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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Octopamine ; Hepatic coma ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Katecholamine ; Octopamin ; Coma hepaticum ; Sympathisches Nervensystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Plasmaspiegel von Adrenalin, Noradrenalin und Octopamin wurden mit Hilfe radioenzymatischer Methoden bei neun ambulanten Zirrhose-Patienten mit Enzephalopathie und bei zehn Patienten im Coma hepaticum (Comagrad III–IV) bestimmt. Bei den Zirrhose-Patienten wurden sowohl normale als auch erhöhte Plasmaspiegel von Noradrenalin gemessen. Octopamin war im Plasma dieser Patienten sowie bei zehn gesunden Kontrollpersonen nicht nachweisbar. Erhöhte Noradrenalinspiegel im Plasma waren bei allen Patienten im Coma hepaticum vorhanden. Die Noradrenalinkonzentration im Plasma blieb auch während des Comaverlaufes erhöht oder stieg weiter an. Der Adrenalinplasmaspiegel war hingegen nicht regelmäßig erhöht. In acht der zehn Patienten war Octopamin wiederum nicht nachweisbar. Nur bei zwei Coma-Patienten konnten Octopaminspiegel bis zu 59,5 ng/ml bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Noradrenalinkonzentration gefunden werden. Die Infusion der verzweigtkettigen Aminosäure L-Valin beeinflußte weder den Noradrenalin- noch den Octopaminspiegel. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß die Aktivität des sympathischen Nervensystems im Coma hepaticum erhöht ist. Eine Akkumulierung von Octopamin ist kein charakteristischer Befund bei chronischer Lebererkrankung und hepatischem Coma. Nachdem bei zwei Coma-Patienten die Akkumulierung von Octopamin bei einer gleichzeitigen Erhöhung des Noradrenalinspiegels auftrat, erscheint eine Verdrängung von Noradrenalin durch den falschen Neurotransmitter Octopamin im noradrenergen Neuron des peripheren Sympathikus unwahrscheinlich. Die Resultate sprechen dafür, daß die Entwicklung einer Hypotension im Rahmen der Leberzirrhose und des Coma hepaticum nicht auf einen Mangel an Noradrenalin zurückzuführen ist.
    Notes: Summary Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline and octopamine were estimated by a radioenzymatic method in nine cirrhotic outpatients with encephalopathy and in ten patients with hepatic coma (coma grade III–IV). In the cirrhotic outpatients normal as well as elevated plasma levels of noradrenaline were found. Octopamine could not be detected in the plasma of these patients as well as of ten healthy volunteers. Elevated noradrenaline levels were present in all patients with hepatic coma. Plasma noradrenaline remained elevated or even further increased during the course of hepatic coma, whereas adrenaline was elevated less frequently. In eight of the ten patients with hepatic coma octopamine was again not detectable in plasma. Only in two patients high levels of octopamine up to 59.5 ng/ml could be found in addition to increased noradrenaline concentrations. The infusion of the branched chain amino acid L-valine had no influence on the plasma level of either noradrenaline or octopamine. The data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is activated during the course of hepatic coma. An accumulation of octopamine is not a common finding in chronic liver disease and hepatic coma. Since in the two patients with elevated octopamine levels the rise in octopamine occured concomitantly with a rise in noradrenaline, a displacement of noradrenaline by the false neurotransmitter octopamine in the noradrenergic neuron of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system seems unlikely. The results indicate that the development of hypotension in the course of liver cirrhosis and hepatic coma cannot be related to a deficiency of noradrenaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 601-607 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Phaeochromocytoma ; Catecholamines ; Dopamine β-hydroxylase ; Exocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One of the problems encountered with the diagnosis of a paroxysmally secreting phaeochromocytoma is the failure of the conventional chemical screening tests to demonstrate an increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and/or their metabolites. The usefulness of the estimation of plasma catecholamines in the diagnosis of this kind of phaeochromocytoma is demonstrated in a 64 years old male patient. In addition the mode of secretion of catecholamines from this phaeochromocytoma was investigated. The patient suffered from paroxysms characterized by the feeling of pressure in the throat, pain in the substernal area, palpitations, hypertension, flush and headache. Because of a normal excretion of catecholamines and vanillylmandelic acid in the 24-h collection of urine, estimated on several occasions, a phaeochromocytoma was excluded for about 6 years. The existence of a phaeochromocytoma could be verified by the measurement of plasma catecholamines. The plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline in symptom-free intervals several days previous to the removal of the phaeochromocytoma were comparable to the levels found postoperatively up to 2.5 months. However, during 3 paroxysms highly elevated plasma levels of noradrenaline (up to 21.3 ng/ml) with only a moderate increase of adrenaline (up to 0.54 ng/ml) were measured. After removal of the predominantly noradrenaline producing tumor, which was localized in the right adrenal gland, the paroxysms disappeared. Dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in plasma as a marker of an exocytotic release mechanism neither increased during a paroxysm nor decreased postoperatively. Biochemically the paroxysmally secreting phaeochromocytoma was characterized by a high storage capacity for catecholamines, by a proportionate release from noradrenaline and adrenaline producing cells and by a release mechanism which is based on diffusion of the catecholaminc out of the cell rather than on exocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 821-825 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; Tube feeding ; Nutritional therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tube feeding (TF) with elemental diets was used as primary therapy in 25 patients with an acute phase of Crohn's disease (CD). Feed was infused continuously via a nasoduodenal tube in a dosage of 2600–3200 kcal/day. The Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), the serum levels of a1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin were used as parameters for disease activity; the body weight and the serum levels of albumin, prealbumin and transferrin were parameters for the nutritional status. Disease activity could be reduced in the total group by TF shown by a reduction of CDAI from 269±72 to 174±103, a1-antitrypsin from 449±160 to 378±147 mg/dl, CRP from 6.12±5.6 to 3.23±5.4 mg/dl and haptoglobin from 414±167 to 344±152 mg/dl. Nutritional status was improved (body weight 83±12% to 87±10% ideal body weight, prealbumin 20.2±7.7 to 29.7±9.5 