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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of clozapine in chronic schizophrenic patients (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clozapine ; schizophrenics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical pharmacokinetics of clozapine, an atypical neuroleptic, was evaluated in 10 chronic schizophrenic male patients after intravenous and oral administration. The mean equilibrium-state concentration ratio between blood and plasma was experimentally determined to be 0.87. The average values for blood clearance, hepatic extraction ratio and oral bioavailability were 250 ml/min, 0.2 and 0.27, respectively. Plasma concentration peaked on average at 3 h. The mean volume of distribution at steady-state and the terminal half-life was 1.6 l/kg and 10.3 h, respectively. A large fraction of the dose is most probably metabolized by some extrahepatic presystemic routes. The large inter-individual variability in the bioavailability and clearance is probably the main reason for large variation in the steady-state plasma level in patients receiving the same oral dosage regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046700
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Radiative Recombination in Irradiated GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Wells (1995)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 196-201 (Nov. 1995), p. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.196-201.449.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of preexercise stretching on muscular soreness, tenderness and force loss following heavy eccentric exercise (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The present study sought to investigate the effects of preexercise stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), i.e. soreness, tenderness and loss of muscle force, that usually occurs after strenuous or unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Ten female volunteers performed 10 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions for knee flexion with both legs after a 5-min ergometer cycling warm-up. Prior to the exercise for one leg, randomly chosen, 4×20 s of static stretching for the hamstring muscle group was implemented. Rated soreness, tenderness on algometer pressure and loss of maximal eccentric contractile force was evaluated preexercise and 24, 48 and 96 h postexercise. The exercise bout produced severe DOMS, with parameters peaking and troughing at 48 h postexercise. However, no significant differences were found, regarding any of the parameters, when comparing stretched and nonstretched legs. The present study thus suggests that preexercise static stretching has no preventive effect on the muscular soreness, tenderness and force loss that follows heavy eccentric exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00237.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SUBNORMAL CSF LEVELS OF NEUROTENSIN IN A SUBGROUP OF SCHIZOPHRENICS AND NORMALIZATION AFTER NEUROLEPTIC TREATMENT (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 400 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb31600.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Considerations on the use of video playbacks as visual stimuli: the Lisbon workshop consensus (2000)
    Springer
    Acta ethologica 3 (2000), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9546
    Keywords: Key words Visual communication ; Experimental design ; Vision ; Motion ; Color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper is the consensus of a workshop that critically evaluated the utility and problems of video playbacks as stimuli in studies of visual behavior. We suggest that video playback is probably suitable for studying motion, shape, texture, size, and brightness. Studying color is problematic because video systems are specifically designed for humans. Any difference in color perception must lead to a different color sensation in most animals. Another potentially problematic limitation of video images is that they lack depth cues derived from stereopsis, accommodation, and motion parallax. Nonetheless, when used appropriately, video playback allows an unprecedented range of questions in visual communication to be addressed. It is important to note that most of the potential limitations of video playback are not unique to this technique but are relevant to all studies of visual signaling in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102110000019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naloxone-induced reversal of schizophrenic hallucinations (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 40 (1977), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a single-blind pilot study 0.4 mg naloxone i.v. was found temporarily to reduce or abolish auditory hallucinations in four cases of chronic schizophrenia whereas saline was without effect. In one of these patients there was a similar reversal also of her visual hallucinations. Two additional cases who denied hearing voices before the injections, reported no subjective effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250276
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of central nervous dopamine-D2 and 5-HT2 receptor blockade and plasma drug concentrations after discontinuation of quetiapine (Seroquel®) in patients with schizophrenia (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 135 (1998), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words PET ; Pharmacokinetics ; Dopamine D2 receptor ; Serotonin 5HT2 receptor ; Atypical antipsychotic ; Quetiapine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Quetiapine (Seroquel) is a novel antipsychotic with an atypical profile in animal models and a relatively short plasma half-life of 2.5–5 h. In the present study, we used PET to compare the time course of blockade of dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT2 receptors of quetiapine using C11-raclopride and C11-N-methyl-spiperone as ligands, parallel to monitoring plasma drug concentrations. It was an open study in 11 schizophrenic men using a fixed dose of 450 mg quetiapine. Eight men completed the 29 days treatment, followed by four PET scans performed over a 26-h period after withdrawal of the compound. Quetiapine was shown to bind to dopamine D2 receptors in striatum and 2 h (tmax) after the last dose, 44% receptor occupancy was calculated. After 26 h it had dropped to the same level as was found in untreated healthy volunteers. Serotonin 5HT2 receptor blockade in the frontal cortex was 72% after 2 h, which declined to 50% after 26 h. The terminal plasma half-life of quetiapine was 5.3 h. Clinically, our eight patients had good antipsychotic effect without any extrapyramidal side-effects. Our data shows that quetiapine has a relatively low affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, with an occupancy half-life (10 h), which was about twice as long as that for plasma. A more prolonged blockade of the serotonin 5HT2 receptors was found in the frontal cortex, with receptor occupancy half-life of 27 h. Compared to clozapine, as demonstrated in other studies, quetiapine has much the same ratio of D2/5HT2 occupancy. This could suggest that the combination of D2/5HT2 receptor blockade contributes to the antipsychotic effect and a low incidence of EPS seen with quetiapine in comparative phase three trials. Our results also confirm the clinical data that quetiapine can be administered twice daily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050492
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A subscale for negative symptoms from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS): a comparison with the Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 246 (1996), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: CPRS ; SANS ; Negative symptomatology ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) was used to determine symptomatology in 145 schizophrenic patients. In 40 of these patients the Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was also applied in order to determine which items in the CPRS represent negative schizophrenic symptoms. Of the patients, 115 were drug-free and 30 were treated with major transquilizers at the time of the rating. A principal component analysis with oblique solution and Varimax rotation grouped the items from CPRS into ten factors. These factors were subsequently correlated to the total scores of the SANS. When a factor showed a positive correlation with the SANS, the individual items within the factor were examined for correlation to both the subscales and the total SANS scores. Of the 33 items, 5 used in the CPRS showed a positive correlation with the SANS and were therefore considered to represent negative symptomatology in schizophrenia. These items were withdrawal, reduced speech, lack of appropriate emotions, slowness of movements and indecision. The items were grouped as a negative symptom subscale in the CPRS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02188957
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An open study of remoxipride, a benzamide derivative, in schizophrenia (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Remoxipride ; Antipsychotic efficacy ; Schizophrenia ; Substituted benzamide ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Remoxipride is a novel substituted benzamide derivative with specific dopamine-(D2)-receptor blocking properties and selective action on brain mesolimbic functions. Ten inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia were treated with the drug in a 6-week open-label study. After 1 week placebo washout, the patients were given stepwise increased doses from 20 to 100 mg t.i.d. Most patients showed a clinically significant improvement; the mean scores in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale decreased from 25.8 at baseline to 11.3 at endpoint. Few adverse events were recorded and the rated extrapyramidal symptoms were lower at endpoint than at baseline. No abnormalities in clinical chemistry, haematology, cardiovascular assessments or EEG recordings were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431718
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supersensitivity psychosis in schizophrenic patients after sudden clozapine withdrawal (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Clozapine ; Supersensitivity psychosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In two patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were on clozapine medication for more than 6 months, a sudden withdrawal of the drug resulted in a very pronounced deterioration of the psychosis within 24–48 h. The most prominent symptoms were auditory hallucinations and persecutory ideas and one patient tried to commit suicide. These observations are interpreted as supersensitivity psychoses induced by the very effective clozapine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464798
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