Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Lava flow ; Crystal preferred orientation Deformation ; Simple shear ; Bingham/viscoplastic flows
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Shape-preferred orientation and imbrication structures of crystals have been measured on samples representative of the base, centre and top of a highly viscous lava flow on Salina (Aeolian Islands, southern Tyrrhenian Sea). The data allow zones with different deformation patterns to be identified. In the base and top of the flow, deformation leads to the development of discrete preferred orientation and imbrication of the elongate crystals. The sense of shear is right-lateral at the base and left-lateral at the top of the flow. Shear strain can be estimated by the analysis of crystal preferred orientation. Deformation increases from the flow centre to the outer, more viscous boundary layers. Random orientation of crystals in the inner zone supports the presence of plug flow in a pseudoplastic lava. The textural features of the studied lava may be related to different mechanisms (i.e. lateral expansion). We conclude that the observed crystal alignments and imbrication structures may be related to a plug flow moving between two non-deforming walls. The walls are represented by the solidified, broken upper and basal crust of the flow. The low shear strain values calculated in the outer margins of the flow are indicative of the last deformation event. Crystal preferred orientation and imbrication structures may be related to the occurrence of velocity gradients existing between the inner zone of the flow and its solidus or near-solidus outer margins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 69 (1980), S. 292-323 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract According to the collected Data, two volcanic cycles were stipulated. The first cycle begins during Serravallian and consists of products with calc-alkaline affinity, among which high K-type prevails. It came to an end between 5 and 6 m. y. with largely extended ignimbrite covers. Following this, a second cycle characterised by mainly fissure lava flows with Na-alcaline affinity (ne-normative and hy-normative) took place and continued to recent times, assuming a central character during the Quaternary. In this period the emmitted magma shows beside the continuing alkaline activity a transitional character and tholeiitic affinity. Variations within the volcanological and mineralogical character were found to be consistent with the tectonic evolution of the area. This evolution is characterised by two main tectonic phases that developed during Eocene and at the limit between Miocene and Pliocene respectively. These two phases were found to match with the two main volcanic cycles. The important variations noticed in the evolution of both volcanism and coeval deformation can, however, be explained according to a Geodynamic cycle as resulting from the complex indentation mechanism of the Turkish-Iranian mass by the Arabian plate. Alkaline magma generation as well as the subalkalic and oversaturated character of Quaternary volcanics in the study area could be explained as a result of stress field variation together with a change of the physico-chemical conditions in the mantle. It is, however, concluded that rigid application of models on the nature and evolution of volcanism usually accepted for the lithosphere convergence areas, is largely unsatisfactory in this region.
