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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molybdenum Content of Equine Liver Tissue (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 1175-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 125 specimens of adult horse liver were obtained from a Cambridge slaughter-house during a period of eight months. The liver samples were dried at 100 C. and the dried material analysed for molybdenum by the thiocyanate-stannous chloride method of Dick and Bingley2. The range of molybdenum content ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1821175b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FECAL COLIFORM AND STREPTOCOCCUS CONCENTRATIONS IN RUNOFF FROM GRAZED PASTURES IN NORTHWEST ARKANSAS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Agricultural practices such as cattle grazing and animal manure application can contribute to relatively high runoff concentrations of fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS). Available information, however, is inconsistent with respect to the effects of such practices as well as to measures that can discriminate among candidate sources of FC and FS. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of grazing, time of year, and runoff amounts on FC and FS concentrations and to evaluate whether FCIFS concentration ratios are consistent with earlier values reported as characteristic of animal sources. Runoff from four Northwest Arkansas fields was sampled and analyzed for fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS) for nearly three years (1991–1994). Each field was grazed and fertilized, with two fields receiving inorganic fertilizer and two receiving animal manure. Runoff amount had no effect on runoff concentrations of FC or FS. There were no consistent relationships between the presence of cattle and FC and FS runoff concentrations. Both FC and FS concentrations were affected by the season during which the runoff occurred. Higher concentrations were observed during warmer months. Runoff FC concentrations exceeded the primary contact standard of 200 cfu/100 mL during at least 89 percent of all runoff events and the secondary contact standard of 1000 cfu/100 mL during at least 70 percent of the events. Ratios of FC to FS concentrations varied widely (from near zero to more than 100), confirming earlier findings that FC/FS ratios are not a reliable indicator of the source of FC and FS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03520.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RUNOFF OF METALS FROM ALUM-TREATED HORSE MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al2(SO4)3*(14H2O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05460.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary-layer effect on chemical signal movement near the antennae of the sphinx moth, Manduca sexta : temporal filters for olfaction (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 182 (1998), S. 287-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Chemoreception ; Filters ; Fluid flow ; Manduca sexta ; Olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For olfaction to occur, signal molecules must move through the environment from the source to the receptor cells. As molecules approach receptor structures they pass through a boundary layer surrounding those receptor structures. Within boundary layers the interaction between the forces causing chemical dispersion changes. To investigate how the boundary layer changes the dynamics of the chemical signals, we measured chemical dynamics within the boundary layer around the moth antennae using microelectrodes. The results showed that the boundary layer amplified three aspects of the chemical signal: peak height, peak onset, and decay time. Spectral analysis of turbulent signals showed that the temporal aspects of the chemical signal were altered. The boundary layers around the male and female antennae have different effects on the spectrum of chemical temporal fluctuations. Specifically, at a flow speed of 0.12 m s−1, the analysis showed distinct amplification patterns for each sex. Thus, the fluid flow around the antennae functions as a filter, altering the structure of the chemical signal that is arriving at the receptors. The results illustrated in this study show that male and female moths have different physical filters that can alter the information that can be extracted from odor plumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050179
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salinity and flooding level as determinants of soil solution composition and nutrient content inPanicum hemitomum (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: speciation ; leaf metal content ; GEOCHEM ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity and flooding level on interstitial solute speciation and solute uptake byPanicum hemitomum grown on intact marsh substrates. The experimental set-up consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments (5 salinity levels×3 flooding levels) with 4 replications. Salinity treatments with the addition of salt (Instant Oceanr) successfully increased interstitial pore water conductivities and resulted in significantly different treatment means. Redox potentials and proton activities were significantly higher in the drained treatment, with only minor differences between the two flooded treatments. There was not a significant pH effect due to salinity, although a significant interaction between salinity and flooding level was observed. Analysis of variance suggested that electro-chemical and interstitial solute behaviour could significantly be described by salinity and flooding treatments. GEOCHEM calculations were performed in order to relate leaf concentrations to ion activities in interstitial soil solutions. Leaf contents of Mg, Ca, K, Mn, and Cu were significantly correlated with the activities of corresponding ions in the interstitial pore water. However, most of the variabilitiy in leaf metal content could be accounted for by treatment effects. Regression analysis showed that the ion activities explained less than 25% of the variability in leaf metal content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220798
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of controlled redox conditions on metal solubility in acid sulfate soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 133 (1991), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Eh ; flooded soils ; geochemistry ; iron reduction ; pyrite ; redox potential ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields are constrained by Fe and Al toxicity and P deficiency on acid sulfate soils. In order to delineate the effects of pH and redox potential on metal availability in these soils, one or both of these parameters must be held constant. The objective of this study was to investigate metal behavior in acid sulfate soils in redox controlled suspensions. Three acid sulfate soils, Rangsit Very Acid (Rsa), Rangsit (Rs), and Mahaphot (Ma); a potential acid sulfate soil, Bang Pakong (Bg); and a non-acid marine soil, Bangkok (Bk) from Thailand were utilized. After pre-incubating the soils under anaerobic conditions, the soils were oxidized in 100 mV increments in a stepwise fashion (oxidation cycle). Afterwards, the oxidized soils were reduced in the same manner (reduction cycle). The pH's of all the soils decreased during the oxidation cycle and increased upon re-reduction. Water-soluble Fe decreased in all the soils (except Bg) as the Eh was increased in the oxidation cycle, whereas Fe increased in the reduction cycle when the Eh was decreased until -50 mV, at which time Fe sulfide precipitation was believed to occur. In the Bg soil, pyrite oxidation (which evidently started at +50 mV) brought about large increases in soluble Fe under oxidizing conditions, and soil pH decreased to 2.0. The influence of the redox status on Mn varied. Soluble Al increased with increases in Eh (due to decreases in pH) and vice versa in most of the soils. Water-soluble P decreased under oxidizing conditions and increased under reducing conditions. Ammonium acetate-extractable Fe and P were highly correlated (r=0.88), indicating that Fe plays an important role in P availability in acid sulfate soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009200
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium, boron and molybdenum availability and uptake by rice in acid sulfate soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: flooded soils ; GEOCHEM ; ilsemanite ; mineral equilibria ; Oryza sativa L. ; variscite ; wulfenite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Although Al toxicity is believed to be a problem in acid sulfate soils cropped to rice (Oryza, sativa L.), little is known about the behavior of other trace metals such as B and Mo in these soils. The objectives of this study were to measure the availability of Al, B, and Mo in these soils, to determine what governs the availability of these metals and to investigate the relationships between metal availability and uptake by rice. Metal availability and uptake by rice were evaluated in 134 flooded acid sulfate soils in the Central Plains region of Thailand and in a growth chamber study using 50 of the same soils. Soil and plant metal analyses were conducted at the panicle differentiation stage of growth in both studies and in the soil prior to transplanting in the growth chamber study. Metal activities were determined with GEOCHEM. The mineral phases believed to be governing Al3+ activities were jurbanite under low pH conditions and amorphous Al(OH)3 at high pH. The Al chemistry is believed to be intimately linked to the redox-pH cycle, which is driven by the monsoonal climate. Mortality of rice associated with Al toxicity was observed under field and growth chamber conditions. Interference in P uptake and/or assimilation was believed to be the mechanism of Al toxicity. Activities of B(OH) 4 − and B(OH) 3 0 were found to be highly correlated to pH and ionic strength, respectively, with the latter being the dominant B ion found in these soils. Activities of MoO 4 2− were positively correlated to pH and appeared to be controlled by wulfenite. Leaf Mo contents were found to be positively correlated with MoO 4 2− activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150048
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