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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse reactions to intravenous agents in anaesthesia in France (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1006-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anaphylactoid reactions ; Anaphylaxis ; Anaesthetics ; Epidemiology ; Mechanisms ; Anaphylaktoide Reaktionen ; Anaphylaxie ; Anästhetika ; Epidemiologie ; Mechanismen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hundert schwere Anästhesiezwischenfälle, die in den Jahren 1975–1980 an Krankenhäusern im Osten Frankreichs beobachtet wurden, sind in der immunologischen Einheit des Universitätskrankenhauses in Nancy untersucht worden. Die Tests wurden „a posteriori“ durchgeführt; mittlere Zeit: drei Wochen nach dem Zwischenfall (Spannweite: eine Woche bis ein Jahr). Eine zweite Serie von Tests wurde bei 35% der Patienten und eine dritte Serie bei 8% der Patineten durchgeführt. Mit Hilfe der Tests wurde zwischen Anaphylaxie und anaphylaktoiden Reaktionen differenziert. In Frage kommende Arzneimittel wurden durch intradermale Testung, durch Degranulierungstests an menschlichen Basophilen und P.K.-Tests bestimmt. An prädisponierenden Faktoren wurde untersucht: Atopie (IgE Dosis), Anstieg der Histaminfreisetzung (intradermaler Test mit 48/80), abnormale Aufnahmefähigkeit für Histamin (intradermales Histamin), Spasmophilie (elektromyographische Aufzeichnungen). Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß 42 Zwischenfälle einer echten Anaphylaxie entsprachen (einer von ihnen IgG mediiert); 48% der untersuchten Zwischenfälle wurden durch Succinylcholin hervorgerufen. Einige der prädisponierenden Faktoren wurden im untersuchten Patientengut in höherer Inzidenz als in der gesamten französischen Bevölkerung gefunden; Atopie, Hypersensitivität auf Histamin, vorherige Arzneimittelallergie, Spasmophilie.
    Notes: Summary One hundred severe peranesthetic accidents occuring in hospitals in the eastern part of France were tested between 1975 and 1980 at the Immunological Unit of the University Hospital in Nancy. Tests were carried out “a posteriori”; mean time: three weeks after the accident (extremes: one week to one year). A second battery of tests was carried out in 35%, and a third one in 8% of the patients. Anaphylaxis was differentiated from anaphylactoid reactions be means of the tests. Responsible drugs were determined by intradermal testing, by the human basophil degranulation test and P.K. tests. Predisposing factors were studied: atopy (IgE dosage), increase of histamine release (intradermal testing with 48/80), abnormal receptivity to histamine (intradermal histamine), spasmophilia (electromyography recordings). The results show that 42 accidents were due to true anaphylaxis (one of them due to IgG); 48% of the reported accidents were due to succinylcholine. Some of the predisposing factors, in the tested population, are found in a higher proportion than in the French population as a whole; atopy, hypersensitivity to histamine, previous drug allergy, spasmophilia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne eczema due to mould allergy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 35 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02433.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities in histamine pharmacodynamics in chronic urticaria (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histamine plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria (CU). The authors of this paper have studied the effects of ingested histamine in 25 patients with CU. A 120 ing dose of histamine. well-tolerated in the healthy subject, was instillated into the duodenum. Concomitantly. plasma histamine (H) levels and plasma and urinary methylhistamine (MH) levels were measured. Intraduodenal administration of histamine was responsible for the development of an attack of urticaria in 64% of patients, while control subjects were asymptomatic. Plasma histamine levels were significantly higher after digestive histamine challenge (DHC) in patients with CU compared with controls. An abnormal increase in plasma histamine was observed in 72% of them. Plasma MH exhibited the same kinetic behaviour with a usually delayed time-pattern. Urinary MH concentration was higher in patients presenting with early-onset urticaria during the first hour than in those with the late-onset type between 1 and 12 hr after DHC. The coefficient of mcthylation (plasma MH/MH + H) was not significantly different in patients presenting with an attack of urticaria following DHC and in other subjects, Urinary excretion of MH and urinary flow increased significantly in patients presenting with an attack of urticaria following DHC which corresponds to increased absorption of histamine during the 5-hr period following DHC and its role on excretion by the kidney via vasodilation which it induces. This study demonstrates the abnormal frequency of disturbances in the metabolism of exogenous histamine in patients with CU. Increased plasma H accounts for the abnormal passage of H across the intestinal barrier which can result either from intestinal hyperpermeability and/or a deficit in the enzymatic catabolism of histamine. The systems of methylation and urinary clearance of MH appear to be effective. It is thus postulated that there is a deficit in diamine oxidase (DAO) in the enterocyte. The lack of correlation between the kinetic behaviour of plasma H and the onset of urticaria draws attention to the extent of individual variability in skin reactivity to histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00293.