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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical equivalence of two tablet formulations of felodipine (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1995), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Felodipine ; Hypertension ; extended release formulation ; tolerability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: This study was performed to assess whether a new formulation of felodipine extended release (FER) tablets with a 9 mm diameter is similar to the presently used 11 mm diameter FER formulation with respect to antihypertensive effect and tolerability in patients with essential hypertension. A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, three-way cross-over study design was used. Patients: Twenty-four patients with a supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 95–115 mmHg after a 4-week placebo run-in period were given FER 5 mg 9 mm tablets, FER 5 mg 11 mm tablets and placebo in randomised order. The tablets were given once daily and each double-blind treatment period lasted for two weeks. Methods: Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed at the end of each treatment period. The primary effect variable was mean DBP over 24 hours. Nineteen patients had 24-hour blood pressure data valid for analysis using an analysis of variance with patient, treatment, period and carry-over as factors. Results: Both formulations of FER 5 mg tablets significantly reduced the mean 24-hour DBP compared to placebo. The 9 and 11 mm tablets resulted in, on average, 4.7 and 3.4 mmHg lower mean 24-hour DBP than placebo. There was, however, no significant difference between the two different FER formulations. Both FER formulations were well tolerated and similar to placebo in this respect. Conclusion: Both FER 5 mg tablet formulations (9 and 11 mm diameter), given once daily, were clinically equivalent with respect to antihypertensive effect and tolerability in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192375
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enalapril reduces the catecholamine response to exercise in patients with heart failure (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 485-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; noradrenaline ; treadmill exercise ; heart failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Increased sympathetic activity occurs in congestive heart failure and may have deleterious effects. To examine the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition on sympathetic activity in heart failure, the noradrenaline response to exercise was measured in 18 patients given enalapril or placebo in double-blind trial. The plasma noradrenaline response to graded exercise was significantly reduced after 4 weeks on active treatment but was unchanged by placebo treatment. The rate-pressure product at maximal exercise was significantly reduced after 4 weeks in the enalapril group but unchanged in the placebo group. These results suggest that ACE inhibition reduces sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607965
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIFFERENTIATION OF NORADRENERGIC AND DOPAMINERGIC NERVES IN THE RAT KIDNEY: EVIDENCE AGAINST SIGNIFICANT DOPAMINERGIC INNERVATION (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 10 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In the rat kidney catecholaminergic nerve elements were identified by fluorescence histochemistry in perivascular plexuses around corticula arteries and juxtaglomerular arterioles and in medullary vascular bundles. Fluorescence was abolished in all areas 24 h after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 150 mg/kg i.v.). Protection of noradrenergic endings from destruction by 6-OHDA was afforded by pretreatment with desipramine (DMI; 25 mg/kg i.p.) which restored fluorescence towards control levels. By semiquantitative analysis fluorescence was identical in juxtaglomerular regions but slightly reduced around larger vessels in (DMI + 6-OHDA)-treated rats when compared to controls.2. Changes in tissue noradrenaline content, but not dopamine content, paralleled the changes in nerve fluorescence. Noradrenaline content was 4.10 pmol/mg protein (s.e.m. =0.22, n= 32) in controls and was reduced by 90% to 0.40 pmol/mg (s.e.m. =0.05, n= 23) in 6-OHDA-treated and by 26% to 3.01 pmol/mg (s.e.m. = 0.21, n= 23) in (DMI + 6-OHDA)-treated rats. Kidney dopamine content was 0.38 pmol/mg protein (s.e.m. =0.05, n= 32) in controls and was reduced by 55% to 0.18 pmol/mg (s.e.m. =0.02, n=17) in 6-OHDA-treated and by 53% to 0.17 pmol/mg (s.e.m. =0.02, n= 23) in (DMI +6-OHDA)-treated rats.3. The renin response to haemorrhage was examined in pentobarbitone sodium-anaesthetized rats as a test of functional integrity of renal nerves in the three groups. Progressive 1 ml haemorrhages (to total blood loss of 4 ml, 1.3% body weight) resulted in similar increases in plasma renin activity in controls and (DMI + 6-OHDA)-treated animals but the response was significantly attenuated in 6-OHDA-treated rats.4. Renal catecholaminergic nerves appear to be predominantly noradrenergic. It is doubtful if a significant intrarenal dopaminergic system exists in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1983.tb00223.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION: DOES IT REALLY EXIST ON AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING? (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The diagnosis of isolated systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and normotension in elderly subjects, as defined by casual office blood pressure measurement, was compared with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using an Accutracker II.2. Mean day-time ambulatory blood pressure monitoring underestimated the casual systolic blood pressure in all three clinical groups. Diastolic pressure was not underestimated to the same extent.3. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring best reflected casual blood pressure determination for normotensive subjects. In subjects with isolated systolic hypertension ambulatory blood pressures were only consistent with that diagnosis for 8% of the day time period. For 34% of the day time, their ambulatory blood pressures were consistent with diastolic/ mixed hypertension.4. It is concluded that isolated systolic hypertension may not be a sustained condition, but rather an isolated response to office measurement of blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01306.