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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid in a multiple sclerosis lesion is clearly of Aλ type (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 709-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Aλ amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rare multiple sclerosis cases amyloid is deposited in demyelinated plaques. In one such case amyloid was examined immunohistochemically with a panel of antibodies directed against different amyloid types. The amyloid was classified as the Aλ type produced by a local monoclonal B cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000244
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of the type of amyloid in paraffin wax embedded tissue sections using antisera against human and animal amyloid proteins (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 408 (1986), S. 649-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amyloid ; Potassium permanganate ; Immunoperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different histochemical techniques were compared on paraffin wax embedded tissue sections for routine classification of amyloid; the following methods were used: potassium permanganate, the indirect immunoperoxidase method using polyclonal anti-human amyloid antisera (anti-AA, anti-Aλ, anti-Aκ and anti-AF) and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method using antisera against human, bovine, hamster and canine AA amyloid. Anti-human AA antiserum appeared to be a useful tool in this respect. Polyclonal anti-AL antisera may be helpful in diagnosing AL amyloid, but were of less value than anti-AA serum. Strong cross reactivity between anti-bovine AA antiserum and human AA amyloid deposits was found. This indicates that animal amyloid AA antisera can also be used for the diagnosis of AA amyloid in human tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705343
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid in intervertebral discs of surgery and autopsy material (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intervertebral disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intervertebral discs from 82 consecutive operations on herniation and 59 autopsies (one case with generalized amyloidosis) were studied. Amyloid deposits observed in surgical and autopsy specimens increased with age in both series. Degenerative changes were related to age and to amyloid deposits in autopsy, but not in surgical cases. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits (often in proximity to amyloid deposits) were found in autopsy discs of six patients and in surgical specimens of three patients with previous operations on herniated discs. Antisera against amyloid fibril proteins of different types including AA-, Aλ-, Aκ, AF- and AB-types showed no reaction with disc amyloid. In one case with generalized Aλ-amyloidosis the disc amyloid was not of the Aλ-type. Based on our results, we suppose that disc amyloid is a form of localized senile amyloidosis — possibly representing a new class of amyloid limited to cartilage tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis and immunohistochemical classification of systemic amyloidoses (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Postmortem study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Classification ; Histomorphological pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Fourty-three cases of systemic amyloidosis were identified in an unselected autopsy series from our institute (6305 autopsies between 1979 and 1993) and classified immunohistochemically by means of a panel of antisera directed against five major amyloid fibril proteins. Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was the most common type, being found in 21 cases (48.8%). Transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloidosis was present in 11 cases (25.6%), and immunoglobulin light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis in 10 cases (23.3%). A single case (2.3%) contained deposits of more than one type of systemic amyloid. AA amyoloidosis was associated with chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases (81%), malignant tumours (19%) or both (9.5%). Immunoglobulin light chain-derived amyloidoses were associated with myeloma (50%) or primary (idiopathic; 50%). In AA and AL amyloidosis the kidney was the organ most frequently involved. ATTR amyloid affecting mostly the heart and lungs presented as senile systemic amyloidosis. Systemic amyloidosis was the cause of death in 5 cases (12%) and caused symptoms in 17 cases (39%). Our results suggest that most cases can be classified by using a panel of sensitive and specific antibodies against five major amyloid fibril proteins. This technique may make amyloid type-specific therapy possible for AL amyloid patients who do not have evidence of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Bestimmung des Blutaustausches zwischen homozygoten Parabiosemäusen (1969)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 149 (1969), S. 152-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Parabiosis ; Blood Exchange (in Parabiosis) ; Blood Volume (in Parabiosis) ; Amyloid (Blood Volume in Amyloidosis) ; Parabiose ; Blutaustausch (bei Parabiose) ; Blutvolumen (bei Parabiose) ; Amyloid (Blutvolumen bei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe51Cr-markierter Erythrocyten wurden bei 15 Parabiosepaaren etwa 6 Wochen nach der Parabioseoperation die absolute Größe des Blutflusses durch die Parabiosebrücke, das gemeinsame Blutvolumen und an 11 Paaren zusätzlich die Einzelblutvolumina gemessen. Die theoretischen Grundlagen und methodischen Einzelheiten dazu werden erläutert. Der Blutfluß von Maus zu Maus beträgt durchschnittlich 17,2 mg/min (s=±8,5), seine Ratenkonstante im Mittel 0,03/min (s=±0,013) und seine Halbwertszeit 22,8 min. Das Blutvolumen des meist amyloidkranken Tieres ist durchschnittlich 56,2% (s=±19) größer als das seines nicht erkrankten Partners (Signifikanz p〈0,02). Das gemeinsame Blutvolumen der Paare, bezogen auf das gemeinsame Körpergewicht, schwankt nur wenig. Es beträgt 5,52% (s=±0,33) bei mit Casein und Casein + Freunds Adjuvans behandelten Paaren und 8,28% (s±0,36) bei Paaren mit artifizieller Osteomyelitis.