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA class II antigens and T lymphocytes in human nasal epithelial cells. Modulation of the HLA class II gene transcripts by gamma interferon (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Nasal polyps are characterized by a proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucosa. cellular infiltrates and other pathological changes; however the mechanisms involved in polyp pathogenesis remain largely unclear.Objectives We have taken two different approaches to study the cellular events involved in nasal polyposis.Methods First, through use of immunohistochemical methods, we have studied the expression of HLA class II antigens in epithelial cells of nasal polyps and the distribution of lymphocytes in the epithelium and in the subepithelial layer in patients with clinical conditions, such as asthma, atopy, aspirin intolerance or cystic fibrosis, and in subjects with an absence of concomitant diseases. Second, in order to investigate whether HLA class II expression is controlled at the pre- or post-transcriptional level, we studied the effect of interferon gamma (INFγ) on epithelial cells in primary culture, which were derived from HLA class II negative and HLA class II positive nasal polyps. Total RNA was extracted from the cells and reverse-transcribed, and the c-DNA corresponding to DR, DP, DQ loci was amplified by PCRResults Expression of HLA class II antigens by the epithelia of nasal polyps was more common in the presence rather than in the absence of concomitant asthma, atopy or cystic fibrosis (59% versus 409%). HLA-DR was the only HLA class II antigen expressed in the seven polyps taken from cystic fibrosis patients. The number of CD8+ cells was significantly higher in polyps associated with known clinical conditions and HLA class II antigen expression than it was in ‘isolated’ polyps and in HLA class II negative polyps. RNA transcripts for at least one or all three HLA-DR, DP and DQ antigens were detected in 10 cultures of the 11 HLA class II positive polyps. Conversely, 8 of 10 cultures derived from HLA class II negative polyps did not express HLA class II transcripts in the absence of INFγ. Adding INFγ (100U/ml) to the latter cell cultures caused expression of transcripts of one or more HLA class II genes.Conclusions We have shown that HLA class II antigens were more frequently detected in polyps of patients with an identified clinical syndrome than in those of asymptomatic subjects. Our results also suggest that IFN γ regulates expression of HLA class II antigens in airway epithelial cells of the nasal polyps at the transcriptional level, and that cultured cells from nasal polyps represent a suitable modei to investigate immune mechanisms involved in diseases such as atopy, asthma and cystic fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00709.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of the causes of anaphylactoid anaesthetic reactions (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 38 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adverse, anaphylactoid, reactions to the intravenous drugs and other substances used in anaesthesia and surgery pose a major problem in many countries. The scope of the problem is somewhat difficult to judge since agreement can rarely be reached as to what is, or as to what is not, an adverse reaction. While the death of a fit young patient undergoing minor investigative surgery is an obvious candidate for inclusion, many of the very minor incidents of urticaria, mild hypotension and mild bronchospasm are less easy to classify since they may arise from theatre techniques, from underlying pathology, known or unsuspected, as well as from complex psychosomatic and psychosocial stimuli. Minor manifestations may not hinder the immediate procedure, but their incorrect interpretation may lead to a disaster during a general anaesthetic procedure weeks, or even years, later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb13935.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The risk of allergy related to general anaesthesia (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb01788.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergenicity of some isoforms of white sesame proteins (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Allergy to sesame seeds is often associated with particularly severe reactions, with a high risk of anaphylaxis. The increase in reports of allergic reactions to sesame is probably due to the growing use of sesame seeds or sesame oil in food.Objective To determine the molecular weights of the proteins in three variety of sesame seeds and to study the isoelectric points and the allergenicity of white sesame proteins.Methods Extracts of white, brown and black sesame seeds were prepared. The white sesame extract, mostly used in bakery, was run on SDS-PAGE and two dimensional electrophoresis. Six sera from patients sensitized or symptomatic to sesame seed were used for Western blotting.Results The protein patterns of the white, brown and black sesame extracts showed major quantitative differences. The white extract had the higher protein concentration and contained 15 proteins of 12–79 kDa, some of them having several acidic isoelectric points. The lowest isoelectric point was 4.9 and the highest was 6.4, giving 35 isoforms. Ten of the 15 proteins (12–57.5 kDa) were recognized by specific IgE. The 12–13 kDa and 22–33 kDa proteins could correspond to the main allergens.Conclusion White sesame seeds contain at least 10 allergenic proteins with acidic isoelectric points. In accordance with previous results, two of them seem to contain the major allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01468.