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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS06.6
Mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrances; a population-based study (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  To investigate symptoms from the eyes and airways, elicited by perfume and fragrance products and associations between such symptoms and skin prick test reactivity, metacholine bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), contact allergy, and eczema in a population based sample.Methods:  A questionnaire on mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products was mailed to 1189 persons who had participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases in 1997/98. The study included measurement of BHR, skin prick testing, patch testing and history of hand eczema.Results:  The response rate to the questionnaire was 80%. Symptoms from the eyes or airways elicited by fragrance products were reported by 42%. There were no significant associations between these symptoms and skin prick test reactivity. Positive and independent statistical significant associations were found between BHR, perfume contact allergy and hand eczema, and symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products, also when adjusting for nickel contact allergy, age, gender psychological vulnerability, educational level and social class.Conclusions:  Individuals with BHR, hand eczema and/or perfume contact allergy, as opposed to those without, are more frequently and more severely bothered from the eyes or airways after volatile exposure to fragrance products. The lack of association with skin prick test reactivity indicates that IgE mediated allergic mechanisms do not play a major role in the development of these symptoms. Having hand eczema has the greatest impact on reporting mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309bo.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airborne chemicals cause respiratory symptoms in individuals with contact allergy (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exposure to fragrance chemicals causes various eye and airway symptoms. Individuals with perfume contact allergy report these symptoms more frequently than individuals with nickel allergy or no contact allergies. However, the associations between contact allergy and respiratory symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals other than perfumes are unclear. The study aimed to investigate the association between eye and airway symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals (other than perfumes) and contact allergy in a population-based sample. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was posted, in 2002, to 1189 individuals who participated in 1997/1998 in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases. Questions about eye and airway symptoms elicited by different airborne chemicals and airborne proteins were included in the questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire were compared with data on patch testing and prick testing. Having at least 1 positive patch test (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5) was associated with the symptoms, and the odds ratio increased with the number of positive patch tests (P-value for test for trend 〈0.05). Bronchial hyperreactivity, female sex and psychological vulnerability were independently associated with symptoms, but no association was found between prick test reactivity to proteins and the symptoms elicited by airborne chemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00533.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Position Paper: Immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venoms (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb04755.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emergency treatment of allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings are frequently observed all over Europe. Rarely they may induce long-standing morbidity or even be fatal. Several investigations have shown that the emergency treatment given to these patients is often inadequate. Cutaneous symptoms respond well to antihistamines and also to adrenaline. Adrenaline is the mainstay for outside hospital treatment of more severe reactions involving the respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, laryngeal oedema) and the cardiovascular system (anaphylactic shock). Inhaled adrenaline is especially useful in respiratory symptoms, while parenteral application of adrenaline is prefered for shock treatment. All patients with severe respiratory or cardiovascular reactions must be hospitalized, treated under intensive care conditions and observed for at least 24 hr. Emergency medications including adrenaline for inhalation or for self-injection must be given to all patients with a history of systemic allergic reactions to hymenoptera stings. These patients must also get instructions for safety measures to avoid further stings. They should be referred to an allergist in order to evaluate the indication for venom immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01659.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect allergy. Predictive value of diagnostic tests: a three-year follow-up study (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and six adults with various reactions to yellow jacket (YJ), honey bee (HB) or unidentified insects (UI) were tested for allergy to insect venoms. For various reasons none received immunotherapy. Individuals completed questionnaires annually for three consecutive years and described sting reactions within the previous season. Ninety subjects completed all the questionnaires and 77 of these were re-tested at the end of the period. Nine out of 25 patients reacted with a systemic reaction when re-stung. High IgE and low IgG venom-specific antibody levels indicated an unfavourable prognosis, since eight of 11 individuals who initially presented venom-specific IgE 〉 RAST class 2 and venom-specific IgG below detection limit had systemic reactions at re-sting. No such reactions occurred in subjects with no specific IgE and only one out of six with specific IgE as well as IgG reacted systematically. Skin prick tests (SPT) of 〈3mm with YJ venom 1,000 μg/ml excluded later systemic symptoms to stings, whereas larger skin reactions gave an equal chance of systemic or local reactions at re-sting. In individuals not stung by UI, YJ and/or HB the decline in venom-specific IgG and IgE was significant, median values ranging from 41% to 75% over the 3-year period. The decline was unaffected by the type of sting reaction prior to the initial test. SPT results did not change significantly. The findings are relevant when testing patients several years after their last insect sting and the results might indicate that the antibody decline is accompanied by a decrease in clinical sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1986.tb01978.