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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 122-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Hot embossing is the technique to fabricate high precision and high quality plastic microstructures. Industrial fabrication of plastics components is normally achieved by injection molding. Hot embossing is actually used only for a few optical applications where high precision and high quality are important. The advantages of hot embossing are low material flow, avoiding internal stress which induces e.g. scattering centers infavorable for optical applications, and low flow rates, so more delicate structures can be fabricated, such as free standing thin columns or narrow oblong walls. The development of modular molding equipment, orientated on industrial standards has opened the door to the fabrication of plastic microcomponents in great numbers (for example LIGA-UV/VIS-spectrometers). Hot embossing has the potential of increasing production rates and therefore decreasing production costs by the enlargement of the molding surface and automatization of the molding process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A technology for the fabrication of movable LIGA-Microstructures by molding was developed, which enables the cheaper production of e.g. LIGA-Acceleration Sensors [1]. For this purpose an aligned molding process had to be developed. The realized experimental setup consists of two subsystems, the molding machine and the alignment arrangement [2]. After aligning a substrate it is transported into the molding machine. An effective and extremely precise dimension translation system is required. Although during molding temperature changes appear and high forces are applied, the dimension stability during the molding process has to be guaranteed. The presented system and setup deals successfully with these conditions. An alignment quality of ±10 μm is realized. Using the aligned molding technology temperature compensated LIGA-acceleration sensors [1] were fabricated. The proper function of the sensors was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Thrombosis of ascending aorta ; Heart failure ; Newborn ; Echocardiography ; Prostaglandin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thrombosis of the great vessels, and especially of the aorta, is rare in neonates. We report a case with thrombosis of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk and subclavian artery. Clinically, severe heart failure occurred on the 1st day of life and the diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, including angiocardiography. Left ventricular function was found to be extremely depressed. An infusion with prostaglandin E1 was initiated in order to improve the systemic circulation by dilating the arterial duct. The infant died of neurological complications prior to surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: hibernating myocardium ; degeneration ; fibrosis ; laminin ; fibronectin ; collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, we described chronic intracellular degeneration accompanied by fibrosis as typical structural features of hibernating myocardium and we concluded that cellular degeneration as a sign of the incomplete adaptation to the reduced blood flow is characteristic of hibernation. This study has been extended by analyzing the composition of the extracellular matrix proteins of the diseased myocardium. Areas of hibernating myocardium were identified in 38 patients by angiography, multigated radionuclide ventriculography, thallium scintigraphy with reinjection and low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. These areas were biopsied at cardiac surgery and were studied by electron microscopic and immunofluorescence techniques. Electron microscopy showed an enlarged extracellular space containing numerous particles of cellular debris, macrophages, fibroblasts, homogeneous matrix material and collagen fibrils. The basement membrane of the cardiomyocytes was thickened by an augmentation of laminin, fibronectin and collagen predlog VI, but these proteins also were present in the matrix itself. Collagen fibrils were numerous and macrophages (CD68) and fibroblasts (vimentin) were increased. In situ hybridization showed an increase in mRNA for laminin, fibronectin and collagen. This observation is consistent with the conclusion that fibrotic scar formation was occurring continuously. It is postulated that fibrosis is the consequence of myocyte loss due to chronic underperfusion in the hibernating tissue. This will further injure myocytes so that a vicious cycle is established that leads to progressive loss of structural integrity and functional capacity. Since these changes are progressive, revascularization should be performed at the earliest time point possible in patients with areas of hibernating myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Infarct size ; Intraaortic balloon pumping ; Collateral flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the influence of IABP on infarct size and collateral blood flow in each of 12 openchest anaesthetised mongrel dogs two small branches of the left coronary artery were occluded consecutively. The perfusion areas of both branches were comparable in size. IABP was started immediately before ligation of the first branch for a 90-min period followed by a reperfusion period of 90 min. Subsequently the second vessel was also occluded for 90 min as a control without IABP while myocardial oxygen consumption remained constant and was then reperfused. Infarct size was expressed as a percentage of the perfusion area. A difference in infarct size with and without IABP (18±17, 18±10% respectively) could not be observed. However a significant increase of collateral blood flow due to IABP in the subendocardial layer from 8.9±4.8 to 14.9±4.6 ml/100 g/min (p〈0.05) was prevalent. In the subepicardial layer the augmentation from 23.7±19.9 to 26.9±15.2 was not significant. Thus, in spite of a small increase of collateral blood flow in the subendocardial layer of the ischemic myocardium the infarct size was not