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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of surface localized substrate by non-adhesive marine bacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 11 (1985), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-four marine bacteria were isolated from the eluate of seawater passed through a column of glass beads coated with stearic acid. Irreversible attachment of these isolates to stearic acid-coated glass surfaces ranged from 7.6–100% of the total attached population, with 7 isolates exhibiting less than 10% irreversible adhesion. All 14 isolates tested were able to utilize surface bound14C-stearic acid, even though some showed mostly reversible adhesion to the surface. More detailed studies were made comparing the reversibly adheringVibrio MH3 with the irreversibly adheringPseudomonas NCMB2021. MH3 cells were readily removed from the surface by a gentle shear force, and a significant degree of14C-labeling of MH3 cells, but not of NCMB2021 cells, in the bulk phase was observed. The ecological significance of nutrient scavenging at solid surfaces by reversibly attached bacteria is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010482
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of Leptospira at a solid-liquid interface: a model (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Leptospira adhesion ; Solid-liquid interface ; Dynamic model ; Motility ; Reversible ; Irreversible
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of the saprophytic Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc display reversible and irreversible adhesion at a solid-liquid interface. Both forms of adhesion are enhanced in the presence of 20 μM carbonyl cyanide metachlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler which inhibits motility of the bacteria. Microscopic observations also indicated that motility may have a role in adhesion as only actively motile organisms were seen to detach from the substratum. A dynamic model is proposed for adhesion of these organisms at a solid-liquid interface. It is suggested that the level of reversible adhesion is determined by the comparative rates of attachment (ON phase) and detachment (OFF phase). As reversible adhesion is mediated by weak forces of attraction, bacterial motility or gentle washing could promote the OFF phase. When motility is inhibited, the OFF phase is reduced and the ON phase continues (as motility is not required for the ON phase) causing the level of reversible adhesion to increase. Since reversible adhesion is a prerequisite for irreversible adhesion, then increased reversible adhesion leads directly to increased irreversible adhesion. Reversible adhesion appears to be mediated by the weak attractive forces of the “secondary minimum” whereas the mechanism facilitating irreversible adhesion of leptospires is not known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425413
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of respiratory activity on starvation survival of marine vibrios (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Respiration ; Respiratory Na+ pump ; Survival ; Dwarfing ; Vibrios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine bacterium Vibrio fluvialis NCTC11328 responded to nutrient depletion by a reduction in cell volume, and this was prevented by conditions that eliminated respiration as a source of energy. Addition of the protonophore, CCCP, removal of oxygen and introduction of mutations leading to defects of the respiratory chain prevented size reduction during periods of nutrient limitation. Further, survival of the wild-type strain during starvation was reduced under anaerobic conditions and survival of respiratory mutants under aerobic conditions was reduced compared with that of the parent strain. Removal by mutation of the respiratory Na+ pump from Vibrio alginolyticus did not inhibit size reduction or lead to reduced viability in starved cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247817
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The triggering effect of surfaces and surfactants on heat output, oxygen consumption and size reduction of a starving marine Vibrio (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starving bacteria ; Surface response ; Surfactant response ; Microcalorimetry ; Cell volume ; Vibrio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine Vibrio DW1 exhibited a positive response in heat output to a dialysis membrane surface in the presence of substrate (100 mM sodium glutamate) and, more particularly, in the absence of exogenous substrate (starvation conditions). The latter result paralleled the previously reported decrease in cell volume and increase in oxygen consumption by starving bacteria at a similar surface. Modified Morita's salts (MMS) did not extract nutrients from the dialysis membrane, but an artificial seawater containing tris buffer (ASW-tris) did extract surface active and nutrient materials from the membrane. The ASW-tris membrane extract and a commercial surfactant, Tween 85, were found to mimic the effects of the dialysis membrane surface by inducing a decrease in cell volume, and an increasing oxygen consumption and heat output of Vibrio DW1 even in the bulk liquid. The significance of the adsorption of naturally occurring surfactants at surfaces in relation to the behaviour of bacteria at the surfaces is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454920
