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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ouabain ; Scilla-Glycosides ; Brain Capillaries ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Cerebral Blood Flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac glycosides which inhibit Na/K-ATPase (ouabain, scilliroside, scillirosidin) as well as heparin and histamine were infused into a cannulated branch of the middle cerebral artery or by isolated head perfusion in cats and dogs. Ouabain permeating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) caused the same selective swelling of astrocytes and of certain presynaptic elements as after direct application to the brain tissue. The other cellular elements of brain tissue and the vascular endothelium did not react, although the latter was exposed to the highest drug concentrations (about 10−3 M ouabain). By the swelling about one third of the capillaries became more or less constricted accompanied by an increase in endothelial vesiculation and in the number of osmiophilic inclusions in all cells of the vascular wall and of the pericapillary tissue. Osmiophilic material resembling plasma proteins occurred in widened intercellular clefts indicating an increased BBB permeability after survival times (40 min). In contrast to the capillaries some terminal vessels are dilated which may correspond to shunt vessels causing an inhomogeneous, even increased cerebral blood flow after ouabain. Scilliroside and scillirosidin cause essentially the same changes as ouabain, but of smaller intensity and extent. In the present study, neither histamine nor heparin caused any structural change of the vessels or brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; A4 protein ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Senile plaque ; Neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 20 unselected autopsy cases tissue blocks from the hippocampus with adjacent entorhinal cortex and neocortex were stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). From five brains shown to have large numbers of senile plaques tissue, adjacent to that taken for AChE tissue blocks, was embedded in paraffin and sections were immunostained for the A4 protein. The morphological aspects were compared. Equivalent types of plaques and plaque-like structures were observed in the A4- and ACHE-stained sections. On selected tissue blocks from patients with many senile plaques two immediately adjacent cryostat sections were stained, one for AChE and one for A4 protein. The same individual plaques could be identified on the two sections. These findings suggest that high AChE activity is intimately associated with the process of A4 protein formation and accumulation in plaques and that this association already occurs at a very carly stage of plaque formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Capillaries ; Brain Cortex ; Cat Brain ; Hypovolemia ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histotopochemical and morphometric investigations were used to determine the following average values of capillary parameters in the cat's brain cortex: diameter $$\bar D_i$$ , percentage of the projected area $${{\bar A^0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar A^0 } {_{0^{Ai} } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {_{0^{Ai} } }}$$ , surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar S_i } {\bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar V_i }}$$ , free distances between capillary surfaces $$\bar \lambda$$ and length per unit brain volume $$\bar L_{Vi}$$ . These overall average values per stereotaxically defined brain region of 6 control and 6 hypovolemic animals were calculated by a computer. The hypovolemic condition was achieved by reducing the systemic arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg. The resulting hypovolemia caused a significantly diminished diameter $$\bar \bar D_i$$ , a highly increased length per unit brain volume $$\bar \bar L_{Vi}$$ and an improved surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar \bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar \bar S_i } {\bar \bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar \bar V_i }}$$ of cortical capillaries. The behaviour of these 5 morphometric parameters during hypovolemic oligemia in the cat's brain cortex leads to the conclusion, that an adapted state of the capillary network may be a response to a reduced blood volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Tc99m and I131 behave differently in someways in the stomach. Whereas the accumulation and secretion of the two radioisotopes are similar, their distribution differs. Radiotechnetium deposits in the area of the parietal cells, Radioiodine in that of chief and mucosal cells. Accordingly the distribution of Radioiodine is uniform whereas that of Radiotechnetium is lower in the gastric antrum. The uptake, turnover and output of both substances are different in individuals. It seems to be that there is