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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNase I hypersensitive sites in promoter elements associated with basal and vitamin D dependent transcription of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 33 (1994), S. 348-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00167a045
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of irradiation-induced amorphizaton of Gd2Ti2O7 (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1989-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radiation-induced evolution of the microstructure of Gd2Ti2O7, an important pyrochlore phase in radioactive waste disposal ceramics and a potential solid electrolyte and oxygen gas sensor, has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Following the irradiation of a Gd2Ti2O7 single crystal with 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions at a fluence of 1.7×1014 Xe+/cm2, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed a 300-nm-thick amorphous layer at the specimen surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the Ti 2p and O 1s electron binding energy shifts of Gd2Ti2O7 before and after amorphization showed that the main results of ion-irradiation-induced disorder are a decrease in the coordination number of titanium and a transformation of the Gd–O bond. These features resemble those occurring in titanate glass formation, and they have implications for the chemical stability and electronic properties of pyrochlores subjected to displacive radiation damage. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1402647
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ablation plasma ion implantation experiments: Measurement of Fe implantation into Si (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3785-3787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments have been performed demonstrating the feasibility of direct implantation of laser-ablated metal ions into a substrate. Initial experiments implanted iron ions into silicon substrates at pulsed, bias voltages up to negative 10 kV. Implantation of Fe ions into Si was confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 7.6 nm depth of damage layers below the Si surface is slightly less than predicted by code calculations for a maximum, effective ion energy of about 8 keV. The ion depth of penetration is limited by the overlying Fe film as well as the slow rise and fall of the voltage. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of YBCO Films on CeO2-Buffered (001) YSZ Substrates by a Non-Fluorine MOD Method (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films were fabricated via a fluorine-free metal organic deposition (MOD) method followed by high-temperature, low oxygen partial pressure annealing. Trimethyl acetate salts of copper, yttrium, and barium hydroxide were used as the precursors, which were dissolved in proponic acid- and amine-based solvents. After spin-coating and burnout, samples were annealed at 740°C in 180 ppm oxygen partial pressure and exposed to humid atmosphere for different times. A critical transition temperature, Tc(R=0) of 90.2 K and a transport critical current density (Jc) of 0.55 MA/cm2 (77 K and self-field) were obtained for 0.2 μm YBCO films on CeO2-buffered yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates. X-ray studies shows that the YBCO films have sharp in-plane and out-of-plane texture for all samples; however, the porosity of the YBCO film varies with the time of exposure to the humid atmosphere. A reaction between YBCO and CeO2 during the high-temperature anneals and formation of the reaction product BaCeO3 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD and transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the epitaxial relations in the film were YBCO (00l)//CeO2 (00l)//YSZ (00l) and YBCO [100]//CeO2 [110]//YSZ [110].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01669.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new type of Zeeman-effect atomic-absorption spectrophotometer
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Talanta 34 (1987), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-9140
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0039-9140(87)80223-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responsiveness of gene expression markers of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity to calcitonin in the appendicular and axial skeleton of the rat in vivo (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Collagen ; Osteocalcin ; Bone mineral density ; Skeletal heterogeneity ; TRAP ; Cell proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that calcitonin (CT), an inhibitor of bone resorption, increases vertebral, but not femoral bone density in the rat [3]. To address the physiologic responses associated with these effects on bone mineral density (BMD), we assessed mRNA transcripts reflecting activities of osteoblasts (type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase), osteoclasts [tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)], and cell proliferation (histone H4) in the spine and femur of these rats. CT increased spine BMD while increasing type I collagen and decreasing TRAP and histone mRNAs. In the femur, where CT had no effect on BMD, it decreased type I collagen and histone H4 mRNA but did not affect TRAP. CT had no effect on the gene expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, or alkaline phosphatase at either site. The results indicate that selective alterations in gene expression, as reflected by steady state mRNA levels, are consistent with the changes observed by BMD measurement, and can more clearly define the specific contribution from osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This study demonstrates a heterogeneity in response of the axial and appendicular skeleton to CT, reflected by alterations in gene expression that provide a basis for understanding the observed BMD responses to various pharmacologic interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of phosphoprotein gene expression in three osteopetrotic rat mutations: Elevated mrna transcripts, protein synthesis, and accumulation in bone of mutant animals (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 158 (1994), S. 110-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Osteoclast abnormalities that characterize osteopetrosis, a disorder of bone resorption, may derive from aberrant signals from the osteoblast or the bone matrix. In the present studies, both synthesis and the bone matrix content of the major bone phosphoprotein component, osteopontin, were found to be elevated in three osteopetrotic rat mutations (ia, op, and tl). In whole bone, a twofold increase in the content of the characteristic amino acid O-phosphoserine for osteopontin occurred in op and tl mutant long bone, but a smaller (15%) and more variable increase was observed in ia mutant rat long bone. Extraction of the bone matrix components and partial purification by reverse phase chromatography showed a twofold increase in a phosphoprotein fraction relative to other noncollagenous components. Amino acid analysis and staining characteristics of