung, wie sie bisher z. B. beim Torticollis spasticus geübt wurde, nicht durchgeführt werden, da der beiderseitige Ausfall des vom 3. Cervicalsegment versorgten vorderen Zwerchfellabschnitts zu einer lebensbedrohlichen Asphyxie führen kann. Zu empfehlen ist, die 3. Wurzel auf einer Seite zunächst zu erhalten. Nachdem man sich nach einseitiger Durchtrennung der 3. Cervicalwurzel röntgenologisch über den dadurch bedingten Funktionsausfall des Zwerchfells orientiert hat, kann — falls erforderlich — in einer zweiten Sitzung auch die gegenüberliegende Wurzel durchschnitten werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 597 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 657 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; diagnostic antibody ; expression in mammalian cells ; gene transfer
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 87 (1990), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; electroporation ; isoelectric focusing ; quantification of defined antibodies in complex mixtures
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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