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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 258 (1975), S. 80-80 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These neurones change their discharge frequency in response to changes in local brain temperature: that of warm-sensitive neurones increases with a rise in temperature2"3, while that of cold-sensitive neurones increases with a fall in temperature4. Intravenous pyrogen in anaesthetised animals (cat ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1590-1591 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Several investigators have recorded unit activities of the medullary respiratory neurone, but little is known about the unit discharge when respiration is modified by mid-pontine or medullar transection. During the inspiratory response caused by low frequency vagal stimulation6, the expiratory ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Preoptic area ; Thermosensitive neuron ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of inspired CO2 on preoptic thermosensitive neurons were studied in urethanized rats. Most of the neurons changed their activities diversely while the rat breathed 4%, 7%, and 10% CO2 gas mixtures. Half of the neurons increased activity during CO2 inhalation, but activity was not necessarily intensified by elevating CO2 concentration. Thermosensitive neurons tended to increase activity more than thermally insensitive neurons. The effect of CO2 on sensitivity of thermosensitive neurons was also examined by regression of neuronal activity on preoptic temperature. The slopes of the regression lines during CO2 inhalation did not differ significantly from those during air inhalation in either warm-sensitive or cold-sensitive neurons, but CO2 did elevate the intercepts in most instances (P〈0.01). However, ifP〈0.05 is accepted as a significance level, the slopes of the regression lines for warmsensitive neurons tended to decrease during CO2 inhalation (9/39 pairs). The present results indicate that preoptic thermosensitive neurons generally increase their activities and modify their thermosensitivities during CO2 inhalation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Peripheral chemo- and baro-receptors ; Carbon dioxide ; Preoptic area ; Thermosensitive neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to see if the responses of thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic (PO) area to inspired CO2 seen in spontaneously ventilated rats were indirectly driven by reflexive changes in respiration and circulation. In urethanized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated (AV) rats, the effects of 10% CO2 inhalation on PO thermosensitive neurons were examined by regression of neuronal activity on PO temperature. The experiments were made in intact rats and in rats whose peripheral chemo- and baro-receptors were denervated (AVD). In both AV and AVD rats, the slope of the regression line decreased significantly (P〈0.05) during CO2 inhalation in half of the warmsensitive neurons studied (64.3% in AV rats, 41.7% in AVD rats). Peripheral chemo- and baro-receptors thus do not appear to be responsible for decreased thermosensitivities of warm-sensitive neurons during CO2 inhalation. The tendency for activities of warm-sensitive neurons to increase progressively at lowerT po was seen during CO2 inhalation in both AV and AVD rat. However, the average differences in mean firing rate between 10% CO2 and air inhalations were 2–3 imp/s greater at anyT po in AV rats than in AVD rats. In AVD rats, warm-sensitive neurons were rather inhibited by CO2 at higherT po. Excitation of warm-sensitive neurons during CO2 inhalation in AV rats, which was independent ofT po, was considered to be caused by the signals from peripheral receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 409 (1987), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Hypoxia ; Preoptic area ; Thermosensitive neuron ; Thermoregulation ; Hypercapnia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of hypoxia (10% O2) on the thermosensitivities of preoptic neurons were studied in urethanized rats and compared to the effects of hypercapnia (10% CO2). This was examined by regression of neuronal activity on preoptic temperature. During hypoxia, the slope of the regression line increased significantly in 8 (23%) of 35 warmsensitive neurons and decreased in eight other neurons (P〈0.05). During hypercapnia, the slope of the regression line decreased significantly in 7 (30%) of the 23 warmsensitive neurons (P〈0.05). No neuron was found that significantly increased the slope of the regression line. The effects of hypoxia on thermosensitivities (i.e. the slope of the regression line) of PO neurons differed from those of hypercapnia in chi-square analysis (P〈0.05). Responses of the cold-sensitive neurons to hypoxia or hypercapnia did not generally differ from those of the warm-sensitive neurons. During hypoxia and hypercapnia, arterial blood pressure, respiratory frequency, heart rate, and EEG were recorded to examine their relations to neuronal activity. The present results indicate that the thermosensitivities of preoptic neurons are modified by both hypoxia and hypercapnia, but that hypoxic differ from hypercapnic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Warm-sensitive neuron ; Preoptic and hypothalamic area ; Scrotum ; Tail vasodilation ; Thermoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of preoptic and hypothalamic thermal stimulation on tail skin temperature were observed at different scrotal temperatures. The threshold hypothalamic temperature for tail vasodilation at a scrotal temperature of 40°C was significantly lower than that at a scrotal temperature of either 25°C or 33°C. The effects of scrotal thermal