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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of Fas and Fas ligand immunoreactivity after compression trauma to rat spinal cord (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Fas ; Fas ligand ; Rat ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This immunohistochemical study evaluated Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in the rat nervous system and their changes in the spinal cord subjected to compression. Normal spinal cord showed a low level of Fas and FasL immunoreactivity in the white matter except in the corticospinal tracts. Fas and FasL immunoreactivity seemed to be located in axons and their myelin sheaths. Other regions of the nervous system did not show immunoreactivity to Fas and FasL. Moderate and severe compression injury of the spinal cord resulted in a reduction of Fas and FasL immunoreactivity in the white matter of injured T8–9 segments at 4 h and a complete loss at 1 day after trauma. This was seen even in the remaining white matter. In contrast, increased immunoreactivity to Fas and FasL was present in the cranial T7, caudal T10 (moderate injury) and T12 (severe injury) segments at day 4 with most intense staining were seen at day 9 after trauma. Increased Fas and FasL immunoreactivity may have pathophysiological implications for the development of secondary injuries after trauma to the spinal cord. Fas-FasL interactions may for instance be involved in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes which occurs as a delayed phenomenon after trauma to the spinal cord. The integrity of myelin sheaths may in this way be jeopardized by apoptosis of oligodendrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051195
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A time-resolved hot-wire shear stress probe for turbulent flow: use of laminar flow calibration (1994)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 17 (1994), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A specially-designed rotating rig for producing near Couette flow was used in the calibration of a marginally elevated hot-wire shear stress probe. The probe was then used for measurements in both the turbulent boundary layer and pipe flows. Results showed that the mean wall shear stress can be accurately predicted and the near wall statistical quantities of intensity, skewness and flatness of shear stress fluctuations concurred well with previous works, thereby supporting the notion of a time-resolved shear stress probe for turbulent flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02412806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A closure-approximation calculation of a pion double-charge-exchange reaction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 99 (1981), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(81)91107-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Su"3 Group classification for the energy spectrum and production probabilities of "Λ^1^3C
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 108 (1982), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(82)91188-1
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of imperfect spatial resolution on turbulence measurements in the very near-wall viscous sublayer region (1997)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 22 (1997), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Experiments were carried out to study the effects of imperfect spatial resolution on turbulence measurements in the very near-wall region using hot wires of different lengths, l + (in wall units). Previous works have indicated that the distributions of the longitudinal velocity rms value, skewness and flatness factors are independent of l + in the buffer region and beyond provided l +〈20–25. Our results obtained using l +=3, 6, and 22 in the viscous sublayer region show that generally the said distributions are dependent on l + and attentuate in magnitude with increasing l +. Further experiments were also carried out at different Reynolds numbers (Re c , based on centerline velocity and channel’s height) but with measurements made using hot wire of the same l +. The latter shows that the rms value and other higher order moments of longitudinal velocity fluctuations are independent of Re c , thereby extending similar findings by Johansson and Alfredsson (1983), valid in the buffer region into the viscous sublayer region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050055
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of ubiquitin-like immunoreactivity in axons after compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1996), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway is an important mode of protein degradation in various tissues. Since breakdown of proteins may occur in axons after injury we evaluated the presence of ubiquitin-like immunoreactive material in rat spinal cord following compression injury of mild, moderate and severe degrees at T8–9 level, resulting in no neurological deficit, reversible paraparesis and paraplegia of the hind limbs, respectively. Rats with mild to severe compression injury surviving 1–4 days showed numerous, intensely immunoreactive expanded axons at the site of compression. The labelled axons were randomly distributed in the longitudinal tracts but they were never found in the corticospinal tracts. No labelling was detected by 9 days after injury. In addition, the presence of labelled axons was investigated in the T7 and the T10 segments from rats with moderate compression. No labelling was seen in T7, but in T10 segments many immunoreactive axons were present. Control rats did not show immunoreactive axons in the spinal cord. Neurons of dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia and of the grey matter of the spinal cord were immunoreactive. Cerebral cortical neurons did not show ubiquitin expression. Thus, compression of the rat spinal cord causes a transient accumulation of ubiquitin-like immunoreactive material in axonal swellings. Even though the dynamics of ubiquitin conjugates are not fully understood, the observed axonal accumulation presumably reflects arrested anterograde axonal transport of protein chiefly derived from neurons of dorsal root ganglia and the local neurons of the spinal cord. The presence of ubiquitin in damaged axons is one prerequisite for degradation of abnormal proteins by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway, which may be activated in reactive axonal swellings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of growth-associated protein 43 immunoreactivity in axons following compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Growth-associated protein 43 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) is one compound used to indicate growth of axonal endings