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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of 6-hour infusion of high-dose methotrexate. Preliminary trial of monitoring high infusion doses (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methotrexate ; osteosarcoma ; high parenteral dose ; pharmacokinetics ; drug monitoring ; computer prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methotrexate (MTX) in serum was measured by RIA in 12 cancer patients receiving high doses of MTX (2 to 8 g/m2) in 6 hour infusions 69 treatments were studied. The peak serum level was proportional to the dose administered and was always greater than 10−4 M. 2 elimination phases were seen: the first had a mean half-life of 2.36 h and the second a mean half-life of 16.14 h. 24 hours after beginning the infusions there were very large variations in individual serum concentrations of MTX, from 2.4 10−6 M to 1.9 10−5 M by 24 h after 8 g/m2. To control these variations, a mathematical model for prediction of the individual pharmacokinetic pattern of a 6 hour-infusion of high-dose MTX by kinetic analysis of a low-test dose is proposed. A program was created for an Apple III computer using toxic and therapeutic serum levels of MTX selected by the clinician. The computer program is adaptable to any infused substance for variable infusion times, thus introducing new advances over existing methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544367
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroleptic monitoring: relation between antipsychotic efficiency and radioreceptor assay of serum haloperidol (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; Haloperidol; radio-receptor assay ; dopaminergic receptor ; clinical evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: We report preliminary results from use of a radioreceptor assay (RRA) to measure serum haloperidol levels and their relation to clinical response and adverse effects in 19 psychotic patients with positive symptoms treated with haloperidol. Methods: Blood samples were taken on Days 7, 14 and 21. Clinical evaluation was based on the PANSS, and UKU scales. The D2 antidopaminergic RRA was used to measure haloperidol serum levels. Results: Our results show a correlation between psychosis with positive symptoms assessed by positive scores in the PANSS and the serum drug level measured by RRA concentrations. The observed relationship made it possible to establish a therapeutic serum range of haloperidol equivalents 15–30 ng/ml−1. This range contained no “non-responders”. Analysis of the correlation between each item on the positive subscale of the PANSS and the RRA concentration suggested that there was no specific symptom of psychosis closely related to RRA concentration during the first 15 days of treatment. In the third week, however, certain specific symptoms were closely connected to the RRA concentration. Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that antipsychotic activity can be related to blockade of serum D2 dopamine receptors. In future would be desirable to monitor neuroleptic treatment in this way. The study also showed that the antipsychotic treatment did not correct any specific component of the psychosis during the first stage of the treatment but that it did so at later times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050123
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and compatibility studies of cephamandole nafate with PVC infusion bags
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 12 (1994), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    Keywords: HPLC. ; PVC bag ; Stability ; administration set ; cephamandole ; cephamandole nafate ; compatibility ; intravenous infusion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0731-7085(94)80016-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylmethyl) acrylophenone dihydrochloride: a new antimicrotubular drug
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 66 (1984), S. 477-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: antimicrotubular drugs ; microtubules ; microtubules ; polymerisation ; polymerization ; produits anti-microtubulaires ; tubulin ; tubuline
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0300-9084(84)90083-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azithromycin Impact on Neutrophil Oxidative Metabolism Depends on Exposure Time (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation 22 (1998), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several antimicrobial agents have already been investigated relating to their influence on neutrophil ROS generation. Azithromycin provides, a dose-related anti-oxidant effect, after 15 min incubation, with the stimulating agent FMLP, as well with PMA or S. aureus. This finding was however obtained with concentrations not considered in therapeutics. Since short incubation times are not representative of the physiological situation, and since azithromycin is characterized by prolonged high concentrations within phagocytes, the same experiments were performed over 2 and 4 h exposures. A time-dependent anti-oxidant effect was then reported. The maximum effect was obtained with PMA (IC50 were 856 and 30 μg/ml for 15 min and 4 h incubation times respectively). Time-dependent modifications of neutrophil oxidative metabolism seem to be correlated with intracellular concentrations. Depressed oxidative metabolism might be related neither to azithromycin cellular toxicity, nor to superoxide scavenging properties. By increasing exposure periods, therapeutic concentrations could therefore lead to an anti-inflammatory effect, potentially of clinical interest since associated with bacteriostatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022340107017