    Notes: Summary Using51Cr-labeled erythrocytes the blood flow along the parabiotic junction and the joint blood volume were measured in 15 parabiotic pairs about 6 weeks after operation. In addition to that in 11 pairs the blood volumes of each parabiont were determined. Theoretical basis and methodical details are described. The average blood flow from mouse to mouse is 17.2 mg/min (s=±8.5), with an average rate of 0.03/min (s=±0.013) and a half-time of 22.8 min. One of the partners obtained a usually successfull amyloidprovoking treatment. The blood volumes of those animals were on the average 56,2% larger than those of their untreated — mostly amyloid-free — partners (p〈0.02). The joint blood volume of the pairs in dependence of their joint weights showed a fairly constant rate. For caseinate and caseinate +Freund's adjuvant treated pairs 5.52% (s=±0.33), for pairs with artificial osteomyelitis 8.28% (s=±0.36) was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die postoperative Entwicklung des Blutflusses durch die Parabiosebrücke und ihr morphisches Äquivalent (1969)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 149 (1969), S. 166-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Parabiosis ; Blood Exchange (in Parabiosis) ; Blood Volume (in Parabiosis) ; 51Cr-Erythrocytes ; Capillar Growth (in Parabiosis) ; Parabiose ; Blutaustausch (bei Parabiose) ; Blutvolumen (bei Parabiose) ; 51Cr-Erythrocyten ; Capillarsprossung (bei Parabiose)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit51Cr-markierten Erythrocyten wird die Entwicklung des Blutflusses zwischen Parabiosetieren an insgesamt 9 Paaren quantitativ verfolgt. Er beginnt um die 50. Stunde. Nach einer starken Zunahme während des Stadiums der Capillarsprossung (70.–80. Stunde) geht der Zuwachs des Blutflusses etwa in eine Sättigungskurve über. Die Analyse von 17 Paaren ergab eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem Blutfluß und der Vascularisation der Parabiosebrücke. Auf die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtung zum quantitativen Studium der Wundheilung und auf die genaue Blutvolumenregulation in der Parabiose trotz eines hochsignifikanten Volumenzuwachses während der Amyloidprovokation wird besonders hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary Using51Cr-labeled erythrocytes in 9 pairs the increase of blood flow between parabiotic animals was measured quantitatively. The blood flow starts about 50 hours after pairing the animals. During the period of capillare growth (70.–80. hours) strong increase of blood flow was observed. Further the augmentation decreased with time of junction. The analysis of 17 pairs shows a significant correlation between blood flow and vascularisation of the parabiotic bridge. In the course of amyloid-provocation blood volume increased highly significant. The importance of these results was pointed out with reference to the problem of woundhealing and exact regulation of blood volume during parabiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über unterschiedliche Blutfülle bei Parabiosepartnern (1969)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 149 (1969), S. 233-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Parabiosis ; Parabiotic intoxication ; Parabiose ; Parabioseintoxikation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Parabiosepaare eines reinen, aber nicht homozygoten Albino-Mäuse-Stammes mit homozygoten C57 BL/6-Paaren hinsichtlich ihrer Lebensdauer, der bei beiden Stämmen gefundenen unterschiedlichen Blutfülle, der Morphologie der Parabiosebrücke, der Organhistologie unter Einschluß der Amyloidose und der Milzgewichte miteinander verglichen. Alle Tiere waren nach einer Methode nachBunster u.Meyer vereinigt. Die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der unterschiedlichen Blutfülle bei beiden Stämmen werden an Hand eigener Befunde und der Literatur herausgestellt. Für die agonale bzw. postmortale unterschiedliche Blutfülle homozygoter Paare wird als Ursache eine extreme Blutvolumenverschiebung in den überlebenden Partner nachgewiesen. In dem Gefäßsystem des toten Partners findet mehr als das Doppelte des ursprünglichen Volumens Platz.