mg/dl, and transferin 229±107 to 310±103 mg/dl). Albumin did not change significantly. In 15 patients the CDAI was reduced to levels below 150. These patients were characterized as responders. In ten patients a normalization of CDAI could not be achieved and therapy had to be changed. With a stepwise linear discriminant analysis it could be demonstrated that patients with colonic disease and fever do not react to TF, with a probability of 90%. We conclude that TF can be used as primary therapy for the acute phase of CD in patients with small bowel disease. In patients with colonic disease and fever it is not as effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: stress ; plasma catecholamines ; beta-blockade ; hemodynamic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of calculation stress on hemodynamic parameters and plasma adrenalin and noradrenalin was studied in two groups of 6 male subjects, before and duringβ-Blockade. One group received propranolol 15 mg i. v. and the other received mepindolol sulphate 0,5 mg i. v. There was an increase in heart rate, cardiac output and blood pressure during mental stress. A significant increase in plasma adrenalin but not in noradrenalin occurred at the same time. The stress-induced rise in HR but not that in blood pressure could be prevented byβ-receptor blockade with proprandolol and mepindolol sulfate. The peripheral resistance (PR) and diastolic blood pressure in stress were even higher after propranolol than in the control study. Propranolol had no effect on the increased adrenalin concentration during stress, but it was prevented by mepindolol sulfate. There was no correlation between the increase in HR and that in adrenalin during stress, but the HR in stress and the HR reaction to infused isoproterenol were highly correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 20 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Rabbits were immunized with chromomembrin B, i.e. a membrane protein isolated from chromaffin granules of bovine adrenal medulla. When the rabbit sera were tested by immunodiffusion in the presence of various detergents, only negative results were obtained, whereas with complement fixation antibodies could be demonstrated. With this method the subcellular distribution of chromomembrin B in bovine adrenal medulla was determined. The results demonstrate that this protein is specifically localized in the membranes of chromaffin granules. In the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions it is present only in small amounts which are attributable to a contamination of these fractions with chromaffin granules. The subcellular distribution of chromomembrin R in bovine splenic nerves indicates that this antigen is also found in the membranes of noradrenalinestoring vesicles of sympathetic nerve. Chromomembrin B or a related antigen was detected in chromaffin grades isolated from pig and rat adrenal and in those isolated from a human phaeochromocytoma. It is also present in total membranes obtained from posterior and anterior hypophysis, but it is absent from membranes isolated from parotid gland, liver and adrenal cortex. This paper illustrates how a membrane protein which requires detergents for its solubilization can be characterized and measured by immunological methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5819-5826 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have calculated the expressions for band-to-band luminescence given by Lasher and Stern for heavily doped GaAs. The resulting values in the case of no k selection rule are tabulated. A comparison between theory and experiment is made, which shows that good agreement can be obtained. From this comparison can be concluded that the band-to-band luminescence in heavily doped n-type GaAs is governed by transitions without k selection, whereas in moderately doped GaAs the transitions are without k selection at low temperatures but with k selection at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 906-912 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the observation of 2p0,−1, 2s0, 3d−1,−2, 3p−1, and 4f−3 structures in the "two electron'' satellite photoluminescence of excitons bound to the (hydrogenic) shallow donors Ge and Se/Sn in high purity metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy grown GaAs. The attribution is based upon selective excitation of the different principal donor bound exciton (D0,X) lines at magnetic fields of 7 T at T=1.5 K, combined with a careful analysis of the behavior of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field. The results are interpreted in terms of high magnetic field quantum numbers and in terms of shapes of hydrogen wavefunctions in strong magnetic fields. One of the samples used in this work is so pure that for the first time donors have been identified from the relatively broad n=2 two electron satellite involving the (D0,X) ground state at zero field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 434-437 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The distribution of grown-in nitrogen-vacancy pairs in synthetic Ib diamond crystals has been imaged by means of a new photoluminescence tomographic technique. Using this method, local changes in luminescence intensity introduced by these defect centers were mapped by means of a laser-scanning microtomographic arrangement. It was found that the spatial variation in nitrogen-vacancy pair concentrations within a crystal qualitatively correlates with the nitrogen impurity distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  In a subgroup of patients with chronic urticaria (CU) the disease is caused by pseudoallergic reactions to food. The aim of this study was to investigate whether disturbances of the gastrointestinal barrier function play a role in the pathomechanism of the disease.Methods:  In 55 patients with CU gastrointestinal permeability was measured with an in vivo triple-sugar-test before and after 24 days of a diet low in pseudoallergens. Sucrose served as marker for gastroduodenal permeability, lactulose/mannitol ratio for intestinal permeability.Results:  Basal gastroduodenal and intestinal permeability were significantly higher in patients with urticaria as compared to controls. In 29 of the 55 patients skin symptoms decreased or completely disappeared during the diet (responders). Compared to nonresponders (n = 26), responders had a significantly higher gastroduodenal permeability before treatment (0.36 ± 0.04 vs 0.15 ± 0.01% sucrose; P 〈 0.001), which decreased after the diet (0.17 ± 0.02; P 〈 0.001). The number of patients with Helicobacter pylori infections did not differ between the two groups.Conclusions:  The results indicate that in a subgroup of patients with CU and pseudoallergy an impaired gastroduodenal barrier function may be of pathophysiological importance. The underlying mechanisms seem to be independent of H. pylori infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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