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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Halogen Migration in the Reaction of Organic Dihalides with Aluminum Chloride1 (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 30 (1965), S. 1303-1305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01015a542
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and characterization of a chitosanase from the chitosanolytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli strain CHB101 (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 354-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A chitosanase was purified from the culture fluid of the chitino- and chitosanolytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli strain CHB101. The purified enzyme (chitosanase A) had a molecular mass of 28 kDa, and catalyzed the endo-type cleavage of chitosans having a low degree of acetylation (0–30%). The enzyme hydrolyzed glucosamine oligomers larger than a pentamer, but did not exhibit any activity toward N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers and colloidal chitin. The gene coding for chitosanase A (csnA) was isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. B. gladioli csnA has an ORF encoding a polypeptide of 355 amino acid residues. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified chitosanase A and comparison with that deduced from the csnA ORF suggests post-translational processing of a putative signal peptide and a possible substrate-binding domain. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponding to the mature protein showed 80% similarity to the sequences reported from Bacillus circulans strain MH-K1 and Bacillus ehimensis strain EAG1, which belong to family 46 glycosyl hydrolases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000388
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography in intracranial vascular abnormalities (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1909-1912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance angiography ; Contrast media ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present our clinical experience with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) with subtraction for assessing intracranial vascular abnormalities. Ten patients with various cerebrovascular disorders underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA on a 1.0-T system. Thirty sections (2 mm) were acquired in 29–30 s. Maximum intensity projection images and subtracted source images were compared with those obtained by conventional angiography. In all cases, the presence or absence of abnormalities in the targeted vessels, as well as the morphology of the sagittal sinuses, was clearly visualized as in conventional angiography, without any obstructions such as hyperintense hematomas or thrombi, or intraluminal turbulence. Although the temporal and spatial resolutions with current hardware are insufficient, these preliminary results suggest that dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA with subtraction may be useful for assessing vascular lesions with hemorrhage or thrombus, and the dural sinuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050946
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nipple discharge disorders: current diagnostic management and the role of fiber-ductoscopy (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Breast ; Nipple discharge ; Ductography ; Fiber-ductoscopy ; Papilloma ; Diagnosis ; Nonpalpable breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nipple discharge disorders is a field in which there has been both increasing awareness on the part of patients and advances in management. Today secretion from nipples can be classified according to its color, cellularity and biology. To be significant a discharge should be true, spontaneous, persistent and non-lactational. Moreover there are methods to differentiate patients who require surgical intervention from those who do not. Surgically significant nipple discharges are watery, serous (yellow), serosanguineous and bloody. Cytology smears of discharge material have helped to classify the cellular material, providing information about normality, atypia and malignancy and also about papillary formation of the exfoliated cells. Tests such as Hemoccult help to discover occult blood in the secreted fluid. Modern immunological tests can be performed on cytology smears where occurrence of high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen could indicate a latent malignancy. Galactography investigation is today the state-of-the-art approach to investigate patients with nipple discharge disorders and this examination can demonstrate the size, location and extent of an intraductal abnormality. Modern high-resolution ultrasound techniques are helpful in visualizing intraductal disorders and are becoming a good complementary approach if not an alternative to traditional radiology techniques. Recently even MR galactography has been shown to be of diagnostic value, but not as informative as regular galactography. The most sophisticated investigation method, which can also be used therapeutically, is fiber-ductoscopy of the concerned duct in a breast. This technique, although expensive and in its infancy, is a fascinating and promising approach for inspecting the intraductal lumina. In this article the background, current investigation methods and possibilities of the technique are described, as well as the most sophisticated ways to deal with nipple discharge disorders in human breasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050715
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of an inhomogeneous magnetic field on flowing erythrocytes (1987)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1987), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: (Flowing) erythrocytes ; magnetic field effect ; paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Effects of an inhomogeneous magnetic field on narrow erythrocyte streams in a wide and transparent laminar buffer flow were studied. The stream line of erythrocytes containing paramagnetic hemoglobin showed distinct displacement toward the stronger magnetic field. The displacement increased in the order, oxygenated erythrocytes (no displacement), erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin, deoxygenated erythrocytes, erythrocytes containing methemoglobin in the high spin state; more precisely the displacement was proportional to the square of the paramagnetic moment of hemoglobin contained in the erythrocytes. In addition, the displacement was proportional to the product of the magnetic flux density and its gradient, and approximately proportional to the hematocrit of the flowing-erythrocyte suspension, and was much larger than that calculated for a single erythrocyte. These phenomena could be successfully interpreted by the interaction of paramagnetic erythrocytes with the inhomogeneous magnetic field, the resistance force (Stokes Law) from the bulk water, and the hydrodynamic interaction between erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253838