    Notes: Summary Parabiotic pairs of pure but not imbred albino mice were compaired with highly imbred C57 BL/6 pairs with respect to lifespans, differential blood contents, morphology of parabiotic bridge, histology of organs comprising amyloidosis, and weight of spleens. All animals were combined in accordance with a method ofBunster andMeyer. The common and different characteristics of the differential blood contents of the pairs of the two strains were emphasized. The difference in the blood volumes of imbred pairs in the agony respectively after death of one of the animals was found to be the result of an extreme shift of blood from surviving partner to the dead one. Finaly the blood vessels of the dead partner contained more than the double amount of blood than before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044479
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die experimentelle Erzeugung einer Amyloidose (1969)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 150 (1969), S. 150-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Amyloidosis, experimental ; Osteomyelitis, experimental ; Freund's adjuvant (in experimental amyloidosis) ; Amyloidose, experimentelle ; Osteomyelitis, experimentelle ; Freunds Adjuvans (bei experimenteller Amyloidose)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Sterile Organnekrosen, Terpentinabscesse und Granulome nach Freunds Adjuvans lieferten kein Amyloid. Erfolglos blieben auch intravenöse Staphylokokkeninjektionen zur Erzeugung eines „Minutenamyloids“. Spontanamyloid wurde nicht beobachtet. Bakteriell infizierte Organnekrosen und Terpentinabscesse hatten in 59% eine Amyloidose meist starker Ausprägung zur Folge. In jedem Versuch mit Casein ließ sich eine Amyloidose erzeugen, die allerdings nur mit schwachem Organbefall einherging. Die Kombination mit Freunds Adjuvans verstärkte die Amyloidausprägung. Die artifizielle, chronisch fistelnde Osteomyelitides Mäusefemurs ist eine neue Methode, um eine starke Amyloidose zu erzeugen. Gegenüber der Caseininjektion hat sie den Vorteil der örtlichen Begrenzung der Eiterung und der Einzeitigkeit. Ihre technische Schwierigkeit liegt in der sicheren Applikation der Infektion.