    Abstract: Résumé Conformément aux données receuillies, deux cycles volcaniques ont été reconnus. Le premier cycle commence pendant le Serravallien et consiste en produits à affinité calco-alcaline, parmi lesquels le type à K élevée prédomine. Il prit fin entre 5 et 6 M. an., avec l'émission de grandes couvertures ignimbritiques. Vint ensuite une second cycle caractérisé par des coulées de lave principalement fissurales, à affinité alcaline Na (normative en ne et normative en hy); il se continua jusque dans les temps récents, prenant un caractère central au cours du Quaternaire. Au cours de cette période, le magma émis montre, en plus d'une activité alcaline persistante, un caractère transitionel et une affinité tholéiitique. Des variations dans le caractère volcanologique et minéralogique se sont montrées consistantes avec l'évolution tectonique de la région. Cette évolution est caractérisée par deux phases tectoniques principales qui se sont développées pendant l'Eocène et à la limite Miocène-Pliocène. Ces deux phases se sont montrées en coïncidence avec les deux cycles volcaniques principaux. Les variations importantes dans l'évolution et dans la déformation concomittante peuvent toutefois être expliquées conformément au cycle géodynamique comme étant le résultat du mécanisme d'intentation complexe du massif turco-iranien par la plaque arabique. La génération du magma alcalin, comme aussi le caractère subalcalin et sursaturé des volcanites quaternaires dans la région étudiée, peut s'expliquer comme le résultat d'une variation dans le champ de forces en même temps que d'un changement des conditions physico-chimiques dans le manteau. On conclut toutefois que l'application rigide de modèles sur la nature et l'évolution du volcanisme, couramment admises pour les aires convergentes de la lithosphère, est loin de donner satisfaction dans cette région.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwei vulkanische Zyklen lassen sich in den jungen Vulkaniten des Van-See in der NETürkei erkennen. Der erste Zyklus beginnt im Serravallium und hat Kalkalkali-Vulkanite erbracht, wobei hohe K-Typen überwiegen. Vor 5–6 Millionen Jahren war diese Phase mit ausgedehnten Ignimbrit-Decken zu Ende gegangen. Der zweite Zyklus zeigt vorwiegend Spaltenergüsse mit Na-Alkali-Vulkaniten (ne-normativ und hy-normativ), die bis heute anhalten. Während dieser Periode zeigen die Magmen neben der Alkalivormacht auch einen Übergang zu Tholeiiten. Variationen im Vulkanismus und im mineralogischen Charakter laufen gleichzeitig mit der geotektonischen Evolution des Gebietes. Die Entwicklung wird durch zwei tektonische Phasen markiert: im Eozän und an der Wende Miozän zu Pliozän. Diese tektonischen Beanspruchungen laufen parallel mit dem Vulkanismus. Diese bedeutenden Zeitabschnitte, die in der Tektonik und im Vulkanismus dokumentiert sind, hängen mit der komplexen geotektonischen Geschichte des türkisch-iranischen Blocks und der Arabischen Platte zusammen. Alkali-Magmen, sowie subalkalische Produkte und der übersättigte Charakter des quartären Vulkanismus können auf ein wechselndes Streßfeld der Erdkruste sowie auf den Wechsel der physikalisch-chemischen Bedingungen im Mantel zurückgeführt werden. Es soll jedoch besonders gezeigt werden, daß die starre Anwendung der Modelle auf die Entwicklung des Vulkanismus und der Tektonik in diesem Gebiet zu keinen befriedigenden Ergebnissen führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A widespread volcanism mainly consisting of pyroclastic products and lava flows is found in the Southern Alps of Lombardy. The volcanics are interbedded with Anisian-Ladinian carbonatic sequences and continental terrigenous or transitional deposits of Ladinian-Carnian age. The petrographic and geochemical data for this volcanism indicate a calc-alkaline affinity with characters similar to those of convergent continental margins. In this sector of the Alps the geological evidences show that in the middle Triassic general extensional movements were the dominant deformation event, and do not support the existence of a subduction zone during this period. The apparent contrast between the tectonic environment and the type of magmas erupted in the Anisian-Carnian is tentatively explained by partial melting during the early stage of rifting of an upper mantle deeply modified during the previous Hercynian orogenesis and contaminated by crustal material. This hypothesis is in agreement with the preliminary Sr isotopic ratios (0.705 and 0.709). K/Ar and Rb/Sr ages on biotites date the beginning of the volcanism at around 225 m.y.
