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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Better bioactive ceramics through sol-gel process (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 797-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica gel ; titania gel ; calcium phosphate ; bioactive materials ; precipitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bioactive glasses and glass ceramics need to be capable of growing a calcium phosphate layer at their surfaces in physiological environment in order to bond with living bone. Sol-gel prepared silica (silica gel) and titania (titania gel) are efficient calcium phosphate absorbents. Both gels extract calcium and phosphate from surrounding physiological and other calcium phosphate solutions and form a calcium phosphate at their surfaces in return. Thus, they can integrate with bone. Under the same condition, however, silica and titania, as both prepared through a conventional high temperature process, are unable to transfer calcium and phosphate from the solutions to obtain a calcium phosphate at their surfaces. Therefore, it is concluded that using inorganic or metal organic precursors, sol-gel process can yield bioactive materials with a high bioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00486353
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-biological apatite film induced by titanium in a simulated body fluid (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: apatite ; titanium ; biomimetic coating ; bioactivity ; bioactive surface ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Commercially pure titanium (c.p.Ti) is capable of inducing the formation of a carbonated apatite onto its surface in a simulated body fluid (SBF) comprised of calcium ions, phosphate ions, and other inorganic species present in the body fluid. In addition to the incorporation of carbonate ions, such formed apatite has other important characteristics of the bone mineral phase, such as a small crystal size and ionic substitution by Mg2+ and Cl-. Thus, we call this apatite a quasi-biological apatite. The formation of the quasi-biological apatite is proposed to be related to TiOH groups that develop on the titanium surface through interaction with the SBF. The results suggest that titanium implants may be activated such that they can form a strong bond with bone tissue through the in vivo formation of apatite. Since the solution can reach any open space, the process discussed in this study is very suitable for coating porous titanium implants with a quasi-biological apatite film. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 341-348, 1998.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium phosphate formation within sol-gel prepared titania in vitro and in vivo (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1495-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Calcium phosphate formation is induced within sol-gel prepared titania and grows toward a calcium phosphate solution in which the titania is immersed. The implantation of this sol-gel prepared titania film coating on TiA16V4 core into the femurs of goats shows an accumulation of calcium phosphate within the titania film 12 weeks postoperatively, which leads to the connection of the titania film coating to the bone. Therefore, sol-gel prepared titania is probably bioactive. The results indicate that hydrated titania gel is able to generate calcium phosphate by intake of calcium and phosphate from the surrounding solution. Sufficient TiOH concentration at the titania surface is needed to start this process. Titanium could be bioactive, if its hydrolysis can be accelerated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820271205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo calcium phosphate formation induced by sol - gel-prepared silica (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Implantation with plugs made of a porous sol-gel-prepared silica into the femurs of goats demonstrated that a calcium phosphate was formed both on the silica plugs and within the pores inside the silica plugs 12 weeks postoperatively. This observation indicates that a highly hydrated silica surface is effectively catalytic for calcium phosphate nucleation. Calcification can be triggered in physiologic solution under stimulation of the silica gel. A high level of silicon in the uncalcified osteoid region of young bone is thus thought to provide a number of SiOH groups for initiating calcium phosphate formation. Our results provide some information about the mechanism of calcium phosphate mineralization in higher animals. We believe that heterogeneous nucleation of apatite can be induced from metastable calcium phosphate solutions including physiologic fluids on those specific surfaces of materials, where there are abundant acidic OH groups. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hydrated silica, titania, and alumina in inducing apatite on implants (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 28 (1994), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Pure soluble silica prepared by a sol-gel method induced bone-like hydroxyapatite formation onto its surface when the silica was immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF), whereas silica glass and quartz did not. This finding directly supports the hypothesis that hydrated silica plays an important role in biologically active hydroxyapatite formation on the surfaces of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, which leads to bone-bonding. Gel-derived titania is also a hydroxyapatite inducer because of its abundant TiOH groups. These results provide further insight into the unique osseointegration of titanium and its alloys. It is suspected that gel-derived titania develops an apatite layer by taking calcium and phosphate from the body fluid, thus producing bonebonding. Although sufficient AlOH groups may remain in the alumina gel, they do not serve to initiate apatite generation when immersed in SBF. This phenomenon explains the fact that an intermediate fibrous tissue is usually found to separate the alumina implant from bone. One may infer that both abundant OH groups and negatively charged surfaces of gel-derived silica and titania are important for hydroxyapatite induction. Material which possesses and / or develops both a negatively charged surface and abundant OH groups in a physiologically-related fluid is most likely to be an efficient apatite inducer. Such materials are suitable candidates to serve as bone-bonding biomaterials. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820280103
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