stimulation on tail skin vasodilated by higher hypothalamic temperatures were observed. Cooling the scrotum from 42 to 30°C invariably caused a rapid fall in tail temperature, whereas scrotal cooling from 30 to 25°C did not cause any significant change. Cooling of either the left or right half of the scrotum caused a similar fall in tail temperature. The temperature characteristics of the preoptic hypothalamic thermo-sensitive neurons were determined at scrotal temperatures of 32, 36 and 26°C. The firing rate of warm-sensitive neurons at a given hypothalamic temperature was highest at a scrotal temperature of 36°C, while that of cold-sensitive neurons was lowest at that temperature. The scrotal temperature range over which the number of neurons activated by scrotal warming increased rapidly was between 36 and 39°C when hypothalamic temperature was held at 36–37°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 406 (1986), S. 351-355 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Salivary secretion ; Hyperthermia ; Scrotal temperature ; Abdominal temperature ; Facial temperature ; Hypothalamic temperature ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effect of thermal stimulation on salivary secretion was examined in urethane anesthetized (i.p., 1.0 g/kg) rats. First, rectal temperature (T re) was maintained at various levels by warming the whole trunk with a heating blanket. Copious salivary secretion occurred whenT re reached a threshold value above 40°C, which is considerably higher than the threshold for tail vasodilation. Local warming of the scrotum, face, or hypothalamus also elicited salivary secretion, but only ifT re was in a limited range just below the threshold temperature at whichT re alone would induce salivary secretion. The higher theT re within that limited range, the lower the temperature of the site locally warmed at which salivary secretion began. Changes in temperature of the abdomen, not including the scrotum, modulated the salivary secretion elicited by scrotal warming. Hypothalamic and scrotal temperatures interacted with each other to affect salivary secretion. Temperature signals from both core and periphery thus appear to be integrated in bringing about salivary secretion. Thermally induced salivary secretion may function as a basis for saliva spreading behavior observed in rats in a hot environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 380 (1979), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Thermoregulation ; Temperature-sensitive neuron ; Scrotal thermal afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of thermal stimulation (18–41.5°C) of the scrotum were observed on neurons in the preoptic area and hypothalamus (POHY) in anesthetized rats. Changes in firing rate of POHY neurons occurred, with three exceptions, within the scrotal temperature range of 30–41°C. There was no dynamic response and little or no sign of rapid adaptation. Out of 46 warm-sensitive neurons, 34 increased and 9 decreased in firing rate with a rise in scrotal temperature. Out of 26 cold-sensitive neurons, 19 were excited and 4 were suppressed by scrotal cooling. The 3 exceptions were excited by scrotal warming above 36°C, and were also excited by cooling below 30°C. Out of 54 thermally-insensitive neurons, 16 were excited by scrotal warming, 7 by cooling and 2 by warming and cooling. The scrotal temperature change needed to produce full change in POHY neuronal activity varied from less than 1°C to 7°C, and was usually less than 4°C. Thermal stimulation of either half of the scrotum had identical influence on the same POHY neuron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Temperature-sensitive neuron ; Scrotal temperature ; Dynamic response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Activities of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons were recorded in anesthetized rats in response to serotal thermal stimulation. Thirteen out of 54 neurons responsive to changes of scrotal temperature (T ser) showed dynamic responses. Four of these neurons increased and 3 neurons decreased their firing rates responding dynamically to warming but not to cooling. Six other neurons were inhibited by scrotal cooling only. These dynamic responses were produced even by temperature changes as slow as 2 C/min and only when the scrotum was warmed or cooled in theT ser range above 35° C. These dynamic responses are suggested to be a result of signal processing in supraspinal structures including POAH itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Temperature-responsive neuron ; Hypothalamus ; Thalamus ; Scrotal temperature ; Threshold temperature ; Electroencephalogram (EEG)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurons in the rat's thalamus and hypothalamus abruptly change their firing rates from minimum to maximum, or vice versa, with increase in scrotal temperature of 1°C or less (“switching response”). The threshold temperature of the switching response was compared in pairs of neurons simultaneously recorded from the right and left thalamus or from the right thalamus and the left hypothalamus. In dynamic conditions in which scrotal skin was gradually warmed at rates of 1–7°C/min, the threshold temperatures of each neuron pair differed by only 0.4°C or less. The threshold temperatures of static responses of each pair of neurons, which was determined with step changes in scrotal temperature, fell in a range less than 0.8°C. Scrotal wariming produced desynchronization of cortical EEG which was monitored during unit recordings. The change in EEG occurred at about the same scrotal temperature at which the switching responses of the diencephalic neurons were elicited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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