Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: bcl-2 family ; Proto-oncogene products ; Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nature of the bcl-2 family of protooncogenes was analyzed by sequence alignment, secondary structure prediction, and phylogenetic techniques. Phylogenies were inferred from both the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of the human, murine, rat, and chicken sequences for BCL-2 and BCL-X, human MCL1, murine A1, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsiae ced-9 proteins, and the sequences BHRF1 from Epstein-Barr and LMW5-HL from African swine fever viruses. Both sequence alignment and secondary structure prediction techniques supported the conservation of both the overall secondary structure and the carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain in all members of the family. All the treeing methods employed (distance matrix, maximum likelihood, and parsimony) supported a tree in which the proapoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-X represent the most recent additions to the group. All the trees also indicated that the viral proteins BHRF1 and LMW-HL arose from a common ancestor, an ancestor they shared in common with the pro-apoptotic control protein BAX, indicating that this function of BAX evolved only recently. The most ancient branches are represented by the nematode ced-9 protein and by the control genes MCL1 and A1, which in the treeing methods employed represent separate lineages within the most ancient grouping. These results demonstrate the evolution of a highly conserved family of developmental control genes from nematode to man—genes that encode proteins essential for normal development but which are highly conserved in terms of predicted structure and possible cellular localization. The evolutionary analysis also indicates that the family may be even larger than originally predicted and that other members are waiting to be discovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Distal obstruction of the lymphatics by tumor and extensive tumor infiltration of the draining lymph nodes may prevent migration of the tracer to the sentinel lymph node (SLN), adversely affecting SLN identification. Rerouting of lymphatic drainage may divert flow to internal mammary nodes and cause an alternative nonsentinel node to become “sentinel,” increasing the risk of a false-negative result. A total of 618 breast cancer patients underwent SLN biopsy using 99mTc albumin colloid and patent blue V injected peritumorally. This was followed by standard axillary node clearance in all patients at the same operation. The overall SLN identification and false-negative rates were 96% (593/618) and 7.6% (17/223), respectively. There was no difference in the SLN identification rate and the false-negative rate with increasing axillary tumor burden (as determined by the total number of positive nodes in the axilla). Further detailed analyses are based on the 64 patients from one center (Cardiff) who had at least one positive SLN and proceeded to axillary clearance. A total of 83 positive SLNs were removed from 64 patients. Tumor burden in the positive SLN was assessed by measuring the size of the metastasis and percentage replacement of the SLN by tumor, and by documenting extranodal invasion. Increasing tumor burden in the SLN (as determined by percentage replacement of SLN by tumor and presence of extranodal invasion) was associated with decreased radioisotope uptake (p = 0.005 and p 〈 0.0001, respectively). There was no correlation between radioisotope uptake and the size of the metastasis in the SLN. There was no correlation between blue dye uptake, internal mammary drainage on lymphoscintiscan, and tumor burden in the positive SLN. In conclusion, increased axillary lymphatic tumor burden is not associated with failure to identify a SLN or false-negative results when both blue dye and radioisotope are used for SLN biopsy. In an individual SLN, the percentage replacement by tumor, but not the absolute size of the metastatic deposit is associated with reduced radioisotope uptake. Extranodal invasion in the SLN is a marker of lymphatic obstruction and is significantly associated with reduced radioisotope uptake. The lymphatic tumor burden does not seem to affect blue dye uptake or internal mammary drainage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Mammillary fistulas are uncommon, but when they occur they cause prolonged morbidity. The etiology and management strategies are less well established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the etiologic factors and assess the results of surgical treatment. It is a retrospective study of all patients treated for mammillary fistula from 1990 to 2001. The clinical data, including complications of surgical treatment, were collected from medical records. Fistulas were segregated into simple and complex fistulas before analyzing the results of surgical treatment. Thirty-five patients were treated during this period. A history of either drainage of a subareolar abscess or spontaneous rupture of an inflammatory mass preceded the development of mammillary fistula in the majority of patients. Previous Hadfield's procedure for duct ectasia contributed to the development of fistula in seven patients. Seventeen patients presented with simple fistula. A large proportion of them were treated by total duct excision in recent years, with a higher rate of recurrence (4/6). Eighteen patients presented with complex fistulas; two of them had recurrences following surgical treatment. The overall recurrence rate was 23%. The majority of the patients showed features of periductal mastitis on histologic examination. Postoperative