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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral parieto-frontal network for verbal working memory: an interference approach using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Verbal working memory has been attributed to a left-dominant neuronal network, including parietal, temporal and prefrontal cortical areas. The current study was designed to evaluate the contribution of these brain regions to verbal working memory processes and to assess possible hemispheric asymmetry. The effect of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) on performance in a verbal working memory task both during, and after an rTMS train (110% of individual motor threshold, 4 Hz) over nine different scalp locations was studied [bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral supramarginal gyrus (SMG), bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IP) and three different midline control sites]. Significant performance deterioration was observed during rTMS over the left and right MFG and left and right IP. There was no consistent interference effect across subjects over the left or right SMG and the three different midline control sites. The interference effect with the given stimulation parameters did not last beyond the rTMS train itself. The data provide evidence for a symmetrical, bilateral parieto-frontal verbal working memory network. The data are discussed with respect to the competing ideas of a parieto-frontal central executive network vs. a network that processes the inherent semantic and object features of the visually presented verbal stimuli in parallel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02209.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological demonstration and quantification of TSH binding sites in neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid tissues (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 409 (1986), S. 555-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human thyroid ; TSH receptor ; 125I-TSH ; Autoradiography ; TSH binding sites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed a morphological method to portray TSH binding sites in intact tissue specimens. Frozen sections were incubated with125I-labelled TSH so as to localise binding sites by autoradiography. The proof of specificity was substantiated by: the competitive inhibition of125I-TSH-labelling with cold TSH, the lack of binding in non-target tissues and a lack of binding in TSH target tissues after incubation with125I-hCG or free125I. In applying this method to a total of 22 surgical specimens of thyroid, striking differences came to light in respect of the degree to which125I-TSH binding occurred in the various thyroid disorders. When compared with histologically normal tissue, labelling was generally decreased in toxic adenomas, non-functioning adenomas (cold nodules), and thyroids affected by Graves' disease, whereas non-toxic colloid goitre cases clearly exhibited denser binding. Medullary and anaplastic carcinomas exhibited no specific labelling whilst binding varied in the differentiated carcinomas between no effective binding or a level resembling that found in normal thyroid tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713424
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 367-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma ; Diffuse sclerosing variant ; S-100 protein ; Prognosis ; Langerhans cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recently published second edition of the WHO classification of thyroid tumours describes the diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma (DSPC) as a specific variant of papillary thyroid cancer (PC). Besides several histological hallmarks, this rare tumour is characterized by its occurrence in young individuals and is thought to have a less favourable prognosis than PC in general. The observations on two examples of this tumour presented herein, however, are at variance at this assumption. The neoplasms occurred in a 10 year old girl and a 34 year old woman. Each time, diffuse involvement of both thyroid lobes and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy were seen. In one case, the carcinoma extended into the cervical soft tissue. Follow-up disclosed both patients to be without evidence of disease 2 and 13 years, respectively, after thyroid surgery. Immunocytochemically, both thyroid primaries as well as 7 other cases of DSPC reported in the literature showed dense accumulations of S-100 protein positive dendritic/Langerhans cells. Such infiltrations have been demonstrated to be correlated with a benign clinical course of PC. It is thus suggested that DSPC behaves similarly or even less aggressively than PC in general, at least if prominent Langerhans cell infiltration is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605298
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake kinetics of the somatostatin receptor ligand [86Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide ([86Y]SMT487) using positron emission tomography in non-human primates and calculation of radiation doses of the 90Y-labelled analogue (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. 358-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Yttrium-86 ; Yttrium-90 ; Octreotide ; Positron emission tomography ; Dosimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. [90Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide ([90Y]-SMT487) has been suggested as a promising radiotherapeutic agent for somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours. In order to quantify the in vivo parameters of this compound and the radiation doses delivered to healthy organs, the analogue [86Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide was synthesised and its uptake measured in baboons using positron emission tomography (PET). [86Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide was administered at two different peptide concentrations, namely 2 and 100 µg peptide per m2 body surface. The latter concentration corresponded to a radiotherapeutic dose. In a third protocol [86Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide was injected in conjunction with a simultaneous infusion of an amino acid solution that was high in l-lysine in order to lower the renal uptake of radioyttrium. Quantitative whole-body PET scans were recorded to measure the uptake kinetics for kidneys, liver, lung and bone. The individual absolute uptake kinetics were used to calculate the radiation doses for [90Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide according to the MIRD recommendations extrapolated to a 70-kg human. The highest radiation dose was received by the kidneys, with 2.1–3.3 mGy per MBq [90Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide injected. For the 100 µg/m2 SMT487 protocol with amino acid co-infusion this dose was about 20%–40% lower than for the other two treatment protocols. The liver and the red bone marrow received doses ranging from 0.32 to 0.53 mGy and 0.03 to 0.07 mGy per MBq [90Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide, respectively. The average effective dose equivalent amounted to 0.23–0.32 mSv/MBq. The comparatively low estimated radiation doses to normal organs support the initiation of clinical phase I trials with [90Y]DOTA-dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050398
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Field Tomography Analysis of Continuous Speech (1998)
    Springer
    Brain topography 10 (1998), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Magnetoencephalography ; MFT ; Auditory-evoked magnetic field ; Continuous speech processing ; ELAN ; Syntactic processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this article we investigate MEG correlates of syntactic violations in continuous speech. An early left anterior negativity (ELAN) has been reported in previous EEG studies and has been related to syntactic processing. We used Magnetic Field Tomography (MFT) to extract a 3D estimate of the current density distribution J, from MEG data recorded while subjects listened to continuous speech. Separate estimates were obtained from the activity associated with the first word of the sentence, and the last words of the sentence which signified syntactic violation, semantic violation or correct sentences. In each case independent 3D MFT estimates of activity were obtained 2 ms apart. After converting the solutions into a PET-like format we perform a statistical analysis on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Visual inspection of the power of J at the time of the ELAN component and the statistical maps overlaid on the individual anatomical MRI suggests generators in the vicinity of the auditory cortex and in left frontal regions. Directional activation curves are computed to show the variation of activity as a function of time, from well circumscribed areas. The activation curve for the auditory cortex has a characteristic pattern consisting of three peaks, seen in the average time-locked to the onset of the first word, and the critical word of the syntactic violation. The left auditory cortex shows a delay of about 30 ms in the syntactic violation condition compared to the first word condition. No such delay is seen in the right auditory cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022223007231
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