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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic study of IV infusions of adriamycin (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: adriamycin ; cancer patients ; infusion ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin has been studied in 21 cancer patients (31–85 years old) without liver tumours after short (3.00 min) and prolonged (45 min-16h) i.v. infusions. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma concentration compensated for dose variation showed a more than 3-fold individual variation. The pharmacokinetics of adriamycin was linear. There was no pharmacokinetic rational for variation of the dose with the age of the patients. There was good agreement between the measured plasma concentration-time curves for prolonged infusions and curves predicted from pharmacokinetic data from short term infusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream habitat use and diet of juvenile (0+) brown trout and grayling in sympatry (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – Electrofishing survey data and experiments carried out in a semi-natural stream were used to test the hypothesis that interactions between underyearling (0+) trout and grayling during their first summer affect habitat use and diet. The survey data revealed a general difference in habitat use, with 0+ grayling being more common than 0+ trout in large streams and deeper sections. It was also found that in the presence of trout, finer substrate and shallower sections were utilised more by grayling. Field experiments were carried out with three treatments; trout alone, grayling alone and the two species together. In both the July and September experiments grayling tended to occupy deeper sections than trout. Trout abundance was higher in shallow areas in sympatry, while no such difference was found in allopatry. The rate of disappearance of grayling from the study sections was significantly higher in sympatry in July, while no difference was found in September. In July the size difference between species and the degree of dietary overlap were small and non-significant, respectively, indicating that the two species were strongly competing./〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2000.eff090401.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal adaptation of Arctic charr: experimental studies of growth in eleven charr populations from Sweden, Norway and Britain (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Experimental growth data for Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), all fed on excess rations, from 11 European watercourses between 54 and 70°N were analysed and fitted to a new general growth model for fish. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with the growth rate of charr in the wild.2. Growth performance varied among populations, mainly because of variation in the maximum growth potential, whereas the thermal response curves were similar. The estimated lower and upper temperatures for growth varied between −1.7 to 5.3 and 20.8–23.2 °C, respectively, while maximum growth occurred between 14.4 and 17.2 °C.3. There was no geographical or climatic trend in growth performance among populations and therefore no indication of thermal adaptation. The growth potential of charr from different populations correlated positively with fish body length at maturity and maximum weight in the wild. Charr from populations including large piscivorous fish had higher growth rates under standardised conditions than those from populations feeding on zoobenthos or zooplankton. Therefore, the adaptive variation in growth potential was related to life-history characteristics and diet, rather than to thermal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01326.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and sexual maturation of six stocks of brown trout Salmo trutta L. in culture (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The growth dynamics of six different Swedish stocks (Arjeplog, Arevattnet, Bergnäs, Båthälla, Granbo. Gullspång) of landlocked brown trout were compared. The fish were kept in 1-m2 troughs from start of feeding in spring 1988 until September 1989. Thereafter the stocks were reared together in 4-m2 troughs until the termination of the experiment in October 1990. After the first summer of growth, Bergnäs trout had the highest mean weight and Granbo and Båthälla trout the lowest. In September 1989 the ranking of stocks with respect to mean weight had not changed. During the rest of the experiment, i.e. when stocks were reared together, Arevattnet trout increased in weight most rapidly and reached the highest final mean weight. Bergnäs trout grew very slowly after the stocks had been merged. Granbo and Båthälla trout ended up with the lowest mean weights. Sexual maturation in 1 + males was very rare. Gullspång trout had the highest proportion (42%) of mature 2+ males, while Granbo trout had the lowest proportion (4%). With the exception of Gullspång trout, mature males generally had a higher mean weight than immature fish.The experiment revealed considerable differences in overall growth, even between stocks with similar life histories in nature. Hatching time, frequency of sexual maturation and hatchery selection were identified as potential mechanisms behind the observed differences. In all, stock differences in important traits for commercial aquaculture are considerable, which makes further stock comparisons necessary before the start of breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb01240.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and distribution of pond- and hatchery-reared 0+ brown trout, Salmo trutta L., released in a Swedish stream (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 23 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: During 1985-88, a total of 17500 under-yearling (0+) brown trout. salmo trutta L., were released in Låktabäcken Creek in Swedish Lapland. Of these, 15500 had been reared in a pond adjacent to the creek during their first summer, where they fed on natural prey. The other 2000 were conventionally reared hatchery fish fed dry food pellets. All fish were released in the autumn (size 6O-70mm) at the confluence of the pond outlet and the creek. Electrofishing revealed that the stocked fish gradually spread downstream from the point of release at the expense of the resident wild trout population. In 1989, stocked fish accounted for 70-90% and 30-50% of the trout population in the upper and lower stretches of the creek respectively. No long-term changes in total trout densities or standing crop occurred as a result of stocking. First-year survival of fish released in the creek varied between 15 and 30% over the 4 years. After 3 years, 5% of the stocked fish remained in the creek. Planted fish grew less rapidly than wild fish during the first year in the creek. Pond fish had a higher survival rate than hatchery fish and showed a greater propensity to disperse from the point of release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1992.tb00791.