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence and risk factors for latent sensitization to chymopapain: predictive skin-prick tests in 700 candidates for chemonucleolysis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Seven hundred patients were investigated prospectively before undergoing chemonucleolysis. A past history of allergy and/or previous exposure to papain, either in food, beverages or drugs, was sought, and a skin-prick test with chymopapain was performed. Based on the results obtained, the subjects were classified into four groups: Group I– 225 non-atopic non-papain-exposed subjects; Group II–285 non-atopic papain-exposed subjects; Group III–69 atopic non-papain-exposed subjects; and Group IV– 121 atopic papain-exposed subjects. Latent sensitization to papain was observed in 0.4% of subjects in Group I, 3.16% in Group II, 5.8% in Group III and 7.4% in Group IV. The odds ratios were 13.8 for atopy and 7.3 for exposure to papain. Interaction between atopy and papain exposure did not result in a significantly greater risk. Neither sex nor age nor a history of a previous drug reaction were risk factors. Only one patient out of the 23 who were sensitive to papain had no risk factor. The 677 skin-test negative patients then underwent chemonucleolysis and none of them had an anaphylactic reaction. This was significantly less frequent: (P= 0-04) than the incidence in a random population (0.45%). Prick tests performed 6 weeks and 6 months after chemonucleolysis revealed newly acquired sensitization in 36% of the patients. Atopy was not a risk factor for this event. Three points are discussed: (i) the negative predictive value of skin-prick tests with chymopapain is confirmed; (ii) subjects likely to be sensitized are atopic and/or have been exposed previously to food or drugs containing papain and therefore they can be identified pre-operatively by a questionnaire; (iii) atopy is a risk factor for the induction of specific IgE to allergens internalized via a mucosal surface but not for those that are injected parenterally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00936.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyisotypic antipeanut-specific humoral responses in peanut-allergic individuals (2001)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peanut-containing food products may induce severe clinical reactions in sensitized subjects, and high levels of antipeanut IgE have been reported in the literature. Immunotherapy, proposed for the prevention of severe accidents, is often ill-tolerated and only partly efficient. This could be due to the spontaneous development of polyisotypic antipeanut antibodies.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ObjectiveTo appreciate the presence and reactivity of other isotypes other than IgE of peanut-specific antibodies in serum samples from peanut-sensitized subjects.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 20 non-sensitized subjects and 23 sensitized patients divided in three groups according to their response to peanut oral challenge (no response or response to high or low doses, respectively). Peanut-specific IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA and IgM were assayed using an ELISA, and their reactivity against peanut proteins tested using Western Blot.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsA large dispersion of antipeanut antibody levels was observed in the three groups of patients, high levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG4 and IgA usually correlating with highly positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Such high levels were observed at onset in four patients who underwent peanut immunotherapy who had side effects and poor efficiency. Western blotting demonstrated that the polyisotypic response observed was directed to several peanut antigens, including the major allergens, Ara h1 and Ara h2.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionPeanut-sensitized patients who spontaneously develop specific IgE, display polyisotypic-specific antibody responses, whatever their response to oral challenge. This might explain the poor efficiency of peanut rush immunotherapy attempts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.733lca1804.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    study of the mast cells of the human duodenal mucosa (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 14 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the process of degranulation of mast cells of human duodenal mucosa was examined. In normal controls little degranulation was seen, but in persons with false food allergy (pseudo-allergy) considerable degranulation of mast cells was delected. This is consistent with the hypothesis that some persons have an abnormal fragility of duodenal mast cells in the presence of histamine-releasing substances. Incubation of duodenal biopsy material with various histamine-releasing agents (compound 48/80, Concanavalin A, the calcium ionophore A 23187, and anti-IgE) confirmed the susceptibility of duodenal mast cells for antigen non-specific release of histamine, or that mediated by IgE. In a group of patients with immediaie-type, anaphylactic, food allergy, mast cells in the absence of antigen are in a normal state, but degranulation occurs on exposure in vitro or in vivo to specific antigen. The susceptibility to degranulation continues in persons cured of their food allergy. This suggests that a clinical cure is not due to a change of susceptibility of duodenal mast cells to release histamine, but is possibly associated with formation of blocking antibodies, and/or a modification in reactivity of basophils and mast cells of other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02231.x
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