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    34 In vitro inhibition of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxidative metabolism by no cytotoxic concentrations of vancomycin (1996)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 12 (1996), S. 383-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and compatibility of four anthracyclines: doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin and pirarubicin with PVC infusion bags (1992)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 14 (1992), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Chromatography, high pressure ; liquid ; Compatibility ; Daunorubicin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug stability ; Epirubicin ; Infusions ; Pirarubicin ; Polyvinyl chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid isocratic technique was developed for the analysis of four anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin and pirarubicin) in parenteral solutions using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection and a C18 Hypersil ODS column. The availability and compatibility of these drugs from solutions infused via PVC infusion bags through PVC administration sets have been examined. No significant drug loss was observed during simulated infusions (n=4) for 24 h using PVC infusion bags and administration sets. No significant difference was found between infusion solutions (5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl), except for pirarubicin. The reconstitution of pirarubicin in 0.9% NaCl was impossible, because we observed a precipitation of the compound in solution. The stability of the drugs was also studied in solution, in PVC bags after storage at 4°C with protection from light. The results show the stability of doxorubicin, epirubicin and daunorubicin during 7 days of storage to be satisfactory, irrespective of the infusion solution (5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl). In the case of pirarubicin, the stability of the drug was satisfactory during 5 days of storage in 5% glucose, but beyond, we observed a degradation of the compound with formation of doxorubicin in the infusion solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970174
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by letosteine, a molecule with two blocked -SH groups (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 17 (1995), S. 76-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine ; Antioxidants ; Free radicals ; Hydrolysis ; Letosteine ; Mercaptoethanesulfonate ; Peroxides ; Sulfhydryl compounds ; Superoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acute production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the respiratory burst may induce tissue injuries. In thisin vitro study, it was demonstrated that letosteine, a mucolytic agent containing two blocked thiol groups, had antioxidant activity, but only when it was first submitted to alkaline hydrolysis. In a cell-free system, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and hydroxyl radical concentrations were reduced by half by letosteine concentrations of 200, 15 and 350 μol/l, respectively. The mechanism of letosteine action may be related to the -SH group liberatedin vitro by hydrolysis, which seemed to react by scavenging the reactive oxygen species in the same way as acetylcysteine and MESNA, freethiol drugs known for their antioxidant properties. So, letosteine, a compound with blocked -SH groups whichin vivo can metabolically become free, may have a therapeutic application in preventing oxidative tissue injury damage induced by the respiratory burst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875435
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid quantitative determination of epirubicin and its metabolites in plasma using high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 4 (1990), S. 20-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid sensitive and selective isocratic technique was developed for the analysis of plasma epirubicin and three of its known fluorescent metabolites epirubicinol, 4′-O-β-D-glucuronyl-4′-epidoxorubicin and 4′-O-β-D-glucuronyl 1,3-dihydro-4′-epidoxorubicin, with daunorubicin as an internal standard, by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection and a ‘Hypersil ODS’ column. The drugs were easily and efficiently extracted with a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and the mean recoveries were greater than 85%. Intraassay and Interassay coefficients of variation (plasma samples) were better than 8.25%. An example of pharmacokinetic study obtained in a cancer patient after intravenous injection of epirubicine is described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130040103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid determination by high performance liquid chromatography of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in plasma stored in plastic bags (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 5 (1991), S. 94-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid sensitive technique was developed for the analysis of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in plasma stored in plastic bags by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and a Hypersil ODS column. The compound was easily and efficiently extracted with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile, which allowed the deproteinization of plasma samples. The recovery was greater than 95% and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were better than 6.5%. The results obtained showed that the amount of DEHP accumulated in plasma varied according to different parameters and depended on the storage conditions (time, temperature and shaking) and also on the lipid content of the stored plasma and the sterilization process of the PVC bags.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130050211
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