SDS-PAGE fractionated proteins indicated this to be osteopontin. Organ cultures of calvarial bone from 4 day ia osteopetrotic mutant and normal rats in the presence of 3H-proline showed increased synthesis of this 60 kD protein, which was stimulated by vitamin D. Preparation of total cellular RNA from bone of 2- and 6-weekold mutants and normal rats supported increased synthesis of osteopontin as reflected by hybridization with osteopontin cDNA probe, showing significantly higher levels of mRNA transcripts in ia (3-5 fold), tl (1.4-2 fold), and op (6-25 fold) mutant bone compared to normal littermates. The changes in osteopontin mRNA levels in mutant bone were also examined in relation to other growth and phenotype-expressed genes. The findings of increased accumulation of osteopontin in osteopetrotic bone and increased synthesis by osteoblasts are interesting in light of the previously reported decrease in bone osteocalcin content (Endocrinology, 126:966, 1990), confirmed here by decreased osteocalcin mRNA transcripts. Such aberrations in the composition of skeletal extracellular matrix could be a reflection of or a contributing factor to the osteoclast abnormalities of some of these osteopetrotic disorders. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041580114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors that promote progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype in cultured fetal rat calvaria cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 143 (1990), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat calvaria osteoblasts derived from 21-day-old fetal rat pups undergo a temporal expression of markers of the osteoblast phenotype during a 5 week culture period. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin are sequentially expressed in relation to collagen accumulation and mineralization. This pattern of expression of these osteoblast parameters in cultured rat osteoblasts (ROB) is analogous to that seen in vivo in developing fetal rat calvaria tissue (Yoon et. al: Biochem. Biophis. Res. Commun. 148:1129, 1987) and is similar to that observed in cultures of subcultivated 16-day-old embryonic chick calvaria-derived osteoblasts (COB) (Gerstenfeld, et. al: Dev. Biol. 122:46, 1987). While the cellular organization of subcultivated COB and primary ROB cultures are somewhat different, the temporal expression of the parameters remains. Both the rat and chick culture systems support formation of matrix mineralization even in the absence of β-glycerol-phosphate. A systematic examination of factors which constitute conditions supporting complete expression of the osteoblast phenotype in ROB cultures indicate requirements for specific serum lots, ascorbic acid and the ordered deposition of mineral in the extracellular matrix. The present studies suggest that formation of a collagenous matrix, dependent on ascorbic acid, is requisite for expression of the osteoblast phenotype. In ROB cultures, expression of osteocalcin synthesis occurs subsequent to initiation of alkaline phosphatase activity and accompanies the formation of mineralized nodules. Thus, extracellular matrix mineralization (deposition of hydroxyapatite) is required for complete development of the osteoblast phenotype, as reflected by a 200-fold increase in osteocalcin synthesis. These data show the temporal expression of the various osteoblast parameters during the formation and mineralization of an extracellular matrix can provide markers reflective of various stages of osteoblast differentiation/maturation in vitro.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041430203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptionally active nuclei isolated from intact bone reflect modified levels of gene expression in skeletal development and pathology (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 55 (1994), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: rat bone transcription ; rat bone transcription factors ; osteopetrotic bone transcription ; osteocalcin transcription ; collagen transcription ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in vivo in bone, associated with normal development or skeletal disorders, to date, has not been studied. We report the successful isolation of nuclei that are transcriptionally active from normal and osteopetrotic rat bone. Transcription rates of cell growth and bone-related genes (including histone H4, c-fos, c-jun, TGFβ1, β2 macroglobulin, collagen, fibronectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and tartrate resistent acid phosphatase) change as a function of calvarial development from birth to 6 weeks and are selectively modified in osteopetrotic animals. Additionally, nuclei isolated from intact bone yield promoter binding factors. Bone nuclei, which transcribe faithfully and contain the normal complement of nuclear protein factors, offer a powerful approach for investigating in vivo gene regulation in skeletal development and pathology. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240550205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in vitamin D receptor transcription factor complexes associated with the osteocalcin gene vitamin D responsive element in osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 55 (1994), S. 218-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: osteosarcoma cells ; osteocalcin gene ; osteoblasts ; vitamin D response element (VDRE) ; transcription factor complexes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vitamin D responsive transcription of the bone-specific osteocalcin gene differs markedly in osteosarcoma cells and normal diploid osteoblasts. In osteoblasts the osteocalcin gene is transcribed, and upregulated by Vitamin D, only in post-proliferative cells, but in osteosarcoma cells expression is constitutive. This distinction in transcriptional regulation of the osteocalcin gene correlates with striking differences in the relative representation of two principal Vitamin D-dependent protein/DNA complexes designated V1 and V2 at the Vitamin D responsive element in the osteocalcin promoter. Formation of both complexes is Vitamin D dependent and they contain the Vitamin D receptor as well as an RXR related protein. Pore size exclusion and sedimentation velocity analyses suggest that the V1 and V2 complexes represent oligomeric protein assemblies (respectively, tetramers and trimers), and reflect primarily DNA-directed association of the monomeric protein components at the osteocalcin Vitamin D responsive element. UV crosslinking and methylation interference analyses of the V1 and V2 complexes at the osteocalcin Vitamin D responsive element indicate differences in protein/DNA recognition. For example, the V1 complex interacts with both steroid half-elements, whereas the V2 complex appears to recognize the proximal half-element. Our findings suggest variations in protein/protein and protein/DNA interactions of the VDR and RXR related complexes V1 and V2 at the osteocalcin Vitamin D responsive element that reflect unique properties of the osteosarcoma and normal diploid osteoblast phenotype. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240550209
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