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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of emopamil on postischemic blood flow and neuronal damage in rat brain (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 230-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Rat ; Forebrain ischemia ; Local cerebral blood flow ; Neuronal damage ; Emopamil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the calcium entry blocker emopamil on physiological variables, local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and on hippocampal cell damage were evaluated after 10 min of forebrain ischemia in the rat. LCBF was determined with the 14C-iodoantipyrine technique after 2, 10, and 60 min of postischemic recirculation. Histological evaluation was performed 7 days after ischemia in cortical and hippocampal tissue by determination of the percentage of necrotic neurons. Preischemic application of emopamil [4 mg/kg racemate or 2 mg/kg (S)-emopamil; i.v.] caused increases in LCBF in cortical areas but did not alter blood flow in the hippocampus at 2 min of recirculation. After 10 and 30 min of flow resumption no differences in LCBF between drug-treated and control animals were observed. In the histological series (S)-emopamil was applied at doses of 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg before the induction of ischemia. After 7 days of postischemic recovery, neuronal damage was significantly reduced by the calcium antagonist in hippocampal CA 1 sector at all doses tested, the most prominent effects being observed with the lowest dose. At this dose cell loss in the Ca3 sector was also reduced. In cortical tissue the number of necrotic cells remained unchanged by emopamil treatment. It is concluded that the calcium antagonist emopamil can reduce ischemia-induced neuronal cell damage. The compound improves circulation in cortical tissue only during early recovery but not at later phases of reflow, i.e. the period of delayed hypoperfusion. These increases in blood flow are not of crucial importance for ultimate neuronal death in this area. The ameliorative action of emopamil on the survival of hippocampal neurons is not associated with blood flow changes and therefore seems to reflect a direct effect on cerebral parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165148
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grading of intracranial tumors following the WHO classification (1991)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 14 (1991), S. 249-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Historical evolution ; tumor morphology and prognosis ; WHO classification and grading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The grading scheme contained in the WHO classification “Histological Typing of CNS Tumors” has been introduced after long and controversial discussions. Of the three major systems for grading intracranial tumors which were at hand, Zülch's is closest to the WHO system. The criteria for, and general remarks about, the WHO system for the evaluation of malignancy grades are delineated. Their almost complete concordance with Zülch's “horizontal” scheme ist emphasized, although some minor differences are mentioned. It is the author's belief, which may, however not be theoretically fully justified, that this system has been applied successfully since the publication of WHO classification. Opposition to WHO grading mostly reflects general pessimism about the possibility of gaining information concerning proliferation from morphology. However, the analysis of therapeutic trials in the last decades has shown that histological grade is of great predictive value. This correlation can be improved by the broad and exact application of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383256
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative genomic in situ hybridization discloses chromosomal copy number changes in a transplanted brain tumor line of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) (1998)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 9 (1998), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We investigated chromosomal copy number changes in ethylnitrosourea-induced and serially transplanted gliomas of the rat by flow cytometry and Comparative Genomic in situ Hybridization (CGH). CGH analysis of a primary and four transplanted tumors revealed several genomic aberrations, including whole chromosome and subchromosomal gains and losses. Gains involved rat Chromosomes (RNO) 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and Y, whereas losses affected RNO5, 13, 20, and Y. The primary tumor exhibited gain of RNO2q31qter and gain of RNO4. While gain of RNO2 was seen in nearly all investigated passages, gain of RNO4 was apparent in the primary tumor and in passage 2 and 5 tumors. Chromosomal alterations detected as single events were restricted to the transplanted tumors and included gain of RNO3q11, 3q41qter, 5q36, 7q34qter, 9q37, 11q, and Y, and loss of RNO5, 13, and 20q. Flow cytometry disclosed different aneuploid cell clones in the tumors investigated. The results are discussed in analogy to findings in human glial tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003359900724
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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