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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 (1990), S. 2053-2056 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Corticotropin-releasing hormone ; Regulatory region ; Polymorphism evolution ; Population study ; Natural selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The regulatory region of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is highly conserved across species and plays a crucial role in the response of the organism to stress. Release of CRH initiates a cascade of events leading to the release of cortisol and the regulation of inflammatory and immune events. In this report we describe polymorphisms in the 5′ regulatory region of the CRH gene in humans. We studied the distribution of CRH alleles in three different African populations, in white UK Caucasoids, and in a Chinese population. In the African and UK populations we found three new polymorphisms which cosegregated, resulting in two alleles, A1 and A2. Gene frequencies for A1 and A2 were extremely divergent between the African and the UK populations. The African A1 frequency ranged from 0.27–0.3, while the UK Caucasoid frequency was 0.9. Compound alleles could be assigned by taking into account the previously described biallelic polymorphism at position 225 in the CRH promoter. The A2B1 compound allele is the commonest in contemporary African human populations (allele frequency range 0.44–0.61) and was the only allele observed in a population of chimpanzees from Sierra Leone. Wright's FST for the A2B1 allele over the four sampled populations was 0.612, a value exceeded in human populations only by loci which have apparently been subject to natural selection. Taken together, these findings support A2B1 as the ancestral allele and suggest that the CRH genomic region may have been subject to strong disruptive selection throughout human evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words¶Corticotropin releasing hormone –¶polymorphisms –¶rheumatoid arthritis – genetics ; Schlüsselwörter¶Corticotropin Releasing Hormon –¶Polymorphismen –¶Rheumatoide Arthritis – Genetik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die 5′ regulatorische Region des Corticotropin Releasing Hormons (CRH) ist hoch konserviert und spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Vermittlung der Streßantwort des Organismus. Durch im Hypothalamus freigesetztes CRH wird die Hypophysen – Nebennierenrinden – Achse aktiviert, was in der Freisetzung von Cortisol und einer konsekutiven Regulation inflammatorischer und immunologischer Vorgänge resultiert. Ausgehend von der Hypothese, daß die inadäquate CRH Antwort auf Streß bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) auf einer genetischen Basis beruht, haben wir die Verteilung der CRH Allele sowohl bei kaukasischen (United Kingdom) als auch bei schwarzen (Südafrika) RA Patienten untersucht und mit der jeweiligen gesunden Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Wie in den kürzlich publizierten Kontrollgruppen fanden wir zwei biallele polymorphe Sequenzen (genannt A1 und A2, bzw. B1 und B2) in der regulatorischen Region des CRH Gens, die zu gemeinsamen Allelen zusammengefaßt werden konnten. Bei den weißen Kaukasiern war das Allel A2B1 protektiv gegenüber der Entwicklung einer RA (p=0,03; odds ratio 0,43, 95% confidence interval 0,21–0,88). Im Gegensatz dazu war bei den schwarzen südafrikanischen RA Patienten das Allel A1B1 positiv mit der RA assoziiert (p=0,05; odds ratio 1,78, 95% confidence interval 1,01–3,15). Die Studie liefert Hinweise darauf, daß Polymorphismen in der regulatorischen Region des CRH Gens neue genetische Marker für eine RA darstellen und eventuell als prädiktiver Faktor eingeführt werden können, wenn weitere genetische und umweltbedingte Risikofaktoren identifiziert werden.
    Notes: Summary The regulatory region of the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is highly conserved and plays a crucial role in the response of the organism to stress. Release of CRH initiates a cascade of events leading to the release of cortisone and the regulation of inflammatory and immune events.¶Objective: Since it has been postulated that the impaired corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) response to stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a genetic basis, we investigated the distribution of CRH alleles in a cohort of UK patients as well as in South African RA patients.¶Methods: Restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR amplified DNA products of the CRH promoter. We compared the allele frequencies in the RA patients with the respective healthy control population described previously.¶Results: As in the control populations we found two biallelic polymorphic sequences (named A1 and A2 and B1 and B2, respectively) in the CRH promoter which could be assigned to compound alleles. The A2B1 compound allele was protective against development of RA in a large group of UK Caucasoid patients (p=0.03; odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.88). In contrast, A1B1 was positively associated with RA in a cohort of black South African RA patients (p=0.05; odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.15).¶Conclusion: Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that CRH promoter polymorphism represents a new genetic marker for RA susceptibility and may prove useful for the prediction of RA risk in the future when further genetic and environmental risk factors are determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 55 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Moisture sorption characteristics of sunflower nutmeat products (ground nutmeat, meal, protein concentrate and protein isolate) were investigated at temperatures 10°C, 20°C and 30°C, and the results were analyzed according to various sorption isotherm models. The best-fit models were the G.A.B. (Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer) model for the ground nutmeat and the cubic polynomial model for the meal, the protein concentrate and the protein isolate. The Chen-Clayton model was the best-fit model for describing temperature effect in all the materials studied. The G.A.B. monolayer values were higher than the B.E.T. monolayer values for the materials studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 29 (1970), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Contents (μmol/g wet wt.) of 35 free amino acids and related compounds were measured in 12 different regions of each of five human brains. Specimens were obtained at autopsy from patients who died suddenly without previous brain disease. These data may serve for later comparison with contents of amino compounds in similar regions of the brains of patients dying with various neurological or psychiatric disorders.There were marked and consistent differences in the regional distribution of the following eight compounds: γ-aminobutyric acid, homocarnosine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, taurine, cystathionine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and phosphoethanolamine. These differences suggest that some of these compounds may have special physiological roles, including the possible mediation of synaptic transmission.Human brain contains two previously unreported compounds, the mixed disulphide of cysteine and glutathione and α-(γ-aminobutyryl)-lysine. The latter dipeptide occurs in much higher concentrations in human brain than in the brains of lower mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Contents (μmol/g wet wt.) of 35 free amino acids and related compounds were measured in biopsies of human brain from ten patients. Brain specimens were frozen in liquid nitrogen within 10 sec of their removal at neurosurgery; thus, the values found should approximate those which occur in living brain.Levels in free pools of biopsied cerebral cortex of most of the amino acids that are constituents of proteins were only 20-50 per cent of those found in autopsied cortex. The content of cystine and ethanolamine was much lower in biopsied than in autopsied cortex. Concentrations of GABA in biopsied cortex were only 20 per cent as high as those found in autopsied cortex, and levels of γ-aminobutyryl dipeptides were also significantly lower in biopsied cortex. Amounts of cystathionine in biopsied cortex varied markedly, but averaged much higher than in autopsied cortex; a single biopsy specimen of cerebellar grey matter had a cystathionine content 36-fold greater than the mean found in autopsied cerebellum.Appreciable variability in contents among cortical biopsies was found for glycerophosphoethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, ethanolamine, taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and GABA, as well as for cystathionine. Whether this variability occurred between different subjects, or between different cortical areas, was not clear, although the former possibility was suggested by findings in multiple cortical biopsies from one patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 166 (1979), S. 385-402 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0308-8146
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (1987), S. 820-826 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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