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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Changes in cell volume affect a variety of sarcolemmal transport processes in the heart. To study whether osmotically induced cell volume shrinkage has functional consequences for K+ channel activity, guinea-pig cardiac preparations were superfused with hyperosmotic Tyrode's solution (1.2–2-fold normal osmolality). Membrane currents and cell surface dimensions were measured from whole-cell patch-clamped ventricular myocytes and membrane potentials were recorded from isolated ventricular muscles and non-patched myocytes.2. Hyperosmotic treatment of myocytes quickly (〈 3 min to steady state) shrank cell volume (approximately 20% reduction in 1.5-fold hyperosmotic solution) and depressed the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK). Analysis using different activation protocols and a selective inhibitor (5 µmol/L E4031) indicated that the IK inhibition was due to osmolality and cell volume-dependent changes in the two subtypes of the classical cardiac IK (rapidly activating IKr and slowly activating IKs); 1.5-fold hyperosmotic treatment depressed the amplitudes of IKr and IKs by approximately 30 and 50%, respectively.3. Superfusion of muscles and myocytes with 1.5-fold hyperosmotic solution lengthened the action potentials by 14–17%. Hyperosmotic treatment also caused 6–7 mV hyperpolarization that is most likely due to a concentrating of intracellular K+.4. The inhibition of IK helps explain the lengthening of action potentials observed in osmotically stressed heart cells. These results, together with the reported IK stimulation by hyposmotic cell swelling, provide further support for cell volume-sensitive properties of cardiac electrical activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A patient with ectopic pheochromocytoma that developed in the spermatic cord about 5 years after successive resections of bilateral carotid body tumors and bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas is reported. This is thought to be the first case of pheochromocytoma of the spermatic cord in a setting of multiplicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Risk analysis 21 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Ecological risk from the development of a wetland is assessed quantitatively by means of a new risk measure, expected loss of biodiversity (ELB). ELB is defined as the weighted sum of the increments in the probabilities of extinction of the species living in the wetland due to its loss. The weighting for a particular species is calculated according to the length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree that will be lost if the species becomes extinct. The length of the branch on the phylogenetic tree is regarded as reflecting the extent of contribution of the species to the taxonomic diversity of the world of living things. The increments in the probabilities of extinction are calculated by a simulation used for making the Red List for vascular plants in Japan. The resulting ELB for the loss of Nakaikemi wetland is 9,200 years. This result is combined with the economic costs for conservation of the wetland to produce a value for the indicator of the “cost per unit of biodiversity saved.” Depending on the scenario, the value is 13,000 yen per year-ELB or 110,000 to 420,000 yen per year-ELB (1 US dollar = 110 yen in 1999).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 49 (1984), S. 4315-4317 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 9 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We consider a mathematical model for the coevolution of a plant's defense against herbivores and the herbivore's ability to exploit the plant. The result of coevolution is predicted using the phase portrait of trait value dynamics and contour plots of fitnesses. The following results are derived: (1) The fitnesses of both plant and herbivore are higher at an “armless” state in which both plant and herbivore invest a minimum amount of energy and/or resources in defense and feeding respectively, than at the coevolutionarily stable state (CSS); (2) Perpetual increase in the trait values of both species may occur when the marginal costs of defense and feeding abilities decrease as these abilities increase; (3) If the marginal costs of defense and feeding abilities increase as the abilities increase, there is a coevolutionary equilibrium with finite trait values; (4) There may be more than one coevolutionarily stable state (CSS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ethology 7 (1989), S. 105-112 
    ISSN: 1439-5444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolution of reciprocal cooperation between non-relatives is studied. Food-sharing of vampire bats studied by Wilkinson (1984) and egg-trading of simultaneous hermaphroditic fish studied by Fisher (1980) are respectively considered as Thompson's reciprocal assistance and the iterated Hero game. Those models predicted the following: (1) Reciprocal assistance between adult bats is evolutionarily stable if they repeatedly interact for a long time. However, (2) the cost for an adult to assist a juvenile is too high to be compensated by the benefit from the juvenile. (3) A particular signal, which determines the sex role of each partner, is always displayed by a “heroic” partner which releases eggs with a larger cost. (4) If alternation of sex roles is established, then the evolutionarily stable frequency of displaying a signal of egg-release increases as the frequency of divorce decreases, and (5) a “cheating” strategy, which releases sperm on every spawning bout, is less advantageous than reciprocal cooperation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour étudier l'influence des différentes techniques de reconstruction après résection pour cancer de l'esophage sur la qualité de vie postopératoire, on a interviewé 50 patients opérés et indemnes de récidive. Parmi ceux-ci, 9 avaient eu une reconstruction en position présternale (group 1), 24 par une voie rétrosternale (groupe 2) alors que 17 avaient eu une anastomose intrathoracique (groupe 3). Des difficultés d'alimentation ont été observées chez respectivement 22; 41.6 et 5.% des patients dans les groupes 1, 2 et 3. Un syndrome de dumping a été observé chez respectivement 11.1, 12.5 et 11.8%. Un pyrosis n'a été noté que dans deux cas du groupe 3. Une perte de poids supérieure à un Kg a été observée chez respectivement 33.3, 41.7 et 41.2% des patients. Il n'y avait aucune différence postopératoire en ce qui concerne les tests de performance ou les tests de laboratoire. En conclusion, bien que la voie intrathoracique soit la meilleure en ce qui concerne l'alimentation, il n'y avait aucune différence quant à la qualité de vie pour les trois techniques.La qualité de vie s'est amélioré progrèssivement chez tous les patients quelle que soit la technique employée s'il n'avait pas de récidive.
