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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Contaminant Plumes by Borehole Geophysical Logging (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 13 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Two borehole geophysical methods—electromagnetic induction and natural gamma radiation logs—were used to vertically delineate landfill leachate plumes in a glacial aquifer. Geophysical logs of monitoring wells near two land-fills in a glacial aquifer in west-central Vermont show that borehole geophysical methods can aid in interpretation of geologic logs and placement of monitoring well screens to sample landfill leachate plumes.Zones of high electrical conductance were delineated from the electromagnetic log in wells near two landfills. Some of these zones were found to correlate with silt and clay units on the basis of drilling and gamma logs. Monitoring wells were screened specifically in zones of high electrical conductivity that did not correlate to a silt or clay unit. Zones of high electrical conductivity that did not correlate to a silt or clay unit were caused by the presence of ground water with a high specific conductance, generally from 1000 to 2370 μS/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius). Ambient ground water in the study area has a specific conductance of approximately 200 to 400 μS/cm. Landfill leachate plumes were found to be approximately 5 to 20 feet thick and to be near the water table surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1993.tb00427.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin characteristics and risk of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma (United States) (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 741-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: melanoma ; nodular melanoma ; phenotype ; superficial spreading melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the risk for melanoma associated with moles and pigmentary characteristics. Methods: Representative melanoma cases (773) among non-Hispanic white residents under age 65 occurring between 1 June 1978 and 1 December 1983 in Los Angeles County were compared to controls (752) matched to cases by age, sex, race and neighborhood of residence. Factors considered include hair, eye, and skin color; numbers of freckles and moles; and propensity to burn and tan obtained during an in-person interview. Results: Five hundred and fifty-one cases were classified as superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and 110 as nodular melanoma (NM). For SSM, the important risk determinants were hair and skin color, freckling, and mole prevalence. Light skin and more freckles were found to be more highly associated with SSM for younger compared to older subjects, whereas the associations between SSM and both hair color and moles remained independent of age. NM showed patterns of risk similar to SSM with the exception of skin color. NM showed no evidence of increasing risk with lighter skin, as compared to the strong association seen for SSM. Conclusion: Hair and skin color, freckling and, especially, numbers and size of moles are important determinants of melanoma risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008952219416
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammography and physician breast exams after the diagnosis of breast cancer in a twin or non-twin sister (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; detection ; health behavior ; high risk ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reports of breast-cancer-screening behavior were collected from 591 twin sisters of women with breast cancer and 182 non-twin sisters of the same women, and compared with the patterns found by national surveys. Timeline plots indicate that prior to the diagnosis of breast cancer in a sister, these women were being screened at prevailing rates. In the year after diagnosis, the annual frequency of use by them of both mammograms and physician breast exams increased by approximately 25 percent, but in subsequent years these rates dropped to a plateau no more than 10 to 15 percent higher than the baseline. The sisters over age 60 were screened with unusually low frequency, as were those with no partner in the home, those with no regular source of medical care, and especially the siblings of cases that died soon after the diagnosis. The relatively infrequent adoption of a long-term, annual, screening pattern in the face of certain knowledge of personal high risk gives cause for concern about the effectiveness of any intervention program requiring recognition of personal high risk for effectiveness. One cause for optimism is that higher screening rates prevail among those with co-twins diagnosed since 1980, suggesting that the increase in publicity and public education in recent decades has had a beneficial impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High constant incidence in twins and other relatives of women with breast cancer (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 26 (2000), S. 411-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The incidence of breast cancer rises steeply between ages 25 and 50, and more slowly thereafter. In contrast, the incidence in the unaffected (contralateral) breast of women who have had breast cancer remains constant at about 0.7% per year for at least the next 20 years after diagnosis, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/82533
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant melanoma risk by nativity, place of residence at diagnosis, and age at migration (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 401-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Latent period ; latitude ; melanoma ; migration ; solar exposure ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although geographic latitude is clearly linked to the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma, the chronology of this link is unclear. Based on the 4,611 cases of melanoma with known place of nativity diagnosed in 1972–82 among the non-Latino White residents of Los Angeles County (California, United States) of known place of origin, migrants to Los Angeles from higher US latitudes enjoy relative safety from skin melanoma. This relative safety is largely unaffected by the interval since migration, even after decades of residence in Los Angeles. The same relative protection is enjoyed by native residents of more northerly US communities in comparison with co-resident migrants from the southwestern US. While the observed effect of latitude is consistent with the accepted importance of solar radiation as a determinant of melanoma risk, it suggests that early, rather than late or cumulative, exposure is of most importance. This finding does not affirm the belief that protection of adult skin from exposure to the sun will reduce the risk from melanoma. It does suggest that decades must pass before it will be possible to assess the impact on melanoma risk of any increase in ultraviolet radiation delivered to the earth as a result of the destruction of atmospheric ozone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054301
