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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in apple fruit during ripening and post-harvest and with special reference to ethylene (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oxidative stress is involved in many biological systems, among which are fruit ripening and senescence. Free radicals play an important role in senescence and ageing processes. Plants have evolved antioxidative strategies in which superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) are the most efficient antioxidant enzymes, influencing patterns of fruit ripening. Variations in total SOD and CAT activities were determined at regular intervals during ripening and senescence in on-tree and cold-stored apple fruits of the cultivars Fuji and Golden Delicious. In all fruits, internal ethylene concentration was also measured. The results suggest that the onset of ripening, signalled by ethylene burst, is closely related to SOD and CAT activities. In on-tree fruits the climacteric peak in ethylene was associated with the peaks of SOD and CAT activity in both cultivars. Quite different results were obtained in cold-stored fruits: Ethylene concentration increased in both cultivars during the storage. CAT activity doubled in both cultivars. SOD activity decreased in Golden Delicious and peaked in Fuji.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040421.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoxygenase activity and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of olive trees in response to drought stress (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 121 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is commonly grown in the Mediterranean basin and is able to resist severe and prolonged drought. Levels of proline (PRO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were determined in 2-year-old olive plants (cv. ‘Coratina’) grown in environmental conditions characterized by high temperatures and high photosynthetic photon flux density levels and gradually subjected to a controlled water deficit for 20 days. Before and during the experimental period, leaf and root samples were collected and analysed for PRO and MDA. The levels of PRO increased in parallel with the severity of drought stress in both leaves and roots. Significant increases of LOX activity and MDA content were also observed during the progressive increment of drought stress in both leaf and root tissues. Measurements of transpiration and photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2 concentration were carried out during the experiment. The accumulation of PRO indicates a possible role of PRO in drought tolerance. The increases of MDA content and LOX activity show that the water deficit is associated with lipid peroxidation mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.00294.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and biochemical aspects of peach fruit abscission (Prunus persica L. Batsch) (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscission (fruit) ; Cellulase ; Fruit abscission ; Polygalacturonase ; Prunus (abscission)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The physiological drop of immature fruits was studied in relation to the activation of the abscission zone located between the fruit and the receptacle. Light- and electron-microscopy observations demonstrated that this zone consisted of two types of parenchymatous cells: in the distal region, closer to the fruit, were groups of small thick-walled cells with few intercellular spaces; in the proximal region, closer to the pedicel, the stillgrouped cells were larger, polyphenolic-rich, and thick-walled but with many wide intercellular spaces. Separation of the fruit occurred by dissolution of the middle lamella of the cells of this zone followed by an increase in the size of the intercellular spaces. Lysis of the middle lamella began at the corners of the cells and spread from there across the entire wall surface. Structural changes were paralleled by an increase in soluble proteins, endo-cellulase and exo-polygalacturonase activity. Isoelectric focusing indicated that both enzymes were present as isoenzymes whose patterns were affected by embryoctomy and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391019
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some plant growth regulator treatments on apple fruit ripening (1998)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 25 (1998), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: apple ; IAA oxidase ; on-tree ripening ; peroxidases ; plant growth regulators ; polyphenoloxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The activity of IAA oxidase (IAAox), peroxidases (POD), and polyphenoloxidases (PPO), as affected by different pre-harvest growth regulator treatments (ABA, AVG, NAA, PDJ), was determined in on-tree ripening apples (cv. “Golden Delicious”) before and during the ethylene climacteric. The production of ethylene was inhibited by AVG and delayed by NAA, whereas ABA and PDJ treatments caused, in the on-tree remaining fruits, a marked fruit drop and a decrease or a slight increase in ethylene levels respectively. While all treatments reduced POD activity, jasmonate increased IAAox and PPO activity. The inhibitory effect of NAA on all enzyme activity seems related to interference with C2H2 action or to a reduced sensitivity of the fruit abscission zone tissues to the hormone. The observed high fruit drop induced by ABA treatment made it impossible to detect differences in enzyme activity. AVG-treated fruits showed no substantial effects on IAAox and PPO activity in comparison to the control, a finding that seems to be related to a delay in all senescence processes caused by the very low level of the inhibited ethylene production. In control fruits IAAox activity increased during the initial ripening stages and decreased thereafter, POD activity increased throughout ripening and PPO showed little variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006081826510
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulk soil pH and rhizosphere pH of peach trees in calcareous and alkaline soils as affected by the form of nitrogen fertilizers (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 176 (1995), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alkaline soil ; calcareous soil ; chlorosis ; nitrogen source ; peach ; Prunus persica L. [Batsch] ; rhizosphere pH ; soil pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One-year old nectarine trees [Prunus persica, Batsch var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.], cv Nectaross grafted on P.S.B2 peach seedlings [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were grown for five months in 4-litre pots filled with two alkaline soils, one of which was also calcareous. Soils were regularly subjected to fertigation with either ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate providing a total of 550 mg N/tree. Trees were also grown in such soils receiving only deionized water, as controls. Rhizosphere pH, measured by the use of a microelectrode inserted in agar sheet containing a bromocresol purple as pH indicator and placed on selected roots, was decreased by about 2–3 units compared to the bulk soil pH in all treatments. This decrease was slightly less marked when plants were supplied with calcium nitrate rather than ammonium sulphate or control. Measurements conducted during the course of the experiment indicated that ammonium concentration was similar in the solution of soils receiving the two N fertilizers. During the experiment, soil solution nitrate-N averaged 115 mg L−1 in soil fertilized with calcium nitrate, 68 mg L−1 in those receiving ammonium sulphate and 1 mg L−1 in control soils. At the end of the experiment nitrate concentrations were similar in soils receiving the two N sources and bulk soil pH was decreased by about 0.4 units by ammonium sulphate fertigation: these evidences suggest a rapid soil nitriflcation activity of added ammonium. Symptoms of interveinal chlorosis in apical leaves appeared during the course of the experiment in trees planted in the alkaline-calcareous soil when calcium nitrate was added. The slightly higher rhizosphere pH for calcium nitrate-fed plants may have contributed to this. The findings suggest that using ammonium sulphate in a liquid form (e.g. by fertigation) in high-pH soils leads to their acidification and the micronutrient availability may be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011790
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