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products in a population-based sample in relation to atopy and bronchial hyper-reactivity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Exposure to perfume and fragrance products may, in some individuals, cause symptoms from the eyes and airways. The localization, character and risk factors of such symptoms in the general population are unknown.Objective To investigate both the localization and character of symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products, and the associations between such symptoms and skin prick test reactivity (atopy), methacholine bronchial hyper-reactivity (BHR), allergic rhinitis and asthma.Methods A questionnaire on mucosal symptoms elicited by fragrance products was posted to 1189 persons who had participated in a Danish population-based study of allergic diseases in 1997/1998. The study included measurement of BHR, atopy, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and serum eosinophilic cationic protein (serum ECP).Results The response rate was 79.6%. Symptoms from the eyes or airways elicited by fragrance products were reported by 42%. BHR (adjusted odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.5–3.5) was independently associated with symptoms from the eyes and airways elicited by fragrance products. There were no significant associations between these symptoms and atopy, FEV1 or serum ECP.Conclusions Mucosal symptoms from the eyes and airways were common in this population. BHR was a significant and independent predictor of these symptoms. The lack of association with atopy suggested that IgE-mediated allergic mechanisms do not play a major role in the development of these symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02138.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    House dust mites and their allergens at selected locations in the homes of house dust mite-allergic patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Knowledge of the occurrence of house dust mites (HDM) and their allergens in domestic locations is important when planning intervention.Objective The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of HDMs and their allergens before intervention in multiple locations in the homes of newly diagnosed HDM-allergic patients with a known high Der 1 concentration in their mattress dust.Methods Dust was collected from ten locations in the homes of eight HDM-allergic patients. Dust was analysed for allergen content with ELISAs for Der f 1, Der p 1 and Der m 1; and HDM were counted. Total allergen concentrations (µg Der 1/g dust) were expressed as the sum of Der f 1, Der p 1 and Der m 1.Results On mattresses the median concentration was 86 µg Der 1/g dust (range 30–288) and 188 mites/g dust (range 12–1910). Der 1 exceeded 10 µg/g dust in mattresses (8/8), duvets/pillows (3/8), a bedroom carpet (1/1), a living room carpet (1/6), upholstered furniture (2/8) and a curtain (1/5). Uncarpeted floors, upholstered furniture, bookshelves and walls had significantly lower Der 1 concentration than the mattresses. The relative contribution of Der p 1, Der f 1 or Der m 1 to Der 1 was related to homes, rather than to the location. Der m 1 only occurred in minute amounts.Conclusion For HDM intervention, our results indicate that priority should be given to the removal of allergens from mattresses, and in addition from carpets, duvets/pillows and upholstered furniture. Dust from walls, uncarpeted floors, bookshelves and curtains appear to contribute insignificantly to the domestic HDM allergen load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01472.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine-releasing serum factors as a predictor of the outcome of insect sting reactions. Results from a multicentre study (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cord blood cells were incubated (passively sensitized) with sera from 27 patients with previous systemic reactions to insect stings. Histamine release (HR) from these cells was measured following exposure to venom extracts at increasing concentrations. The aim was to see whether this parameter could predict more efficiently than RAST and skin test the outcome of a subsequent re-sting. Results showed that HR from passively sensitized cells tended to reflect skin sensitivity and specific IgE levels. If patients were not re-stung during the follow-up period, HR from the passively sensitized cells frequently decreased whereas an increase was seen (in 6/13) when using sera collected after re-sting. In conclusion HR from passively sensitized cord blood cells could not satisfactorily predict re-sting reactions in the serum donors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00352.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    House dust mite allergens on different types of mattresses (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Beds and especially mattresses are important breeding grounds for house dust mites. We investigated whether supposed differences in the microclimate on water, spring and foam mattresses were reflected in the occurrence of house dust mite major allergens (Der f I, Der m I, and Der p I) in mattress dust. Fifty-one mattresses that had been in use for 8–25 months were sampled. Median concentration of total major allergens was 0.5 μg/g dust (range 0–45) with little difference between the three major allergens and between the three types of mattresses. Occurrence of mattresses with concentrations above and below the proposed risk level (2 μg/g) was similar in the mattress groups. However, the allergen concentration was above risk level in 56%, if washable underblankets were not applied, compared with only 21% in the group with such underblankets. In conclusion, mattresses tend to accumulate allergen rather rapidly. Neither heated water mattresses, spring nor foam mattresses seem to be of any advantage for mite allergies, whereas underblankets made of synthetic fibres in a cotton or synthetic cover, commonly used in Denmark, might play a beneficial role in reducing allergen exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01667.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does immunotherapy have a role in the treatment of asthma? (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1986.tb01948.x
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