a relationship with the gastric juice production. Therefore, in contrast to the neoplasma, the inflammatory process is not visible on the scan. A cold area is hence reflective of a neoplastic process. The scintiscanning of the stomach with Tc99m or I131 is an appropriate method to differentiate between inflammatory and neoplastic processes. The exposure with Tc99m is lower than that with I131 and is therefore preferable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Technetium 99 m und Jod 131 verhalten sich im Magen zum Teil verschieden. Während die Akkumulation und Sekretion beider Radionuklide im wesentlichen gleich war, zeigte die mikroskopische und makroskopische Verteilung Unterschiede auf. Radiotechnetium zeigt eine Beziehung zu den Belegzellen und Radiojod eine solche zu den Hauptzellen der Magenschleimhaut, dementsprechend verteilt sich das Radiojod in den einzelnen Magenabschnitten weitgehend homogen, Radiotechnetium dagegen reichert sich im Antrum um 10–20% weniger an. Die Intensität der Speicherung, die Schnelligkeit des intramuralen Transportes und die Höhe des Outputs beider Radionuklide ist individuell verschieden. Der Aktivitätsumsatz wird vor allem durch die Sekretionsverhältnisse und weniger durch die Säurebedingungen des Magensaftes bestimmt. Deshalb manifestieren sich entzündliche Prozesse der Magenwand im Szintigramm nur in einer der etwaigen Hyper- oder Hyposekretion angepaßten Speicherintensität und nicht in einer Inhomogenität der Aktivitätsverteilung. Neoplastische Prozesse dagegen äussern sich aufgrund des Ausfallens der Magenwandfunktion im befallenen Areal als Speicherdefekte. Deshalb eignet sich die Magenszintigraphie mit Radiotechnetium oder Radiojod zur Differenzierung von entzündlichen und neoplastischen Magenwandläsionen. Wegen der günstigeren kernphysikalischen Eigenschaften des Tc99m ist dieses aber aus Strahlenschutzgründen dem I131 vorzuziehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The distribution of a podophyllin, tritiated SP-I 77, was investigated in dogs. It was possible to show that the lowest level of SP-I occurs in the bone marrow. Only insignificantly greater amounts of SP-I 77 are stored in the endocrine glands. High values of SP-I are found in the liver and the kidneys, organs of rapid metabolic turnover. In the hollow organs, the gall-bladder and urinary-bladder, very high levels of SP-I are found corresponding to high concentrations in the bile and urine. The elimination time of SP-I 77 is reduced with duration of therapy. Radiometric and autoradiographic distribution studies of H3-SP-I and C14-SP-I were made in glioblastoma and carcinoma of the colon in humans. The greatest concentration and slowest rate of disappearence of SP-I is found in the periphery of the tumour (the zone of maximal infiltrating destructive growth), compared with the tumour centre on one side, and the normal neighbouring tissue on the other.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mittels tritiummarkiertem SP-I 77 wurde die Verteilung dieses Podophyllumderivates im Organismus des Hundes untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die geringste SP-I-Menge im Knochenmark auftritt. Nur unbedeutend stärker wird SP-I 77 in den innersekretorischen Drüsen gespeichert. Hohe SP-I-Werte zeigen hingegen die Hauptstoffwechselorgane Leber und Nieren. In den Hohlorganen Gallenblase und Harnblase treten mit Gallenflüssigkeit und Urin sehr hohe SP-I-Werte auf. Die Ausscheidungsgeschwindigkeit des SP-I 77 steigt mit der Therapiedauer. Radiometrische und autoradiographische Verteilungsstudien von3H-SP-I und14C-SP-I am menschlichen Glioblastom sowie am Coloncarcinom lassen erkennen, daß im Tumorrandgebiet (Zone infiltrierenddestruierenden Wachstums) in Relation zum Tumorzentrum einerseits und dem benachbarten Normalgewebe andererseits die stärkste SP-I-Anreicherung bei zugleich längster Verweildauer auftritt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 467-468 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hirschsprung disease ; Familial occurrence ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is genetically heterogeneous with approximately 4% familial occurrence. The recurrence risk is higher in patients with severe involvement. We describe the transmission of histotopochemically proven HD from a father with long aganglionic segment disease to a son with ultrashort segment disease. This observation suggests that the length of involvement in HD is related to the variable expression of the gene defect. It also suggests autosomal dominant inheritance of HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 621 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 719 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Micron And Microscopica Acta 23 (1992), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 0739-6260
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 14 (1980), S. 203-209 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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