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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 91-103 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Carbohydrates ; Mongolian gerbils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cerebral ischemia was produced by unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in the neck of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), which are frequently characterized by deficiencies in the circulus of Willis. Concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycogen were measured in the hemisphere on the side of occlusion and in the contralateral control hemisphere of animals sacrificed after 5, 15 and 30 min, as well as after 1, 3, 5 and 9 hrs of carotid clamping. Significant decrease of glucose, and increase in lactate and pyruvate concentration were found in the hemisphere ipsilateral to occlusion; the extent of the changes was proportional to the duration of the ischemia. After an initial fall, an increase in the glycogen content occurred in the later stages of ischemia. Glycogen, glucose, lactate and pyruvate were determined also at 1, 5, 20 hrs and 1 week intervals following release of an occlusion lasting for 1 hr. Return to normal values of glucose and pyruvate was seen at 1 hr after release. The lactate and glycogen levels were significantly raised on the occluded side after 20 hrs release. An increased level of glycogen was observed as long as 1 week after a 1-hr carotid occulusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 285-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Mongolian gerbils ; Ultrastructural changes ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mongolian gerbils exposed to relatively short (7 or 15 min) unilateral or bilateral occlusions of the common carotid artery develop, 20 h after release of the clipping, characteristic morphologic changes in the H3 sector of the hippocampus. Ultrastructural study of these changes revealed an eccentric shift of the nuclei associated with chromatolytic perikarya which showed a dense accumulation of lysosomes and mitochondria in their central parts. The Golgi apparatus was recognizable only by clusters of vesicles, and this change was associated with a negative thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Biogenic amines ; Mongolian gerbils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Behaviour of biogenic amines was studied in the brains of Mongolian gerbils subjected to unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Assays on the hemispheres ipsilateral to occlusion revealed in symptom-positive animals a progressive decrease in norepinephrine and dopamine, and an increase in serotonin throughout the duration of an ischemic insult. In post-ischemic periods following the release of the clip, changes in biogenic amine levels generally conformed to the principles of a previously described “maturation” phenomenon, with delayed reactions occurring after the shorter ischemic insults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 123-131 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Mitochondria ; Lysosomes ; Golgi apparatus ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ischemic effect on cerebral enzymes and glycogen content was histochemically evaluated in mongolian, gerbils subjected to unilateral common carotid artery occlusion for various periods of time from 1/2 to 9h. In early stages (up to 2h), the only enzyme affected was the phosphorylase which revealed a decreased activity. Thereafter, the observed changes inclusive of glycogen and other enzymes such as the dehydrogenase, nonspecific acid and alkaline phosphatases, leucine aminopeptidase and thiamine pyrophosphatase progressed proportionally to the duration of ischemia. There was an overall inverse appearance of histochemically demonstrated enzymatic disturbances between the severely damaged ischemic regions and its marginal zones; the former revealing a conspicuous decrease and/or loss of enzymatic activities while the latter showing an increase of the same enzymes. Correlating the various ischemic responses of the intracellular organelles it appears that the changes in the lysosomes and Golgi apparatus occurred slower than those of mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 26 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: -Eight metabolites were measured in the post-ischemic period following either 1 or 3 h of unilateral ischemia in the gerbil cerebral cortex. The levels of ATP, P-creatine, glucose, glycogen and GABA were essentially restored by 1 h after ischemia. In the 3 h ischemic animals. glycogen continued to increase to greater than control values aftcr 5 and 20 h of recirculation. The Icvels of glutamate were unchanged during the ischemic episode, but decreased to 60% of control at Smin and 1 h after either period of ischemia. The concentrations of cyclic AMP, which were 4-to 5-fold elevated during ischemia. increased an additional 6-fold 5 min after recirculation in both groups. Arter 1 h of recovery. the levels were not different from control values. After the 1 h ischemic period, lactate levels recovered between 5 and 20 h of recirculation. In the 3 h ischemic animals. lactate concentrations were still elevated even after 20 h of recirculation. These data suggest that with the exception of lactate. recovery of metabolites is not sevcrely compromiscd by either 1 or 3 h of ischemia. Furthermore, the changes in glycogen. glutamate and cyclic AMP after recirculation suggest that the recovery process is not just a rcversal of the changes observed during ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Several enzyme activities were determined in gerbil cerebral cortex during unilateral ischemia or in the post-ischemic period following 1 h of ischemia. Adenylate cyclase and Na + -K + -activated ATPase showed essentially the same pattern. Neither enzyme changed during ischemia but the activities decreased on recirculation to 40–60% of right side control by 5 h. The ATPase had returned to control level by 20h; the adenylate cyclase by 7 days of recirculation. Particulate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in the ischemic left hemisphere decreased throughout the 6h of ischemia. It remained depressed in the first 5 h of the post-ischemic period but returned to control by 20 h. The soluble protein kinase activity, the soluble cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and the Mg2+ dependent ATPase did not change significantly during the ischemic or post-ischemic periods. The results suggest that ischemia and/or recirculation may affect cellular membranes and membrane-bound enzymes, in particular. Furthermore, the results imply that despite apparent metabolite recovery during the post-ischemic period, enzymatic changes are occurring that may be important for both the quality of recovery and the response to further ischemic insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 732-734 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cortical glycogen levels decreased after both 1 and 3 h of unilateral ischemia. After 1 h of recirculation, the levels of glycogen were restored to control values in both groups. Subsequently, glycogen increased above normal levels after 1 week of recirculation in the 1 h ischemic groups, and after 5 h in the 3 h ischemic group. Thus, the onset of the excess glycogen accumulation appears to be dependent on the intensity of the ischemic insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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