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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-1β mRNA in rat brain following transient forebrain ischemia (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Cytokines ; In situ hybridization ; Microglia ; Astrocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-1β mRNA expression were studied in rat brains after 30 min of global ischemia by in situ hybridization. Ischemia was produced by four-vessel occlusion followed by different recirculation times ranging between 15 min and 7 days. TGF-β1 mRNA could first be detected 3 days after ischemia in the hippocampus, in layers II/III of cortex, in the striatum and in parts of the ventral thalamus. At 7 days after recirculation a prominent increase in TGF-β1 mRNA was observed in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus. Induction of interleukin-1β mRNA, however, was less marked and limited to the rostral striatum 3 and 7 days after ischemia. TGF-β1 expression 7 days after ischemia correlated well with the histological localization of regions where neuronal degeneration and subsequent astrocytic and microglial activation had occurred. In adjacent brain sections, the distribution of TGF-β1 mRNA after 7 days closely resembled that of the immunostaining pattern of activated microglia, indicating that at this time point TGF-β1 mRNA was mainly produced by microglial cells. The late induction of TGF-β1 mRNA after ischemia points to an involvement in the persistent glial response rather than the initial glial activation. The differential pattern of interleukin-1β mRNA induction indicates regional variations of cytokine production after ischemic brain lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228578
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of X-Irradiation on Proximal Nerve Stump Reaction after Nerve Crush and Axonal Regeneration (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 633 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15664.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve Growth Factor Regulates Expression of the Nerve Growth Factor Receptor Gene in Adult Sensory Neurons (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 2 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sensory neurons of the adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) can be maintained in culture in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF). We have thus used dissociated cultures of these neurons to study effects of NGF on the regulation of expression of mRNA encoding the nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R). In the absence of NGF, levels of NGF-R mRNA remained constant for 7 days in cultures of adult rat DRG neurons. In the presence of NGF, NGF-R mRNA levels rose two - three-fold after 2 days, reaching plateau levels (five - six-fold elevation) after 5 days. This NGF-induced up-regulation could be demonstrated even after prior NGF-deprivation for 3–4 days. NGF had no effect upon NGF-R mRNA levels in DRG non-neuronal cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were without effect on NGF-R mRNA levels, but 8-bromo-cAMP decreased NGF-R mRNA levels by 65% after 2 days. NGF also induced a rapid (30 min) rise in expression of c-fos in DRG neurons, but not in non-neuronal cells. Our results suggest that endogenous levels of NGF may regulate the expression of NGF-R in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1990.tb00431.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain derived neurotrophic factor and insulin like growth factor-1 attenuate upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and cell injury following trauma to the spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Brain derived neurotrophic factor ; Insulin like growth factor-1 ; Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Cell injury ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF) induced neuroprotectivn is influenced by mechanisms involving nitric oxide was examined in a rat model of focal spinal cord injury. BDNF or IGF-I (0.1 μg/10 [1 in phosphate buffer saline) was applied topically 30 min before injury on the exposed spinal cord followed by repeated doses of growth factors immediately before and 30 min after injury. Thereafter application of BDNF or IGF was carried out at every 1 h interval until sacrifice. Five hours after injury, the tissue pieces from the T9 segment were processed for nNOS immunostaining, edema and cell injury. Untreated injured rats showed a profound upregulation of nNOS which was most pronounced in the nerve cells of the ipsilateral side. A marked increase in the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability to125I-albumin, water content and cell injury in these perifocal segments was also found. Pretreatment with BDNF and IGF significantly reduced the upregulation of nNOS in the spinal cord. This effect of the growth factors was most pronounced in the contralateral side. Rats treated with these neurotrophic factors showed much less signs of BSCB damage, edema and cell injury. These results suggest that BDNF and IGF pretreatment is neuroprotective in spinal cord injury and that these neurotrophic factors have the capacity to down regulate nNOS expression following trauma to the spinal cord. Our data provide new experimental evidences which suggest that BDNF and IGF may exert their potential neuroprotective effects probably via regulation of NOS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning, expression and regional distribution of rat ciliary neurotrophic factor (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 342 (1989), S. 920-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CNTF was purified from adult rat sciatic nerve as described previously5, using an additional HPLC purification step (for details see legend to Table 1). The amino-acid sequences of the various fragments determined by gas-phase microsequencing represented more than 50% of the protein. The peptide ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342920a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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