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in membrane functions during short-term starvation of Vibrio fluvialis strain NCTC 11328 (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 336-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starving bacteria ; Respiration ; Membrane energy ; Membrane proteins ; Cell volume ; Vibrio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The marine bacterium Vibrio fluvialis strain NCTC 11328 responded to starvation conditions by forming ultramicrocells of “dwarf” bacteria. The viability of starved cells began to decrease after 2–3 days. During this time the respiratory potential of the bacteria decreased by four- or fivefold, most probably as a result of a decrease in the specific activity of NADH and succinate dehydrogenases. Although respiratory potential in starving cells was lower than in growing cells, bacteria starved for 1 or 2 days maintained a proton motive force that was slightly larger than that of growing bacteria. Starved bacteria contained substantial concentrations of ATP although the UTP and GTP concentrations were much lower in starved than in growing cells. Two or three proteins that were not present in membranes of growing cells, were evident in the membranes of starved bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406561
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligotrophic and copiotrophic marine bacteria—observations related to attachment (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The initial selective adhesion of bacteria, expressing growth on solid media with low, intermediate, and high nutrient concentrations, to immersed glass surfaces in seawater was examined. Copiotrophic-type bacteria grown on high nutrient medium did not show a competitive advantage as primary colonizers. As compared to bacterial numbers in bulk water, relatively higher numbers of adhered oligotrophic-type bacteria, exhibiting growth on low-nutrient media, were found during the initial phase of adhesion. Higher numbers of copiotrophic rather than oligotrophic-type bacteria were seen in the bulk water. The majority of the adherent bacteria was irreversibly bound. Characteristics such as cell size, degree of cell surface hydrophobicity, and motility of bacterial isolates from the different nutrient concentrations did not account for the observed, possibly selective, adhesion. Although bacteria expressed nutritionally different requirements and adaptations at the time of sampling, successive reinoculations of a total of 161 isolates essentially failed to show the existence of obligacy of any given nutritional type of bacteria. The expression of different nutritional adaptations of bacteria in low-nutrient marine waters was also suggested by showing the inability of oligotrophic-like bacteria to possess starvation survival mechanisms such as those displayed by copiotrophs [3].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01135.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and use of a new vector/transposon, pLBT::mim-Tn10:lac:kan, to identify environmentally responsive genes in a marine bacterium (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 140 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The previously described pLOFKm transposon delivery plasmid (J. Bacteriol. (1990) 172, 6557–6567) was engineered such that a promoterless lacZ gene was cloned within the transposon cassette, generating the vector pLBT. Using pLBT, stable insertion mutations were generated at high frequencies in Vibrio sp. S141 and Pseudomonas sp. S91, and the interrupted genes could be monitored for their pattern of regulation. Genetic screens isolated mutants defective in a variety of activities. We describe the construction and use of pLBT as a tool for reporter gene mutant analysis in bacteria other than well-characterized laboratory strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08351.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotactic response of a marine bacterium to breakdown products of an insoluble substrate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 85 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The basis for this work was to investigate whether bacteria immobilized on or in a solid substrate resulted in the release of low molecular weight products that act as chemoattractants for other bacteria In the surrounding aqueous phase. Chemotaxis of a marine vibrio was observed microscopically along the gradient of breakdown products generated by a Flavobacterium sp. immobilized in an alginate-agar bead. The chemotactic phenomenon was confirmed by a viable counting technique. The chemoattractant was derived from neither the alginate nor the agar but probably was amino acids produced from protein present as a contaminant in the alginate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04726.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of carbon dioxide-inducible genes of the marine bacterium, pseudomonas sp. S91 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 140 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Characterisation of two genes in Pseudomonas sp. S91 that are responsive to carbon dioxide is reported. These were identified by random transposon mutagenesis leading to fusion of the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene to the genes of interest. Expression of the genes' promoters was quantified by measuring the reporter gene product, β-galactosidase. β-Galactosidase synthesis was induced when cells were exposed to 10% CO2 on solid media or during growth in aqueous phase when the culture density was greater than 1 at 610 nm, in either rich or minimal media. Induction of β-galactosidase synthesis was not due to: increased alkalinity, onset of stationary phase, build up of soluble metabolites in the culture supernatant, or cell density-dependent signalling. The CO2-inducible gene fusions were not induced by other environmental conditions that are known to stimulate global regulators of environmental gene expression. Benzole acid (2 mM) induced β-galactosidase synthesis in one of the mutants indicating the CO2 response may involve the intracellular CO2 partial pressure/bicarbonate ion concentration/pH equilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08311.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotactic response of a marine bacterium to breakdown products of an insoluble substrate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 8 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1991.tb01725.x
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