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of habitat improvement on the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., population of a northern Swedish stream (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Effects of four types of habitat improvement structures have been evaluated in Låktabäcken Creek, a steep and infertile brown trout, Salmo trutta L., stream in Northern Sweden. Boulder dams proved to be the most efficient structure, increasing brown trout densities by up to three times and standing crop by up to five times their original values. Log deflectors gave similar effects on standing crop while boulder groupings and boulder deflectors seemed to be inefficient. Older/larger fish were primarily favoured. No increase in growth or enhanced condition has been registered. Obviously, profitable stream positions for older fish were lacking in Läktabäcken Creek. An increase in the amount of cover and an increase in the winter survival might be secondary effects of alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1989.tb00373.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migratory behaviour of brown trout, Salmo trutta L: importance of genetic and environmental influences (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Lake Storvindeln in northern Sweden supports a population of fast-growing lake-run brown trout. Spawning and early rearing take place in the River Vindelälven, while most growth occurs in the lake (piscivory). A smaller tributary to the lake, Låktabäcken Creek, holds a resident, early maturing, short-lived brown trout population, although no migratory barriers have existed since 1947. To establish a lake-run trout population, fry from the migratory R. Vindelälven stock were introduced into the creek during 1985–1991. Introduced trout descended to the lake prior to maturing. As a result of the introduction, large adult trout returned from L. Storvindeln to the creek to spawn in 1991 and 1992; i. e., the introduced trout were able to complete a migratory life cycle. Genetic factors appeared to have a primary influence on the predisposition to migrate in this case, and it is suggested that migratory populations rarely develop from strictly resident ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1993.tb00083.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper thermal limits for feeding and growth of 0+ Arctic charr (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 55 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus from two diVerent stocks were fed live Neomysis integer, the upper thermal limits for feeding and growth were established in the range 21·5–21·8° C. These critical temperatures might have been underestimates, because fish tend to show increased sensitivity to handling at high experimental temperatures. In the second experiment, the proportion of feeding undisturbed charr from four stocks decreased initially as temperature was raised in steps from 18 to 22° C. At the lower temperatures, 18 and 20) C, almost all fish resumed feeding, but the recovery time was longer and more fish ceased to feed at 20) C than at 18° C. When the temperature was increased to 21° C, 50% of the fish ceased feeding permanently, and all fish ceased feeding within 2 days at 22° C. It is concluded that 0+ charr cease to feed and grow at c.21·5) C and that the critical temperatures for feeding and growth coincide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00669.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction for food and space between populations of Galaxias vulgaris Stokell and juvenile Salmo trutta L. in a New Zealand stream (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The trophic and spatial interrelationships between a native (Galaxias vulguris Stokell, Galaxiidae) and an exotic (Salmo trutta L., Salmonidae) fish species were investigated over a 24-h period in a New Zealand stream. Interspecific overlap in feeding was greatest at dusk and dawn, as G. vulgaris fed primarily from dusk to post-dawn and S. trutta fed primarily from pre-dawn to post-dusk. Both species fed mainly on benthic and drifting aquatic invertebrates, with larval Deleatidium (Ephemeroptera). Hydora (Coleoptera) and Chironomidae (Diptera) being their preferred prey, although Trichoptera imagos were also preferred by S. trutta. Both species were found primarily in runs and riffles with G. vulgaris occupying slightly shallower (≤0.3 m) and faster (0.3–0.7 m s1) waters than did S. trutta (≤0.5 m deep and 0.2–0.4 m s−1 water velocity). We suggest that these rather subtle interspecifc differences in die1 feeding periodicities, diets and microdistributions play a part in lessening the interaction between co-occurring populations of G. wlguris and S. trutta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02719.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of regular seasonal habitat shifts in a landlocked Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., population (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Parts of the Arctic charr population of the subarctic Lake Visjön in north-west Sweden migrate upstream during the spring to two small, recently eutrophied and very productive lakes. Large repeat migrants arrive first, followed by young first-time migrants. Charr in the small lakes grow more rapidly than those resident in L. Visjön. In early September mature fish leave the lakes, followed by immature fish later in September and in October. Overwintering and spawning takes place in L. Visjön. Migratory females attain maturity at age 4 years and resident females at age 6 years. The migrant fish return annually until they are 5–6 years old. This limit may be due to reduced relative growth benefits of the habitat shift for larger individuals. The rapid development of these regular habitat shifts could be explained by an internally fixed exploratory behaviour in these Arctic charr that makes the detection and utilization of distant feeding resources possible. Migrants will possess a considerably higher fitness, if survival rates for migratory and resident fish are equal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05620.x
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