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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolites of serotonin and catecholamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in advanced stages of HIV-1 infection (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome in critically ill patients with renal failure treated by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (1999)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1427-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cefpirome ; Pharmacokinetics ; Renal failure ; Multiple organ failure ; Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the cefpirome pharmacokinetics of patients with sepsis and multiple organ failure treated with CVVH. Design: Measurements of serum and ultrafiltrate (UF) concentrations and in vitro sensitivity testing of isolated micro-organisms. Setting: University hospital-based, single ICU. Patients: Six critically ill CVVH- dependent patients with sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in need of antimicrobial therapy. Age range: 60–75 years; APACHE II score for severity of illness on admission: 19–30. One patient survived. Interventions: Cefpirome i. v. was started at 2 g in 30 min, then continued 1 g i. v. b. i. d. Measurements: The UF rate was 27 ± 7 ml/min on day 1 and 34 ± 2 ml/min on day 2. Serum and ultrafiltrate samples were measured by a validated high performance liquid chromatography assay. Volume of distribution: 23 · 5(SD ± 4 · 6) l. Total cefpirome clearance was 32 ± 6 · 3 ml/min; cefpirome CVVH clearance (ClCVVH): 17 ± 4.2 ml/min; mean serum half-life (t1/2): 8.8 ± 2.3 h; mass transfer on day 1: 660 ± 123 mg/12 h (33 ± 6 % of administered dose)and day 2: 642 ± 66 mg/12 h (64 ± 7 %). Estimated sieving coefficient (ClCVVH/UF rate): 64 ± 11 %. In vitro sensitivity of isolated microbes was excellent except for two non-sensitive enterococci and Candida spp. Conclusions: The sieving coefficient (64 %) indicates that a substantial fraction of the drug is not filtered; clearance by pathways other than CVVH mounted to 50 % of the total clearance and increased on day 2, indicating that the dosing schedule used is appropriate for this setting. Cefpirome appeared to be safe in these patients and effective for most of the nosocomial microbial isolates. During more than 90 % of the time, serum levels were maintained above killing concentrations for susceptible micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051092
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titanium clips in neurosurgery for elimination of artefacts in computer tomography (CT) (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 38 (1977), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Computer tomography ; titanium clips ; artefacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To eliminate the occurrence of artefacts produced by clips on the CT images, the use of titanium clips is suggested. Testsin vitro andin vivo indicate that clips manufactured from 0.2 mm thick 99.9 per cent titanium do not cause artefacts. They are resistant to corrosion, nontoxic, effective, easy to handle, relatively cheap, and are visible on plain X-ray films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401546
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological modulation of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by the H1-antagonist decarboethoxy-loratadine and dexamethasone by human mast and basophilic cell lines (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mast cells and basophils are central effector cells of allergic reactions and are involved in inflammatory diseases. These cell types produce an array of mediators including a broad spectrum of cytokines. In order to examine whether antiallergic drugs modulate the release of these mediators, we have investigated the influence of dexamethasone and decarboethoxy-loratadine (DEL), the active metabolite of the H1-blocking agent loratadine, on the release of IL-6 and IL-8 by the human mast cell line HMC-1 and the human basophilic cell line KU812 by ELISA. Dexamethasone (10−6-10−11 M) or Del (10−5-10−14 M) were added to the cells either 1 h prior to or simultaneously with PMA and Ca-ionophore A23187. When preincubated with the cells, DEL dose-dependently suppressed IL-6 release by up to 40% and IL-8 release by up to 50%. Dexamethasone potently suppressed secretion of both cytokines if simultaneously added to the cells with the stimuli by up to 60% and after preincubalion by up to 80%. Since both antihistamines and glucocorticoids are used for treatment of allergic diseases, the findings reported here indicate that these drugs may modulate allergic reactions via inhibition of cytokine release from mast cells and basophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00257.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of cytokine secretion from human leukemic mast cells and basophils by H1- and H2-receptor antagonists (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: H1-type antihistamines have recently been reported to inhibit cytokine secretion from human and murine mast cells and basophils. In order to confirm and expand these studies, we have compared several H1-blockers and the H2-blocker ranitidine for their effect on TNF-α, IL-3, 6, 8 and GM-CSF release from human leukemic mast (HMC-1) and basophilic (KU812) cells, compared to dexamethasone. Cells were stimulated for 24 h with phorbol myristate acetate (25 ng/ml) and calcium ionophore A 23187 (2.5×10−7 M) alone or with the drugs added at 10−4 to 10−15 M, and production of cytokines was measured by ELISA. All antihistamines caused a dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α release from HMC-1 cells, with maximal effects at 10−12 M for azelastine, 10−9 M for loratadine and cetirizine, and 10−8 M for ranitidine. The inhibitory potency of H1-blockers on cytokines from HMC-1 cells was TNF-α 〉IL-8≥IL-6≥IL-3, with no significant effects on GM-CSF. In KU812 cells which failed to secrete TNF-α and GM-CSF, the sequence was IL-6 〉IL-8 after preincubation. Dexamethasone inhibited all cytokines, but ranitidine only TNF-α and IL-3. Antihistamines had no effect on calcium flux in resting or stimulated cells. At the mRNA level, inhibition was only seen with KU812 cells and IL-8 in the presence of azelastine at 10−10 M. These data show thus distinct inhibitory patterns for different antihistamines during cytokine production from human mast cells and basophils which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs during treatment of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009002118.