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for extrahepatic bile duct cancers: Los Angeles County, California (USA) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 267-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; body mass index ; extrahepatic bile duct cancers ; risk factors ; tobacco smoking ; USA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extrahepatic bile duct (EBD) cancers are rare and their risk factors are poorly understood. Except for a history of gallbladder diseases, evidence for other potential risk factors, such as excess body weight and use of tobacco and alcohol, is scant. A case-control study was conducted to examine risk factors for EBD cancers, including ampulla of Vater tumors, among Los Angeles County (California, USA) residents. Included were 105 histologically confirmed cases diagnosed between 1 March 1985 and 31 October 1989, aged 30 to 84 years, and 255 population-based controls frequency-matched to cases by gender and age in five-year groups. Cases and controls were interviewed about their demographic background and potential risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, and beverage consumption, diet, medical history, and reproductive factors among women. For deceased cases, their next-of-kin were interviewed. Risk of cancers of both subsites of extrahepatic duct and ampulla of Vater increased with smoking of cigars/pipes or cigarettes. For both men and women, risks increased twofold or more among those who smoked cigarettes for 50 or more pack-years. While a history of gallbladder diseases substantially increased the risk of cancers of both subsites, excess body mass index was associated only with cancer of extrahepatic duct subsite (odds ratio [OR]=4.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.1–14.2 among men and OR=2.7; CI=0.8–9.4 among women in the highest quartile relative to those in the lowest quartile). Alcohol drinkers had lower risks compared with nondrinkers, but no consistent trend was observed with amount consumed. No consistent patterns of risks were found for coffee, tea, diet, occupation, or reproductive factors. These results suggest that lifestyle-related factors, such as use of tobacco and excess body weight, play a role in EBD cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830247
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proportional melanoma incidence and occupation among White males in Los Angeles County (California, United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Education ; males ; melanoma ; occupation ; solar radiation ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case-control analysis of cancer registry data was used to examine the hypothesis that occupational exposure to sunlight influences the risk of melanoma. Occupation at diagnosis was available for 3,527 cutaneous melanomas and 53,129 other cancers identified by the Los Angeles County (California, United States) Cancer Surveillance Program among non-Spanish-surnamed White males aged 20 to 65 years between 1972 and 1990. Occupational exposure to sunlight was assessed by blinded expert coding of job titles as indoor, outdoor, and mixed indoor/outdoor. Relative to indoor occupations, proportionate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age, level of education, and birthplace were 1.16 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.07–1.27) for indoor/outdoor occupations and 1.15 (CI=0.94–1.40) for outdoor occupations. However, increasing levels of the education or training required for the occupation was associated more strongly with increased melanoma occurrence (ORs adjusted for age, occupational sun exposure, and birthplace, were 1.0, 1.63, 2.09, 2.23, and 2.99 for low-skill occupation, high school, college, postgraduate, and doctoral levels, respectively). Analysis of melanoma occurrence by job titles confirmed a clear variation by the required education or training level but not by the category of occupational sunlight exposure. The findings suggest that lifestyle factors associated with higher levels of education may be more important determinants of melanoma risk than characteristics of the work environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and colon cancer in Los Angeles County, California (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 457-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; calcium ; calories ; coffee ; colon cancer ; cruciferous vegetables ; diet ; fat ; fiber ; protein ; United States ; vitamins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The diets of 746 colon cancer cases in Los Angeles County, California (USA) were compared with those of 746 controls matched on age, sex, race, and neighborhood. In both genders, total energy intake was associated with significantly increased risk, and calcium intake was associated with significantly decreased risk. These effects were reduced only slightly after adjustment for the nondietary risk factors (weight, physical activity, family history, and, if female, pregnancy history). In men, total fat and alcohol intakes were responsible for the calorie effect; in women, no individual source of calories was associated independently with risk. Neither saturated fat nor fat from animal sources was responsible for the fat effect. There were no additional independent significant effects for sucrose, fiber, cruciferous vegetables, β-carotene, other vitamins, or any other nutrient or micronutrient. In univariate analyses, meats, poultry, breads, and sweets were associated with excess risk, and yogurt was protective. After adjustment for sources of calories, no individual food was associated with excess risk, but yogurt remained significantly protective. Total calories were associated with excess risk throughout the colon while the effects of calcium, fat, and alcohol appeared somewhat stronger in the distal colon. After adjustment, crude fiber was significantly protective in the ascending colon but not even weakly protective in the distal colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051359
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolekularer cis/trans-Austausch von Carbonylliganden in (L—L)M(CO)4-Komplexen (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 3025-3029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Intramolecular cis-trans Exchange of Carbonyl Ligands in (L—L)M(CO)4 ComplexesTetracarbonyl complexes of VIb-metals with glyoxal bis(arylimines) as bidentate ligands show cis/trans exchange of the carbonyl ligands as found by means of the 13C n.m.r. spectrum. The i.r. data indicate a distorded octahedron in the ground state and the 13C n.m.r. spectrum a trigonalprismatic transition state. The activation barrier has been determined in 13CO-enriched compounds.
    Notes: Tetracarbonylkomplexe der VIb-Metalle mit Glyoxal-bis(aryliminen) als Chelatliganden zeigen im 13C-NMR-Spektrum cis/trans-Austausch der Carbonylliganden. Auf Grund des IR-Spektrums wird auf ein verzerrtes Oktaeder als Grundzustand und mit Hilfe des 13C-NMR-Spektrums auf einen trigonal-prismatischen Übergangszustand geschlossen. Die Aktivierungsbarrieren wurden an 13CO-angereicherten Komplexen bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19751080923
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