wound infection was positively associated with fistula recurrence. The best management of mammillary fistula remains a problem. Simple fistulas should be treated by fistulectomy and primary closure. Total duct excision should be reserved for complex fistulas. Postoperative wound infection is also a major factor in fistula recurrence. All patients should receive antibiotics. Surgery for duct ectasia has caused fistulas in 20% of cases in our study, raising the issue of restricting total duct excision to more severe forms of the disease. Mammillary fistulas should be treated more appropriately in a specialized breast unit with particular interest in benign breast disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study, 555 women with moderate to severe mastalgia were randomized to one of the four treatment groups to receive (a) gamolenic acid (GLA) and antioxidants, (b) placebo fatty acids and antioxidants, (c) GLA and placebo antioxidants, or (d) placebo fatty acids and placebo antioxidants, for four menstrual cycles. This was followed by a further eight menstrual cycles of open treatment in which all patients received GLA, but continued to be randomized to active or placebo antioxidants as in the preceding parallel phase. Diary pain cards and linear analog charts were used for assessment of response. A reduction in breast pain was seen in all four treatment groups during the blinded treatment phase. There was a substantial improvement in the placebo fatty acids groups (response rate of 40%), and there were no significant differences among the four treatment groups. During the open treatment phase, a further reduction in breast pain was seen in all groups, with no statistically significant differences between groups. This study showed that GLA (Efamast) efficacy did not differ from that of placebo fatty acids, regardless of whether or not antioxidant vitamins were present. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 464 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 13 (1989), S. 699-705 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le traitement des mastalgies commence par la classification des différents types et se poursuit: en rassurant la patiente, en donnant des médicaments en cas de douleurs sévères, et en pratiquant la chirurgie dans de très rares cas. La distinction entre douleurs cycliques et douleurs non cycliques sur un simple catalogue est très utile pour évaluer objectivement la sévèrité des douleurs et pour choisir la thérapeutique adaptée ainsi que de contrôler la réponse au traitement. Environ 85% des nouvelles patientes guérissent du seul fait qu'elles sont rassurées, alors que 15% auront besoin d'un traitement médical. Seulement un petit nombre de médicaments a été correctement testé par des études contrôlées et s'avère plus efficace que le placébo: bromocryptine, danazol, huile de primevère le soir, et le tamoxifène. Il n'existe pas de médicament idéal; le choix dépend de l'efficacité, ses effets indésirables et du coût. La douleur non cyclique répond moins bien que les mastalgies cycliques, mais si on y inclut le sous-groupe des patientes ayant une douleur pariétale thoracique, on obtient une réponse de 90% avec le traitement local par corticoïdes et lignocaïne. Actuelement, on compare l'efficacité des traitements plus récents tels les angonistes de la LHRH et celle d'un placébo en essai contrôlé en double aveugle. Le traitement des nodules repose sur la différenciation clinique entre les changements physiologiques normaux, qui ne nécessitent que la tranquillisation de la malade et les nodules vrais du sein, qui demandent une biopsie pour exclure une tumeur maligne. Lorsque douleur et nodules coexistent, un soulagement peut parfois être obtenu par les mêmes médicaments que pour les mastalgies sévères.
    Abstract: Resumen El manejo de la mastalgia comprende de la clasificación según sus patrones: tranquilizar a la paciente, terapia farmacológica en los casos severos, y, raramente, cirugía. La clasificación en patrones cíclicos y no cíclicos en una simple hoja para el registro del dolor es útil para la valoración objetiva de la severidad del dolor y para la selección de la terapia farmacológica adecuada y la subsiguiente monitoría de la respuesta. Alrededor del 85% de las pacientes nuevas quedan satisfechas con que se las tranquilice en forma adecuada, pero cerca de un 15% tendrán dolor persistente y requerirán tratamiento médico. Solo muy pocos fármacos han sido probados de manera adecuada en ensayos clínicos controlados y han demostrado ser más efectivos que un placebo; entre éstos están la bromocriptina, el danazol, el aceite de vellorita, y el tamoxifén. No existe el agente ideal y la escogencia de la droga dependerá de su eficacia, efectos colaterales y costo. El dolor no cíclico exhibe una menor tasa de respuesta en comparación con la mastalgia cíclica, pero la diferenciación de un subgrupo con dolor en la pared torácica resulta en una tasa global de respuesta del orden de 90% al tratamiento con infiltracion local con esteroide y lignocaína. Nuevos agentes tales como los agonistas LHRH se encuentran actualmente bajo evaluación, comparándolos con placebo, en la actualidad mediante ensayos controlados. El manejo de la nodularidad se fundamenta en la diferenciación clínica entre el espectro normal de los cambios fisiológicos que se suceden en el seno y que requiere simplemente tranquilizer a la paciente, y la presencia de un nódulo mamario dominante, el cual exige resección biopsia para excluir neoplasia maligna. Cuando coinciden el dolor y la nodularidad se puede lograr una disminución de nodularidad general con el uso de los agentes que se utilizan para el tratamiento de la mastalgia.