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of plaque and gingivitis following antibiotic therapy in dogs (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the subgingival microbiota were studied during a 4-week period of plaque accumulation in beagles which initially had clean teeth and healthy gingiva. The effect of Clindamycin, Metronidazole and Vancomycin on the microbiota and associated gingivitis was also determined. Fifteen 1-year-old beagle dogs were used. During two subsequent periods of plaque accumulation, one without (control) and one with (test) antibiotic therapy, the animals were allowed to accumulate plaque. Plaque and gingivitis development was assessed by clinical measurements. Plaque samples were harvested from the gingival sulcus region and the percentage distribution of different bacteria was determined following aerobic and anaerobic incubation in selected media. Following microbial sampling, biopsies of the gingiva and surrounding soft and hard tissues were removed and the size of the inflammatory cell infiltrate assessed.The results demonstrated that beagle dogs with a normal gingiva harbored a microbiota within the gingival sulcus region dominated by gram-positive and gram-negative rods. After 4 weeks of undisturbed plaque accumulation, the number of sulcus bacteria had increased 100-fold. This increase was the result of a proliferation of gram-negative anaerobic rods. Concomitant with this change of the microflora, an inflammatory reaction developed in the gingiva. When the dogs during a similar 4-week period were given Metronidazole, no increase of the subgingival microbiota occurred. The inflammatory response of the gingiva was minute. Treatment with Clindamycin and Vancomycin did not entirely prevent the proliferation of the subgingival bacteria. The number of microorganisms harbored after 4 weeks of Clindamycin and Vancomycin treatment was, however, only 50% of that of the control period. Even if the number of colony forming units was similar at the end of Vancomycin and Clindamycin treatment the quality of the two subgingival microbiotas was different. Vancomycin treatment resulted in a plaque dominated by gram-negative bacteria while Clindamycin allowed gram-positive bacteria to increase in number. Gingival inflammation resulting in the Vancomycin group was more pronounced than the gingivitis response in the Clindamycin group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb02062.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of questions on asthma and wheeze in farming and anthroposophic children (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background In most epidemiological surveys the estimated prevalence of asthma is based on questionnaire responses, which may depend on the individual's perception as well as medical consulting habits in a given population. Therefore, measurement of bronchial hyper-responsiveness as a key feature of asthma has been suggested as an objective parameter for asthma.Objective The aim of the present study was to validate questionnaire responses on asthma and wheeze against bronchial response to hypertonic saline (HS) (4.5%) in populations previously shown to have a lower prevalence of asthma and allergies: farmers' children and children from anthroposophic families.Methods Children whose parents had completed a written questionnaire in the cross-sectional PARSIFAL-study were drawn from the following four subgroups: ‘farm children’ (n=183), ‘farm reference children’ (n=173), ‘Steiner schoolchildren’ (n=243) and ‘Steiner reference children’ (n=179). Overall, 319 children with wheeze in the last 12 months and 459 children without wheeze in the last 12 months performed an HS challenge.Results Odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and measures of association did not differ significantly between the four subgroups. The correlation between the bronchial response to HS and wheeze and asthma questions was moderate and similar for farm children, farm reference children, Steiner schoolchildren and Steiner reference children (κ for ‘wheeze’: 0.25, 0.33, 0.31, 0.35, respectively, P=0.754, κ for ‘doctor's diagnosis of asthma’: 0.33, 0.19, 0.33, 032, respectively, P=0.499).Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that the reliabilitiy of questionnaire responses on asthma and wheeze is comparable between farmers' children, children raised in families with anthroposophic lifestyle and their respective peers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02308.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exhumation of the lower crust during crustal shortening: an Alice Springs (380 Ma) age for a prograde amphibolite facies shear zone in the Strangways Metamorphic Complex (central Australia) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 18 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Foliated garnet-bearing amphibolites occur within the West Bore Shear Zone, cutting through granulite facies gneisses of the Strangways Metamorphic Complex. In the amphibolites, large euhedral garnet (up to 3 cm) occurs within fine-grained recrystallized leucocratic diffusion haloes of plagioclase–quartz. The garnet and their haloes include a well-developed vertical foliation, also present in the matrix. This foliation is the same as that cutting through the unconformably overlying Neoproterozoic Heavitree Quartzite. The textures indicate syn- to late kinematic growth of the amphibolite facies mineral assemblages.All mineral