reduced by IABP in our dog model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 115-122 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Mouse neuromuscular junction ; ACh-receptor ; Noise analysis ; Cooperativity ; Junctional and extrajunctional ACh-sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscles from cats, rats, guinea pigs and mice have been investigated as preparations for visualizing mammalian neuromuscular junctions with the aid of Nomarski interference optics. The M. omohyoideus of the mouse was found to be most convenient. Electrophysiological investigations showed that an endplate is normally surrounded by a population of perijunctional receptors. For junctional receptors in the endplate, a Hill coefficient ofn H=2.6 for acetylcholine was determined at 38°C, decreasing to a value of 2.3 at room temperature. For both perijunctional and extrajunctional receptors (the latter occurring after denervation), the coefficientn H was 1.9. Noise analysis revealed a channel conductance γ which changed abruptly from 22.4±1.0 pS (10–23°C) to 45.6±0.9 pS (34–39°C) in a very small temperature range around 25.5°C. The mean channel lifetime τ was 0.3 ms at 39°C and 1.0 ms at 23°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 161 (1961), S. 509-524 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spectra of deuterons scattered from C, Mg, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn have been measured in steps of 5° betweenΘ lab=20° and 165°. The excitation of the lowest levels is in most nuclei strongly preferred and only very few low energy deuterons were observed. The angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering of deuterons show pronounced diffraction maxima which are partly correlated. The correlation is compared with the Blair-model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 768-770 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Helicobacter pylori strains flocculated with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) reagent in a glass slide test. Other pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains were nonreactive. The specific VDRL reaction property ofHelicobacter pylori indicates an affinity of the cells for lipoidal substances, and can be used as a diagnostic aid for species identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 77 (1982), S. 170-181 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: infarct size ; myocardial oxygen consumption ; collateral flow ; oxprenolol ; dobutamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß des kardialen Sauerstoffverbrauchs (MVO2) auf die Infarktgröße wurde bei 12 narkotisierten Hunden untersucht. Zwei voneinander völlig getrennte Seitenäste der linken Koronararterie wurde nacheinander am selben Herzen verschlossen. Das erste Gefäßkollektiv wurde bei einem MVO2 von 21,6±3,0 ml ·min−1. 100 g−1 okkuldiert, das zweite bei einem MVO2 von 5,9±1,5ml·min−1 ·100g−1. Die Infarktgröße, ausgedrückt als Fraktion des Perfusionsgebietes, war 43±28% in Gruppe 1 und 11±11% in Gruppe 2 (p〈0,005). Die Perfusionsgebiete, die okkludiert wurden, waren in beiden Gruppen gleich (17±4g, 19±6 g). Die Infarktgröße, die nach einer 90-min-Okklusion vom akuten Kollateralfluß abhängt, war in jedem Fall größer bei einem höheren MVO2. Somit kann ein, niedrigerer MVO2 zum Zeitpunkt des Verschlusses die Entwicklung der Nekrose zumindest hinauszögern.
    Notes: Summary The influence of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at the moment of coronary occlusion on the size of the ensuing necrosis was investigated in 12 anaesthetised dogs. A two-infarction model was used with a sequential occlusion of two distant coronary branches in the same heart, however under different levels of MVO2. One group of occlusions was produced at a high MVO2 of 21.6±3.0 ml O2... min−1. 100 g−1. This group was compared with a second in which necrosis proceeded at a low MVO2 estimated to be 5.9±1.5 ml O2·min−1. 100 g−1 averaged over a 90-min occlusion period. Infarct size expressed as percentage of perfusion area was 43±28% in group 1 and 11±11% in group 2 (p〈0.005). The mass of the perfusion area was equal in both groups (17±4 g, 19±6 g). The amount of myocardial necrosis, which after a 90-min occlusion depends on the acute collateral blood flow, was in every case greater under high MVO2. Thus a low MVO2 at the moment of occlusion can postpone myocardial necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words SDZ ASM 981 ; Mast cells ; Ascomycin ; Inflammation ; Pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mast cells play an important role in the pathological development of many inflammatory and allergic diseases and inhibition of mast cell activation is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the effect of the novel ascomycin macrolactam derivative SDZ ASM 981 on FcÂRI-mediated activation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, as a model for mast cell activation, was investigated. First, the ability to inhibit different mast cell immunophilins in vitro was tested. Using recombinant macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12), inhibition of rotamase activity with an IC50 of ∼ 6 nM was observed. The rotamase activity of cyclophilin A (18 kDa) was not affected. Secondly, the effect of SDZ ASM 981 on FcÂRI-mediated mast cell activation was investigated in the RBL cell model. SDZ ASM 981 inhibited exocytosis of preformed mediators (e.g. serotonin) with an IC50 of ∼ 30 nM. Transcription and release of newly synthesized mediators (e.g. TNF-·) was inhibited with an IC50 of ∼ 100 nM. The inhibitory effect of SDZ ASM 981 was antagonized by rapamycin. We conclude that SDZ ASM 981 is a potent inhibitor of FcÂRI-mediated activation of mast cells in vitro. The mechanism of action involves formation of (calcineurin) inhibitory complexes with macrophilins. We suggest that this inhibitory action on mast cells might contribute to the antiinflammatory effect of SDZ ASM 981 observed in vivo (e.g. in aptopic dermatitis and psoriasis).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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