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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual mode of projections from the parietal to the motor cortex in the cat (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: PT cell ; Areas 4γ and 5 ; Intracortical microstimulation ; HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The cortico-cortical projection from area 5 to area 4 γ was studied in anesthetized cats. 2. Intracortical microstimulation of area 5 produced EPSPs in pyramidal tract (PT) cells in area 4 γ. Such EPSPs were analysed in a total of 54 fast PT cells. The rising phase of these EPSPs was often composed of fast and slow components. 3. Fast-rising EPSPs (fast component) were produced predominantly by stimulation within layer III of area 5 while slow-rising EPSPs (slow component) were evoked predominantly by stimulation within layer V of area 5. 4. The amplitudes of the fast and slow components of EPSPs produced during repetitive stimulation within layers III and V of area 5 decreased and increased, respectively, with an increase in the stimulus frequency without any appreciable changes in their latency and time-to-peak. The slow component was much less influenced by membrane hyperpolarization than the fast component. 5. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found not only in layer III but also in layer V of area 5 following HRP injection centered on superficial layers (I–III) of area 4γ. 6. It is suggested that there are two groups of cortico-cortical neurons in layers III and V of area 5, which may make monosynaptic contact with the proximal and distal sites of fast PT cells in area 4γ, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238847
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave spectrum, dipole moment and conformation of methoxyacetaldehyde
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Structure 162 (1987), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2860
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-2860(87)87067-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol and amylase production by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. (1991)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 7 (1991), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A newly isolated, anaerobic, mesophillic bacterium, Clostridium sp. strain YK-3, ferments pentoses, hexoses, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, such as soluble starch and glycogen, to ethanol and acetate. The potential of this strain for ethanol and amylase production has been examined. Ethanol was the major product and acetate a minor one. The organism could grow with soluble starch in the presence of 40 g ethanol/l. Extracellular α-amylase activity was detected when the strain was cultivated with soluble starch, glycogen or dextrin. The optimum pH of this amylase was 5.5 to 7.5 with an optimum temperature of 50°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological and biochemical characteristics of learning deficit induced by ibotenic acid lesion of the frontal cortex in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 1 (1989), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312246
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of remaining presynaptic terminals in the hippocampal CA1 after selective neuronal death: ischemia-induced glutamate efflux (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Glutamate ; Ischemia ; Microdialysis ; Hippocampus ; Cell death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following selective neuronal death, numerous presynaptic terminals maintain their structural integrity in the brain region. The role that these remaining presynaptic terminals play in the brain region showing selective neuronal death is not known. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that brief transient ischemia induces an excessive release of glutamate from the remaining presynaptic terminals, which then spreads by diffusion. The glutamate could act as an excitotoxin and be a pathogenic factor in the local injured brain region. Transient ischemia of 3.5 min duration was used in the gerbil as a pretreatment to obtain hippocampal CA1 in which most of postsynaptic neurons were eliminated but numerous presynaptic terminals remained normal. At 10–14 days after the pretreatment, brain microdialysis experiments were performed in vivo in the CA1 to measure the levels of extracellular glutamate induced by 5 min ischemia. Prior to 5 min ischemia the basal concentration of glutamate in the CA1 was the same as that observed in gerbils that had been subjected to sham pretreatment. During 5 min ischemia, no significant increase in glutamate was induced in the CA1 which showed selective neuronal death. However, a massive increase in glutamate was induced in the CA1 of the sham-pretreated gerbils. These results suggest that the remaining presynaptic terminals are unlikely to play a pathogenic role in the CA1 after selective neuronal death has occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050390
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro ischemia-induced intracellular Ca2+ elevation in cerebellar slices: a comparative study with the values found in hippocampal slices (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1994), S. 2-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words     Calcium ; Ischemia ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cell ; Microfluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      Changes in levels of intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) induced by in vitro ischemic conditions in gerbil cerebellar and hippocampal slices were investigated using a calcium imaging system and electron microscopy. When the cerebellar slice was perfused with a glucose-free physiological medium equilibrated with a 95% N2/5% CO2 gas mixture (in vitro ischemic medium), a large [Ca2+]i elevation was region-specifically induced in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex (a dendritic field of Purkinje cells). When the hippocampal slice was perfused with in vitro ischemic medium, a large [Ca2+]i elevation was region-specifically induced in CA1 field of the hippocampal slices. Electron microscopic examinations showed that the large [Ca2+]i elevations occurred in Purkinje cells and CA1 pyramidal neurons. To isolate Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ store sites, the slices were perfused with Ca2+-free in vitro ischemic medium. The increases in [Ca2+]i in both cerebellar and hippocampal slices were significantly lower than those observed in the slices perfused with the Ca2+-containing in vitro ischemic medium. However, the suppression of the [Ca2+]i elevation in the molecular layer of the cerebellar slices was smaller than that in the CA1 field of the hippocampal slices. These results reinforce the hypothesis that calcium plays a pivotal role in the development of ischemia-induced neuronal death, and suggest that Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ store sites may play an important role in the ischemia-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in Purkinje cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294252
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