    Notes: Summary Sterile necroses of an organ, turpentine abscesses and granuloms by Freund's adjuvant did not generate amyloidosis under the conditions reported. Experimental induction of a “minute amyloid” by intravenous injections of staphylococci was likewise unsuccessful. Spontaneous amyloid was not observed. Necroses of an organ and turpentine abscesses infected by bacteria resulted in severe amyloidosis in 59% of the cases. All experiments with casein as inductor showed amyloidosis of weak intensity. Combination with Freund's adjuvant enhanced the manifestation. A new method of inducing heavy amyloidosis is the production of chronic fistulating osteomyelitis of the femur of the mouse. Compared with casein injections this method has the advantage of locally limited suppuration and of performance of just a single operation. The reliable production of infection, however, is difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044459
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistology of islet amyloid polypeptide in diabetes mellitus: Semi-qantitative studies in a post-mortem series (1992)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 421 (1992), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Islet amyloid ; Islet amyloid polypeptide ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the islets of Langerhans of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients of a non-selected post-mortem series was studied with a new polyclonal IAPP antibody. Out of 133 patients examined, 124 exhibited immunoreactivity for IAPP. Immunoreactivity was localized intra- and extracellularly and was limited to the islets of Langerhans. No extracellular immunoreactivity was observed in amyloid-negative cases. Co-localization of insulin and IAPP in the same islet-cells was verified by double staining with monoclonal insulin and polyclonal IAPP antibodies. Of 100 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and islet amyloid, 98 exhibited IAPP-positive deposits and 71 exhibited intracellular immunoreactivity. Evaluation of intracellular immunoreactivity and degree of islet amyloid deposition in cases of overt NIDDM revealed an inverse relationship, in that intracellular IAPP immunoreactivity were reduced in patients with developing islet amyloid deposition. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis of primaryβ-cell dysfunction leading to amyloid formation, with subsequent disturbance ofβ-cell homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01660981
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Übertragungsversuche der Amyloidose durch Parabiose homozygoter Mäuse (1969)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 346 (1969), S. 89-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung war die Frage, ob eine experimentelle Amyloidose durch Parabiose übertragbar ist. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage behandelten wir jeweils einen Partner von 67 homozygoten Parabiose-Partnern mit Casein-, Casein + Freund's Adjuvans-Injektionen oder der experimentellen Osteomyelitis. Die Behandlung führte in 62 Fällen zur Amyloidose. Der unbehandelte Partner erkrankte nur in 9 Fällen. Die Amyloidose blieb also in 85,5% der Fälle auf den erfolgreich behandelten Partner beschränkt. Die Amyloidhäufigkeit des unbehandelten Partners lag nicht signifikant über der von Kontroll-Paaren, zeigte keine Abhängigkeit von der Stärke der Behandlung im behandelten Partner und war häufiger bei den Paaren, deren Gewebebrücke Abszesse trug. Die Amyloidose ist also unter den geschilderten Bedingungen in Parabiose nicht übertragbar. Der an den gleichen Paaren gemessene Blutfluß von durchschnittlich 17,2 mg/min entspricht einer Halbwertszeit von 22,8 min. Diese Werte schließen eine mangelhafte Anastomose aus. Aus der fehlenden Amyloidübertragung und der Größe des Blutflusses kann man für einen an der Amyloidoseentstehung primär beteiligten und essentiellen Faktor in unserer Versuchsanordnung eine relative Parabiose-Schranke annehmen. Diesem postulierten Agens kann man daher eine Halbwertszeit von sicher unter 22,8 min zuschreiben. Für die Pathogenese der von uns erzeugten Amyloidose scheiden demnach alle Stoffe mit längerer Halbwertszeit, insbesondere Bluteiweißkörper, als erste oder einzige Ursache aus.
    Notes: Summary To answer the question about a transmissibility of experimental amyloidosis by parabiosis one partner of 67 parabiotic pairs of homozygotic mice was treated with injections of casein or casein + Freund's adjuvant or with an experimental osteomyelitis. Amyloidosis occurred in 62 of the animals treated but in only 9 of the untreated partners. The incidence rate of amyloidosis in the untreated partners did not exceed significantly that in parabiotic controls. It showed no correlation with the intensity of treatment but the rate was increased in pairs with abscesses in the parabiotic bridge. Using the experimental conditions mentioned above amyloidosis was not transmissible in parabiosis. Six weeks after the parabiotic junction the blood flow through the parabiotic bridge on an average was 17.2 mg/min. That corresponded to a half time of exchange of 22.8 min and excluded an impaired anastomosis. The failure to transmit amyloidosis although the parabiotic junction remained intact implies the existence of a relative parabiotic barrier for the factor or for one of the factors primarily involved and essential in causing amyloidosis. This agent must have a disappearance rate with a half time of certainly less than 22.8 min. Therefore, all substances with longer half times such as plasma proteins are excluded from causing, either primarily or alone, the amyloidosis formed by the described methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548470
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