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY DURING GRADED HEAD-UP TILTING IN PATIENTS WITH VASODEPRESSOR SYNCOPE (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Two groups of age- and sex-matched subjects, eight healthy controls and 10 patients, suffering from recurrent vasodepressor syncope, participated in a study to examine autonomic function and sequential changes in power distribution of heart rate (HR) variability during graded head-up tilt.2. The following autonomic function tests were performed valsalva ratio, HR responses to deep breathing and posture, BP responses to sustained handgrip and postural change. Each subject was tilted at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 80° head-up, each for 15 min, or until symptoms occurred. The eight control subjects completed the tilt study without any symptoms, while all 10 patients developed presyncope and/or syncope at various tilt angles.3. Resting blood pressure (BP) was lower in the patient group, while resting HR, autonomic function tests and resting HR variability components were similar in the two groups.4. The control group showed a progressive increase in low frequency power component (LF) from supine to end tilt (ΔLF 20.06 ± 14.50%) and a progressive fall in high frequency (HF) component (ΔHF—24.62 ± 10.64%). In contrast, in the patient group, LF fell during tilt in the presyncope period (ΔLF -10.57 ± 12.93%, P 〈 0.01 vs control group). HF and HF: LF ratio responses did not differ significantly in the two groups.5. At end tilt, the increase in plasma noradrenaline was significantly greater in the control group than in the patient group (ΔNA 0.83 ± 0.27 vs 0.28 ± 0.14 pmol/mL, P 〈 0.01). Plasma adrenaline: noradrenaline ratio at end tilt did not change in the control group, but increased significantly in the patient group (supine 0.07 ± 0.03, end tilt 0.16 ± 0.09, P 〈 0.05).6. It was concluded that sympathetic withdrawal plays a major role in the mechanism of vasodepressor syncope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02048.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SYMPATHETIC REGULATION IN RABBITS WITH HEART FAILURE: EXPERIENCE USING POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In five intact rabbits β-adrenoreceptor blockade (i.v. propranolol), and combined cardiac blockade (i.v. propranolol plus i.v. methscopolamine sulphate) revealed that spectral power of heart rate (HR) variability at low frequencies (LF: 0.0625–0.1875 Hz) was modulated predominantly by the sympathetic nervous system and power at high frequencies (HF: 0.4373–0.5625 Hz) by vagal influences.2. In 16 rabbits resting power of HR at LF and changes in LF power in response to maximal treadmill exercise were examined prior to and after 4 and 6 weeks of doxorubicin treatment (1 mg/kg twice weekly).3. The development of doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) was accompanied by a progressive increase in resting LF power [control, 8.5 ± 2.1; 4 weeks, 13.4 ± 1.8; 6 weeks, 21.9 ± 3.5 (beats/min)2, P 〈 0.005].4. Power spectral analysis (PSA) of HR variability in the immediate post-exercise period showed no change from resting values in normal rabbits [5.3 ± 1.4 vs 8.5 ± 2.1 (beats/min)2, P〉0.05] whereas CHF rabbits showed falls in LF power after 4 weeks [4.6 ± 1.0 vs 13.4 ± 1.8 (beats/min)2, P 〈 0.005] and 6 weeks [6.5 ± 2.4 vs 21.9 ± 3.5 (bents/min)2, P 〈 0.005] of doxorubicin treatment.5. It was concluded that PSA of HR variability reflects the autonomic regulation of sinus node function in conscious rabbits. In doxorubicin-treated animals, the rise in LF power reflects increased sympathetic activity as CHF develops. However, the apparent paradoxical fall in LF power with exercise in these animals underscores the need for caution in interpretation of PSA profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02049.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IS ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION A WHITE COAT’ PHENOMENON IN THE ELDERLY? (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Repeated clinic blood pressure measurement was compared with non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring in 10 elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and 11 normotensive controls (NT).2. Subjects were assessed on four occasions at weekly intervals. None was receiving antihypertensive or vasoactive medication.3. Mean clinic blood pressure was consistently higher than mean daytime ABP in both clinical groups. This effect was greater for systolic (SBP) than diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and in the ISH group compared with the NT group. The reproducibility of the clinic minus ABP difference was high in both groups; the mean±s.d. of the differences was 26± 15/9 ± 2 mmHg in the ISH group and 7 ± 18/8 ± 9 mmHg in the controls.4. ABP readings were normally distributed for both SBP and DBP in both groups. In the ISH group, the frequency distribution of SBP readings was shifted to the right whilst the distribution of DBP readings overlapped that of the NT subjects.5. These results suggest a pressor response may largely account for the elevated SBP seen in elderly subjects with sustained ISH based on casual readings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00454.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SAMPLE SIZE REQUIREMENTS FOR CLINICAL TRIALS OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. This study investigated components of blood pressure variability in elderly subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) using both ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and casual clinic blood pressure measurement. These were then used to determine sample size requirements for clinical trials of different designs.2. Eleven elderly subjects not receiving antihypertensive medication were seen on four occasions at weekly intervals. On each occasion blood pressure was measured in the clinic and then for 24 h using a non-invasive ABPM device. Nested analysis of variance was used to calculate the ‘between subject’ and ‘between subject within occasion’ components of blood pressure variability.3. Increasing the number of readings or occasions where measurement was performed in a parallel group trial only reduced the variability substantially when the number of subjects involved was less than 50. Use of a cross-over design substantially reduced the sample size required.4. ABPM appears most useful as a strategy for reducing sample size in parallel group trials in ISH involving small numbers of subjects measured on one occasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00455.x
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