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of paramagnetic centers in X-ray-irradiated enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ESR ; Bone ; Enamel ; CO3-Apatite ; Paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, enamel, and bone were irradiated by an X-ray and investigated between 77° and 350°K by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR spectrum of enamel irradiated at 77°K in vacuum and observed at the same temperature was almost the same as that of the carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The temperature dependence of signal intensities confirms a spin-energy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents in bone, but in enamel no or very little spinenergy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents. Considerable similarity among the ESR spectra of enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing apatite was obtained after X-ray irradiation in air at 300°K with both an X-band and a Q-band ESR spectrometer. The Q-band spectrum can be interpreted in terms of two paramagnetic species. One is identified as a CO 3 3− anion radical which has an axial symmetry withg factors of 2.0029 and 1.9972. The other species is found to be centered atg=2.0019.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    F−-CO 3 2− interaction in IR spectra of fluoridated CO3-apatites (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 78-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: F−-CO 3 2− interaction ; Fluoridated CO3-apatites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Spectroscopic properties of fluoridated CO3-apatites were studied by means of infrared (IR) absorption analysis. The peak of the IR band caused by CO 3 2− ions at 875 cm−1 shifted to a lower frequency with the degree of fluoridation. This result suggests that there is a significant interaction between F− and CO 3 2− ions in the apatite crystals. The interaction of both these ions is discussed with regard to the solubility behavior of fluoridated CO3-apatites in the acetate buffer solution at pH 4.0 and at 37°C. Solubility of these fluoridated CO3-apatites approached that of fluoridated hydroxyapatites at high fluoride content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hardness of Oxide Scales on Fe-Si Alloys at Room- and High-Temperatures (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 522-523 (Aug. 2006), p. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hardness of oxide scales on Fe-(0, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0)Si alloys was studied at room temperature afteroxidation at 1273 K for 18 ks in oxygen, and at 1073 and 1273 K for 180 and 1080 ks in dry air, bymicro-Vickers hardness measurements. After oxidation at 1273 K for 18 ks, high-temperature hardness ofoxide scales on Fe-(0, 1.5, 3.0)Si alloys was also measured at 1273 K. Oxide scales on Fe-Si alloys weremainly Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO and Fe2SiO4. Hardness of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO on Fe was 6.7, 4.0 and 3.5 (GPa),respectively, and hardness of Fe2O3 on Fe-Si alloys slightly increased with increasing silicon content at roomtemperature. At 1273 K, hardness of Fe3O4 and FeO on Fe was 0.08 and 0.05 (GPa), respectively, andhardness of Fe2O3 on Fe-1.5Si alloy was 0.32 (GPa), and that of Fe2O3 and Fe2SiO4 on Fe-3.0Si alloy was0.53 and 0.63 (GPa), respectively
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/13/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.522-523.469.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product yield-detected ESR on magnetic field-dependent photoreduction of quinones in SDS micellar solution (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 6792-6800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transient free radicals in the magnetic field-dependent photoreduction of quinones (menadione or anthraquinone) in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution, were converted to stable nitroxide radicals by the "spin trapping'' technique with or without the microwave irradiation. Upon irradiating the microwave at 160 mW, the product yield ("spin adduct'' of the alkyl radical generated from SDS molecule) decreased by up to 14% at certain magnetic fields in a resonant manner. Although only one component of the postulated radical pair was converted to the spin adduct, the decrease in the yield as a function of external magnetic field revealed the ESR spectra of both component radicals of the radical pair, i.e., the semiquinone radical and the alkyl radical from SDS. This experiment not only gives the direct evidence for the radical pair model, but also suggests the possibility for this method to be applied in controlling the chemical reactions by the microwave. A simple calculation was made to simulate the observed "product yield-detected ESR.'' Agreements were achieved semiquantitatively between the observed reductions in the spin adduct yields and those calculated. The estimated exchange interaction between the component radicals in the radical pair of the present systems was lower than 0.3 mT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452378
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A double-stranded RNA mycovirus from the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium solani f. sp. robiniae (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 110 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two kinds of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), estimated to be 1.9 and 1.7 kb in size, were detected in the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium solani f. sp. robiniae. Isometric virus-like particles (VLPs), 30 nm in diameter, were recovered from cell extracts as a discrete band when centrifuged through a CsCl density gradient. The dsRNA molecules extracted from VLP preparations were identical in electrophoretic mobility to the dsRNAs obtained directly from cells. SDS-PAGE analysis of the VLPs revealed a single polypeptide of 38 kDa. The dsRNAs obtained directly from cells. SDS-PAGE analysis of the asexual cycle).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06312.x
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