    Notes: Abstract The management of mastalgia consists of classification into its various patterns: reassurance, drug therapy for severe cases, and, rarely, surgery. Differentiation into cyclical and noncyclical patterns on a simple pain chart is useful for objective assessment of pain severity and for selection of appropriate drug therapy and subsequent monitoring of response. About 85% of new patients will be satisfied with adequate reassurance, but some 15% will have persistent pain and warrant medical treatment. Only a small number of drugs have been adequately tested in controlled trials and have been demonstrated to be more effective than placebo; these are bromocriptine, danazol, evening primrose oil, and tamoxifen. No ideal agent exists and the choice of drug will depend on efficacy, side effects, and cost. Noncyclical pain has a lower response rate compared to cyclical mastalgia, but differentiation of a subgroup with chest wall pain leads to an overall 90% response to treatment by local infiltration with steroid and lignocaine. Newer agents such as LHRH agonists are currently undergoing evaluation in double-blind controlled trials against placebo. The management of nodularity is based on the clinical differentiation of the normal spectrum of physiological change within the breast (ANDI), requiring simple reassurance, from a true dominant breast nodule that will require excision biopsy to exclude malignancy. When pain and lumpiness coexist, some reduction in overall nodularity (with the use of agents given for mastalgia) may occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: cell adhesion ; desmoglein ; E-cadherin ; gamma linolenic acid ; invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Desmosomes are key structures in cell-cell adhesion. In this study we examined the effect of n-6 essential fatty acids on the expression of desmoglein (Dsg), desmosomal cadherin and the formation of desmosomes in E-cadherin negative human breast, colon and lung cancer cells and melanoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed that cells cultured with gamma linolenic acid (GLA) showed increased cell-cell adhesion together with an increase in the formation of desmoglein-containing desmosomes. Western blotting studies of cellular proteins demonstrated that, following culture with fatty acids, Dsg expression was modified, with the greatest increase seen after GLA treatment. Other fatty acids increased Dsg expression, but to a lesser extent. It is concluded that GLA regulates desmosome-mediated cell-cell adhesion in human cancer cells, particularly in cells without E-cadherin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ; metastasis ; NK4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract NK4 is a variant form of HGF/SF, comprising the N-terminal and subsequent four kringle domains of mature HGF/SF. HGF/SF is a multifunctional cytokine that enhances the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells in vitro by stimulation of the c-met receptor tyrosine kinase and has been implicated in the development of tumour metastasis in vivo. The aims of this study were to further investigate the potential antagonistic effects of the recently described variant form of HGF/SF, NK4, on HGF/SF activity in breast cancer cells. All cell lines used expressed both the HGF/SF receptor gene and protein as shown by RT-PCR and Western blotting. NK4 inhibited HGF/SF-induced tumour cell invasion through an artificial basement membrane. Tumour cell motility and scattering induced by HGF/SF were also dramatically reduced by the inclusion of NK4. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that NK4 inhibited the phosphorylation of the c-met receptor in response to HGF/SF. Treatment of these cells with NK4 alone did not have any significant effects on their metastatic behaviour. From this data we conclude that NK4 demonstrates significant antagonistic properties towards HGF/SF, inhibiting HGF/SF-stimulated breast tumour cell invasion, motility and migration. NK4 may therefore be of potential benefit in the development of anti-metastasis therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...