assemblages record an arrested prograde reaction history. Noteworthy is the growth of garnet at the expense of hornblende and plagioclase, and the breakdown of staurolite–hornblende to give plagioclase–gedrite. These dehydration reactions indicate increasing P–T  conditions during metamorphism, and suggest heating towards the end of a period of intense deformation. Temperature estimates for the garnet–amphibolite and related staurolite–hornblende assemblages from the shear zone are about 600 °C. Pressure is estimated at about 5 kbar.An Sm–Nd isochron gives an age of 381±7 Ma for the peak metamorphism and associated deformation. This age determination confirms that amphibolite facies conditions prevailed during shear zone development within the Strangways Metamorphic Complex during the Alice Springs Orogeny. These temperature conditions are significantly higher than those expected at this depth assuming a normal geothermal gradient. The Alice Springs Orogeny was associated with significant crustal thickening, allowing exhumation of the granulite facies, Palaeoproterozoic, lower crust. Along-strike variations of the tectonic style suggest a larger amount of crustal shortening in the eastern part of the Alice Springs Orogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2000.00289.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure granulite facies metamorphism in the Pan-African belt of eastern Tanzania: P–T–t evidence against granulite formation by continent collision (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 16 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: To constrain the tectonic history of the Pan-African belt in Tanzania, we have studied the P–T  evolution of granulites from northern and eastern Tanzania representative for a large part of the southern Pan-African belt of East Africa (e.g. Pare, Usambara, Ukaguru and Uluguru Mountains). Thermobarometry (conventional and multireaction equilibria) on enderbites and metapelites gives 9.5–11 kbar and 810±40 °C during peak metamorphism at 650–620 Ma. This is consistent with the occurrence of both sillimanite and kyanite in metapelites and of the high-P granulite facies assemblage garnet–clinopyroxene–quartz in mafic rocks. Peak metamorphic conditions are surprisingly similar over a very large area with N-S and E-W extents of about 700 and 200 km respectively. The prograde metamorphic evolution in the entire area started in the kyanite field but evolved mainly within the sillimanite stability field. The retrograde P–T  evolution is characterized by late-stage kyanite in metapelites and garnet–clinopyroxene coronas around orthopyroxene in meta-igneous rocks. This is in agreement with thermobarometric results and isotopic dating, indicating a period of nearly isobaric and slow cooling prior to tectonic uplift. The anticlockwise P–T  path could have resulted from magmatic underplating and loading of the lower continental crust which caused heating and thickening of the crust. Substantial postmetamorphic crustal thickening of yet unknown age (presumably after 550 Ma) led subsequently to the exhumation of high-P granulites over a large area. The results are consistent with formation of the Pan-African granulites at an active continental margin where tonalitic intrusions caused crustal growth and heating 70–100 Ma prior to continental collision. The P–T–t path contradicts recent geodynamic models which proposed tectonic crustal thickening due to continental collision between East and West Gondwana as the cause of granulite formation in the southern part of the Pan-African belt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00150.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphase zircon in ultrahigh-temperature granulites (Rogaland, SW Norway): constraints for Pb diffusion in zircon (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: SHRIMP U–Pb ages have been obtained for zircon in granitic gneisses from the aureole of the Rogaland anorthosite–norite intrusive complex, both from the ultrahigh temperature (UHT; 〉900 °C pigeonite-in) zone and from outside the hypersthene-in isograd. Magmatic and metamorphic segments of composite zircon were characterised on the basis of electron backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence images plus trace element analysis. A sample from outside the UHT zone has magmatic cores with an age of 1034 ± 7 Ma (2σ, n = 8) and 1052 ± 5 Ma (1σ, n = 1) overgrown by M1 metamorphic rims giving ages between 1020 ± 7 and 1007 ± 5 Ma. In contrast, samples from the UHT zone exhibit four major age groups: (1) magmatic cores yielding ages over 1500 Ma (2) magmatic cores giving ages of 1034 ± 13 Ma (2σ, n = 4) and 1056 ± 10 Ma (1σ, n = 1) (3) metamorphic overgrowths ranging in age between 1017 ± 6 Ma and 992 ± 7 Ma (1σ) corresponding to the regional M1 Sveconorwegian granulite facies metamorphism, and (4) overgrowths corresponding to M2 UHT contact metamorphism giving values of 922 ± 14 Ma (2σ, n = 6). Recrystallized areas in zircon from both areas define a further age group at 974 ± 13 Ma (2σ, n = 4). This study presents the first evidence from Rogaland for new growth of zircon resulting from UHT contact metamorphism. More importantly, it shows the survival of magmatic and regional metamorphic zircon relics in rocks that experienced a thermal overprint of c. 950 °C for at least 1 Myr. Magmatic and different metamorphic zones in the same zircon are sharply bounded and preserve original crystallization age information, a result inconsistent with some experimental data on Pb diffusion in zircon which predict measurable Pb diffusion under such conditions. The implication is that resetting of zircon ages by diffusion during M2 was negligible in these dry granulite facies rocks. Imaging and Th/U–Y systematics indicate that the main processes affecting zircon were dissolution-reprecipitation in a closed system and solid-state recrystallization during and soon after M1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00400.x
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