    Abstract: Resumen Con el propósito de determinar la influencia sobre la calidad de vida de los procedimientos operatorios de reconstrucción luego de la resección de un cancer esofágico, se realizaron entrevistas para valorar los factores tanto subjetivos como objetivos relativos a la calidad de la vida en 50 pacientes libres de enfermedad recurrente. En este grupo de 50 pacientes se practicó reconstrucción por la vía anterotorácica en 9 (Grupo I), por la ruta retroesternal en 24 (Grupo II) y se practicó anastomosis intratorácica en 17 (Grupo III). Se demostró alteración en el paso de los alimentos en 22.0%, 41.6% y 5.9% en los Grupos I, II y III, repectivamente; se evidenciaron sítomas de “dumping” en 11.1%, 12.5% y 11.8% en cada grupo. Sólo se encontró pirosís en dos casos en el Grupo III. Pérdida de peso mayor de 1.0 kg frente al peso preoperatorio fue obsevada en 33.3%, 41.7% y 41.2%, respectivamente. No hubo diferencia en cuanto a la actividad física postoperatoria ni en los hallazgos de laboratorio entre los grupos. Por lo tanto, aunque la anastomosís intratorácica es más favorable en cuanto al buen paso de los alimentos, no se evidencian diferencias significativas en los demás factores pertinentes a calidad de vida entre las diferentes rutas de reconstrucción, y la calidad de la vida mejoró paulatinamente en todos los grupos con el paso del tiempo en estos pacientes libres de recurrencia postoperatoria de su cáncer esofágico.
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the influence of the operative procedures of reconstruction after resection of esophageal cancer on the postoperative quality of life, an interview was conducted and subjective and objective factors related to the quality of life were evaluated in 50 patients without a recurrence of esophageal cancer. Among the 50 cases, reconstruction by the antethoracal route was performed in 9 (group I) and by the retrosternal route in 24 (group II). Intrathoracic anastomosis was done in 17 (group III). A postoperative disturbance of the food passage was seen 22.0, 41.6, and 5.9% in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dumping symptom was evident 11.1, 12.5, and 11.8%, respectively. Heartburn was seen only in two cases, in group III. A body weight loss of more than 1.0 kg from preoperative weight was seen in 33.3, 41.7, and 41.2% of groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was no difference in the postoperative performance status or laboratory data among the groups. Thus, although intrathoracic anastomosis was favorable for postoperative food passage, there was no significant difference in any other factors in the quality of life among the routes of reconstruction, and the quality of life gradually improved in patients of all groups as postoperative time passed in the cases without postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophageal carcinoma ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Lymphoid stroma ; S-100 Protein positive cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We treated a 70-year-old Japanese man with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus with evidence of lymphoid stroma. The tumour consisted of a main lesion invading the muscular layer of the oesophagus, in association with wide areas of carcinoma in situ. The tumour stroma of the lesion was nondesmoplastic and was uniformly infiltrated mainly by abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemically, the lymphocytes consisted of a large number of T lymphocytes and a small number of B lymphocytes. S-100 protein positive cells were marked in the tumour cell nests and necrotic change of tumour cells was frequent. Abundant infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells was also wide-spread beneath the carcinoma in situ, together with the lymphoid follicles. Carcinoma with lymphoid stroma can occur not only in the breast, uterine cervix, nasopharynx and stomach but also in the oesophagus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 35 (1996), S. 839-845 
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We obtain the mutual information of Ising systems, which shows singular behavior near the critical point. We connect the mutual information with the magnetization and the correlation function. The mutual information is a suitable measure for the critical behavior of Ising systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: synchronous double cancer ; esophageal cancer ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; etiology ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ongoing analysis of 762 patients with esophageal cancer revealed 4 (0.52%) male patients with synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A long history of habitual alcohol intake and heavy cigarette smoking was recognized in all four patients and, therefore, the possibility of these two factors being independent risk factors for this double cancer was suggested. Palliative treatment was undertaken since either one or both cancers were too far advanced, or because liver function was poor even in those patients with resectable cancers. The prognosis correlated more closely to the TNM stage of esophageal cancer rather than the HCC and the causes of death were related to the esophageal cancer in all four patients. These findings suggest that, in patients with this combination of double cancer, the state of the esophageal cancer may be a more reliable prognostic factor than that of the HCC and thus, the curability of esophageal cancer is of primary importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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