    Abstract: Résumé Un volcanisme très répandu constitué surtout par des produits pyroclastiques et par des coulées de lave se trouve dans les Alpes Méridionales en Lombardie. Ces produits volcaniques sont intercalés dans la série carbonatique du bassin d'âge Anisien-Ladinien et dans les dépôts terrigènes continentaux ou transitionnels d'âge Ladinien-Carnien. Les données pétrographiques et géochimiques de ces produits volcaniques montrent une affinité calcoalcaline avec des caractères semblables à ceux des marges continentales convergentes. Dans le Trias moyen de cette partie des Alpes, les données géologiques indiquent que le motif dominant de la déformation est un mouvement d'extension très répandu, tandis qu'il n'y a aucune évidence de l'existence d'une zone de subduction durant cette période. Le contraste entre le style tectonique et le type de magma mis en place dans l'Anisien-Carnien, peut être expliqué par une fusion partielle du manteau supérieur pendant un stade précoce d'effondrement modifié intensément pendant la précédente orogenèse hercynienne et contaminé par des matériaux d'origine crustale. Cette hypothèse est en accord avec des données préliminaires des rapports isotopiques du Sr (0.705 et 0.709). Des âges K/Ar et Rb/Sr sur des biotites donnent 225 m.a. environ pour le début de l'activité volcanique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den Südalpen der Lombardei befindet sich ein weitverbreiteter Vulkanismus, der hauptsächlich aus pyroklastischen Produkten und Lavaströmen besteht. Vulkanische Produkte sind mit anisisch-ladinischen beckenartigen Karbonat-Schichtfolgen oder mit ladinisch-karnischen kontinental-terrestrischen oder Übergangsablagerungen eingebettet. Die petrographischen und geochemischen Daten für diesen Vulkanismus weisen auf eine den konvergenten Kontinentalschelfen ähnliche kalkalkaline Affinität hin. In diesem Sektor der Alpen zeigen die geologischen Beobachtungen, daß die dominanten Verformungsereignisse der mittleren Trias allgemeine Dehnungsbewegungen waren und weisen nicht auf die Existenz einer Subduktionszone zu dieser Zeit hin. Der scheinbare Widerspruch zwischen dem tektonischen Milieu und dem im Anis bis Karn ausgeworfenen Magmatyp wird versuchsweise mit einer Teilaufschmelzung eines während der vorhergehenden herzynischen Orogenese tief veränderten und mit Krustenmaterial verunreinigten oberen Mantels während der Frühphase einer Grabenbildung erklärt. Diese Hypothese ist im Einklang mit den präliminaren Sr-Isotopenverhältnissen (0.705 und 0.709). K/Ar und Rb/Sr Altersmessungen an Biotiten datieren den Anfang der vulkanischen Tätigkeit um 225 Ma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The geochemical characteristics of primitive tholeiitic and alkaline volcanic rocks that erupted in the Plio-Pleistocene along fissures on the Hyblean plateau in Sicily (Italy) were used to constrain the mantle sources involved in the volcanic activity of this area of the Mediterranean. It is shown that some of the Hyblean plateau magmas with the most extreme isotopic compositions have combined radiogenic Nd, Sr and Pb, a feature that is distinct from the mixing end-members of the oceanic array. In addition, alkalinity in the basalts is found to be positively correlated with an increase in some HFSE ratios (e.g. Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf) and negatively correlated with ratios between HFSE and MREE (e.g. Ti/Eu), a characteristic that is attributed to a mantle source that has been modified by a carbonatitic metasomatic agent. This metasomatic enrichment had the effect of increasing the U/Pb of portions of the lower lithosphere, possibly by adding phases such as sodic pyroxene and apatite to the basalt-depleted lithosphere. It is suggested that rock types that formed by melting metasomatized portions of lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary affected by this recent enrichment in U/Pb fall along a trend with a shallow slope in a plot of 206Pb/204Pb versus 207Pb/204Pb, and have Nd isotopic compositions that are as radiogenic as present day MORB. The isotopic compositions and trace-element concentrations of the Hyblean plateau basalts are, therefore, mostly consistent with the interaction of a MORB-type mantle source with a young lithosphere that was probably formed in the Phanerozoic and metasomatized by CO2-rich fluids, possibly during the Jurassic. The absence of a geochemical component indicative of involvement of older Proterozoic lithosphere and continental crust in the evolution of these magmas distinguishes them from those erupted along the margins of the Tyrrhenian sea, and supports the suggestion that at least portions of the lithosphere underneath Sicily have oceanic affinity and may be genetically related to the adjacent Ionian abyssal plain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 112 (1992), S. 450-462 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Volcanic rocks on the island of Lipari show the entire range of Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions displayed by other islands in the Aeolian archipelago. The rapid isotopic evolution of subaerial volcanic rocks on Lipari towards crustal values together with the appropriate isotopic composition of the neighbouring Calabrian crust (Serre) indicate that many geochemical characteristics observed in the lavas can be attributed to contamination and mixing with crustal materials and melts. Interpretation of the data is complicated by the fact that underplating onto the crust-mantle boundary and the specific lithologies present in the crustal section differ underneath each individual sector of the island. In the central and northern parts of the island, metapelitic rocks were incorporated to provide the more radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions of some lavas. The products from M. Guardia in the southern part of Lipari, where activity is restricted to the last 30–40 ka, bear geochemical similarities to the island of Vulcano, where it is proposed that considerable remobilization of the crust took place in the presence of mafic mantle-derived melts. On Lipari the petrogenetic processes of magma mixing and assimilation dominate over fractional crystallization, and the observed increase of K2O over Na2O can be correlated with contributions from metapelitic crustal lithologies. It is suggested that the variability in isotopic composition and the budget of alkalis (Na2O versus K2O) in the lavas can be explained by invoking a heat source from an intruding asthenospheric MORB-type mantle into a cooler lithospheric crust/mantle during the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The volcanic products from Lipari define an evolutionary trend with a high gradient of K-enrichment, similar to the calc-alkaline to potassic volcanism of other islands in the Aeolian arc. Stratigraphic reconstruction of the island based on field and geochronological data indicate that the volcanic activity can be subdivided in two stages. The first stage, from 223 to 42 ka, consists of six eruptive cycles and is characterized by basalts and basalt-andesites showing progressive increase in both SiO2 and K2O contents with time. The second stage consists of four cycles erupted since 42 ka and is marked by an apparent rejuvenation of the geochemical system with the appearance of the first rhyolitic products. Fractional crystallization, assimilation and mixing models suggest that the geochemistry of Lipari volcanism evolved with time by a complex interplay between two mantle-derived components, one sub-alkaline and the other alkaline, in addition to crustal melts and/or crustally-derived materials. A petrogenetic model in which fractional crystallization was subordinate to mixing best fits the geochemical data and petrographic observations of macro- and microscopic features. Melts from the crustal and mantle end-members are almost always present in the system but the relative proportions appear to vary with time. The sub-alkaline mantle component (source of Tyrrhenian tholeiites) is an important contributor to the early evolution of the volcanism in Lipari; input from the alkaline mantle component (source of the Roman Comagmatic Province) increases with time, and the crustal component becomes dominant in the later activity. The preferred petrogenetic model for the temporal evolution of the volcanic system in Lipari involves melting initially caused by an increase in the thermal input related to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Sea and/or to subduction processes. The quick rise of the isotherms and almost contemporaneous melting of source materials with different compositions favored complex mixing during ascent of the melts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Tertiary volcanism of Eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace (Greece) developed in association with the sedimentary basin which formed, from Eocene to Oligocene, along the southern margin of the Rhodope Massif. The volcanic products, ranging in composition from basaltic andesites to rhyolites, show an overall calc-alkaline orogenic affinity, while chemical characteristics identify different groups of rocks, probably reflecting minor differences among parent magmas. The observed evolution within any group of rocks is compatible with fractional crystallization processes acting on relatively shallow magma bodies. The Sr isotopic composition of rhyolitic member shows an initial87Sr/86Sr ratio comparable with that of basaltic andesites, reinforcing the hypothesis of a crystal/liquid line of descent. Geochemical and petrographic evidence, on the whole, suggests that the investigated orogenic association developed on an active continental margin characterized by a relatively thick crust, acting as a density filter for the basic magmas and facilitating their storage and fractionation within the crust itself. Minor contamination by interaction with host materials may also have occurred. Stratigraphic and K/Ar geochronological data indicate that the volcanic activity started in Upper Eocene and reached its maximum development in Upper Oligocene. From Lower Miocene, the volcanism shifted southward in the Central Aegean area and in part of Western Anatolia, coming to an end by Middle Miocene. The southward migration of the volcanic front has been interpreted as a consequence of the increase in the dipping of the Benioff zone, due to the decrease of penetrative strength after the main phase of continental collision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...