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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 839-853 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Pulsed transverse electric (TE) glow discharges used to produce population inversions in gas lasers at 1–20 atm require high-speed, high-voltage, high-current capacitor banks. In this article we first review and compare the circuits in common use to produce the required fast, self-sustained glow discharges in CO2, excimer, and N2 lasers. The parameters and circuit types given will be useful to future designers of pulsed gas lasers to design and to optimize any proposed circuit in order to yield any desired operating conditions and parameters. The n-stage circuit types presented are capacitor-transfer (C-C), L-C inversion, Marx bank, and fourfold L-C inversion, with their double-sided counterparts, and also their transmission-line counterparts, such as the Blumlein circuit. A one-parameter differential equation is developed which describes the general series C-L-R circuit. Electrical pulses measured on various lasers are compared with the differential equation solutions for various bank impedances and load resistances. We then present the design and measurements of a new automatically preionized, double-sided, L-C inversion circuit for an 800-mJ, TE CO2 laser, and compare it to previous systems. Methods to lengthen the discharge pulse, and some novel active mode locking techniques are discussed. We compare the L-C inversion circuit, the fourfold L-C inversion circuit, the conventional Marx bank, and the "double Marx bank'' for lasers and other applications, such as pulsed particle accelerators. Finally, we discuss capacitor bank interconnections, electro-optic probe systems, and various triggering methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 8 (1970), S. 231-258 
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 13 (1957), S. 165-167 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 8 (1970), S. 210-212 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 11 (1953), S. 190-198 
    ISSN: 0006-3002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 1 (1967), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Aufbau von Hoftüpfeln in den Früh- und Spätholztracheiden vonAlbies alba, Picea abies, Pinus silvestris undThuja occidentalis wurde hinsichtlich des Verhaltens beim Schließen der Tüpfel, sowohl mikroskopisch als auch mit Hilfe von Permeabilitätsstudien untersucht. 1. Das Ansaugen der Tüpfelmembran erfolgt durch Adäsion zwischen der Kapillarflüssigkeit und der von ihr berührten Tüpfelschließhaut während des Flüssigkeitsaustritts. 2. Bei den Hoftüpfeln der Frühholztracheiden von Pinaceen muß die Oberflächenspannung der Kapillarflüssigkeit mindestens 26 dyn/cm betragen, um einen Tüpfelverschluß herbeiführen zu können. Die Tüpfel von Spätholztracheiden zeigten aufgrund ihres unterschiedlichen anatomischen Aufbaus ein verschiedenes Verhalten. Hier bestehen sowohl innerhalb derselben Holzart als auch zwischen den Holzarten deutliche Unterschiede. 3. FürThuja occidentalis konnte kein deutlich abgegrenzter Bereich für die Oberflächenspannung beim Tüpfelverschluß ermittelt werden. Die Tüpfel besitzen in Frühholz- wie in Spätholztracheiden eine ähnliche Membran. 4. Während bei den Pinaceen der Tüpfelverschluß in luftgetrockneten Proben einen weiteren Flüssigkeitsdurchtritt verhindert, bleiben die Tüpfel inThuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) durchlässig. 5. InPinus silvestris besitzen die Markstrahltracheiden im allgemeinen Tüpfel mit linsenförmigen Tori, die während des Trocknens meist geöffnet bleiben, ebenso wie die entsprechenden Tüpfel in den Spätholztracheiden dieser Holzart.
    Notes: Summary The structure of bordered pits in springwood and summerwood tracheids ofAbies alba, Picea abies, Pinus silvestris andThuja occidentalis has been investigated in relation to their behaviour during pit closure microscopically as well as by penetrability studies. 1. The aspiration of the pit membrane takes place due to the adhesion forces between the capillary liquid and the connecting pit membrane existing during withdrawal of the liquid. 2. For bordered pits in springwood tracheids of Pinaceae, the surface tension of the capillary liquid must be at least 26 dynes/cm, in order to effect pit closure. Pits in latewood tracheids showed a different behaviour due to their different anatomical structure. Hereby, distinct variations exist within one and the same species and between various species. 3. ForThuja occidentalis no distinct range of surface tension for pit closure could be obtained. The pits in springwood as well as in summerwood tracheids have a similar pit membrane. 4. Whereas in Pinaceae the pit closure hinders further penetrability of air-dried specimens, inThuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) the pits remain permeable. 5. InPinus silvestris, the ray tracheids, in general, possess pits with lens-shaped tori, which remain mostly open during seasoning, just as the corresponding pit types in the summerwood tracheids of the same species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 10 (1976), S. 231-246 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The thick-walled bamboo fibres exhibit a polylamellate structure with alternating broad and narrow lamellae. Characteristically the cellulose fibrils in the broad lamellae are oriented almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fibre (2–20°), whereby there is a gradual but only slight increase in the angle from middle lamella to lumen. The narrow lamellae consist of fibrils oriented almost perpendicular to the cell axis (85–90°); this angle remains constant in all the successive narrow lamellae. The concentration of lignin is higher in the narrow lamellae than in the broad ones. Xylan seems to occur in a higher concentration in the narrow lamellae. The pits between the fibres are bordered. The results are discussed in relation to earlier data on wall structure and development. A model for the thick-walled bamboo fibre is presented with a new terminology for the various lamellae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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