during development and regeneration, particularly of peripheral neurons. Using immunohistochemistry, we have studied the expression of GAP43 in the spinal cord of rats subjected to mild, moderate or severe compression injury and used neurofilament immunostaining to demonstrate axonal injuries. Samples removed from the compressed T8–9, the cranial T7 and the caudal T10 segments were studied at 4 h, 24 h, 4 days and 9 days after injury. Control rats showed a moderate immunostaining of neurons in dorsal root ganglia, weak staining of ventral motor neurons and, with the exception of the corticospinal tracts, a weak staining in some axons of the longitudinal tracts of the cord. Injury in the compressed region led to increased GAP43 immunoreactivity in axons of normal and expanded size. This occurred particularly 1–4 days after injury and normalized 9 days thereafter. More marked immunostaining was present in the cranial and caudal segments. The corticospinal tracts never showed such staining. The increase of GAP43 immunostaining is presumably caused by disturbed axonal transport from neurons with the capacity to synthesize and transport the GAP43 antigen. Transported material may thus be available for regeneration of axons, but this source of material may vary between different classes of axons within the cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050484
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin in axons after spinal cord trauma in humans: immunohistochemical observations on autopsy material (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key wordsβ-Amyloid precursor protein ; Ubiquitin ; Human ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated by immunohistochemistry the presence of β-amyloid precursor protein (ßAPP) and ubiquitin-like material which may accumulate in axons of the human spinal cord subjected to injury. Autopsy material was obtained from nine cases with different types of trauma: breech delivery with neonatal spinal injury, compression of the cord induced by fractures of the vertebral column, haematomas or intradural meningioma. The post-trauma period ranged from 10 days to several years. The spinal cord of six control cases without evidence of injury presented βAPP immunoreactivity in nerve cell bodies and in a few axonal profiles but not in dendrites. Seven of the nine cases with spinal cord trauma showed an accumulation of βAPP-immunoreactive material in axons of the longitudinal tracts at the site of the injury. Five cases presented similar axonal immunoreactivity in the grey matter of the cord. Ubiquitin-like immunoreactivity was present in expanded axons in cases with spinal cord injury. Cases with spinal cord trauma thus present βAPP-immunoreactive axons particularly of the longitudinal tracts in the same way as in trauma to rat spinal cord and in various brain injuries. The aggregation of βAPP-immunoreactive material indicates disturbed axonal transport of βAPP. Accumulation of ubiquitin-like immunoreactive material in expanded axons at the site of trauma may be one prerequisite for degradation of abnormal proteins by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050488
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear parton distribution functions and energy-loss effect in the Drell-Yan reaction off nuclei (2005)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 39 (2005), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The energy-loss effect in nuclear matter is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering process. The quark energy loss can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of two typical kinds of quark energy-loss parametrization and the different sets of nuclear parton distribution functions, we present an analysis of the E866 experiments on the nuclear dependence of Drell-Yan lepton pair production resulting from the bombardment of Be, Fe and W targets by 800 GeV protons at Fermilab. It is found that the quark energy loss in cold nuclei is strongly dependent on the used nuclear parton distribution functions. The further prospects of using relatively low energy protons incident on nuclear targets are presented by combining the quark energy-loss rate determined from a fit to the E866 nuclear-dependent ratios versus x 1, with the nuclear parton distribution functions given from lA deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data. The experimental study of the relatively low energy nuclear Drell-Yan process can give valuable insight in the energy loss of the fast quark propagating through cold nuclei and help to pin down nuclear parton distribution functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-02074-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes occurs for long distances away from the primary injury after compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Apoptosis ; Myelin degeneration ; Oligodendrocytes ; Spinal cord ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated by in situ nick end labeling the presence of apoptotic glial cells in the spinal cord of rats which have sustained a moderate and severe compression injury at the level of T8–9, resulting in a severe but reversible paraparesis and irreversible paraplegia, respectively. In a previous investigation we found apoptotic glial cells (oligodendrocytes) in the immediate vicinity of the primary lesion (T7 and T10). The present study was designed to evaluate the extent of such cells in the spinal cord even at long distances away from the primary injury. Rats sustaining a moderate and severe compression injury and surviving 4 and 9 days showed a significant increase in the number of apoptotic glial cells at the T1, T5, T7, T12 and L2 levels. At the T10 level the elevation was significant only after day 9. There was no significant increase in the number of these cells at 4 h and 1 day after moderate and severe compression. In general, the apoptotic cells were most often seen in segments adjacent to the compression. They were randomly located in the ventral, lateral and dorsal tracts but were rarely present in the gray matter of the cord. In conclusion, compression trauma to rat spinal cord induces signs of apoptosis in glial cells, presumably oligodendrocytes of the long tracts. This newly discovered type of secondary injury is widely distributed in the damaged spinal cord and occurs even at long distances remote from the initial compression injury. Apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes will induce myelin degeneration and cause additional disturbances of axonal function. This cell damage may be a target for future therapy since it occurs after a delay and chemical compounds are now available by which apoptotic cell death can be modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051112
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