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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical changes in cell envelope and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate during short term starvation of a marine bacterial isolate (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starvation ; Fatty acid composition ; Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; d-Alanine ; Marine bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in lipids, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and a cell wall peptidoglycan consitutent in a marine bacterial isolate during starvation for 24 h in an energy and nutrient-free medium. While the amount and composition of the membrane fatty acids fluctuated within the first hours of starvation, the total amount of fatty acids decreased during the starvation period. Furthermore, the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids decreased and the proportion of short chain fatty acids increased. In the very early phase of starvation the bacteria contained PHB, which had been accumulated during the growth phase, but after 3 h no PHB was detected. Cells starved for phosphorus showed a different pattern as PHB was initially accumulated and did not decrease until 5 h of starvation. Synthesis of the cell wall amino acid d-alanine was initiated during the first phase of starvation. The effects of these changes on membrane fluidity and uptake of substrates as well as the use of fatty acids and PHB as energy resources during starvation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409882
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in lipid composition between free-living and initially adhered cells of a Gram-negative bacterium (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacterial membrane ; Fatty acid ratios ; Adhesion ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Subpopulation ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phospholipid fatty acid composition and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of initially adhered and free-living cells of a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the rape plant Brassica napus were examined with gas chromatography (GC). Five different adhesion experiments were made including variations in surface charge (hydrophilic and lipophilic), temperature, media composition and time of adhesion. Lipids and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were extracted with a chloroform-methanol-water mixture, hydrolyzed and esterified with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Analysis was performed with capillary gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. A pronounced difference in both the ratio saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and in PHB content between free-living and adhered bacteria were found. The free-living bacteria has a significantly smaller ratio of saturated/unsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids and also a smaller ratio of total C18/total C16 fatty acids. Bacteria adhered to the lipophilic surface had a higher ratio of saturated to unsaturated C16 fatty acids than at the hydrophilic surface. There were no major differences between the treatments regarding the amount of bacteria adhered to the surface or their lipid composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446755
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and morphological changes during short term starvation of marine bacterial islates (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starvation-survival ; Recovery from starvation ; Oxygen uptake ; Energy and nutrient requirement ; Vesicle formation ; Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; Marine bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three marine bacteria were examined for physiological and morphological changes in the initial phase of starvation. It was found that the starvation process was induced in a similar way irrespective of whether the cells were suspended in nutrient and energy free artificial seawater (NSS) or NSS supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus. An initial phase of increased activity was consistent with a decreased response to added nutrients. Recovery from starvation exhibited the same response in both these starvation regimes, measured throughout the starvation period. Cells in nitrogen or phosphorus deprived starvation regimes, showed a high and rapid increased activity, followed by a delayed and more pronounced decline in respiratory activity. The initial phase of starvation also included a loss of poly-β-hydroybutyrate as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two bacterial strains showed formation of small vesicles on the outer cell layer when examined by TEM. This formation and release of vesicles was related to the continuous size reduction during starvation survival. The results are discussed in terms of defining the mechanisms of initial cellular responses to nutrient deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between bacteria-feeding nematodes and bacteria in the rape rhizosphere: effects on root exudation and distribution of bacteria (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 73 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of rhizosphere bacteria (RB), and rhizosphere bacteria with bacteria-feeding nematodes (RBN), on the composition of root exudate were examined after 2 weeks in gnotobiotic culture systems with rape seedlings (Brassica napus (L.)). The amounts of low molecular weight carbohydrates and of some free amino acids, per unit root dry weight, in the exudates were lower in the RB and RBN treatments than in the axenic control (R treatment). The growth of nematodes implied a production of bacterial cells in the RBN treatment 2.6 times that in the RB treatment. The bacterial growth in the RB treatment and the bacterial growth in combination with grazing by nematodes in the RBN treatment implied 24 and 63 times as much exudation of organic carbon, respectively, as in the R treatment.Most bacteria were attached to sand particles. The nematodes being suspension-feeders, decreased the proportion of free bacteria from 6% in the RB treatment to 2% in the RBN treatment. The numbers of attached bacteria in the RBN treratment were positively correlated with the numbers of nematodes, indicating stimulation of bacterial growth by the grazing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03920.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic Substances in Leaves of Populus tremula as Inhibitors of Mycorrhizal Fungi (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 25 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The inhibitory principles of aqueous extracts of aspen leaves, acting upon mycorrhizal fungi of forest trees, were isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate and chromatography on silicic acid. Two inhibitors were identified as benzoic acid and catechol by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. When added to a synthetic medium, these substances had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of different Boletus-species and a weaker inhibitory effect on litter-decomposing Marasmius-species. When the fraction of the extract which was not soluble in ethyl acetate was included in the medium, the aromatic compounds still inhibited the mycorrhizal fungi while the growth of the litter-decomposers was stimulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb01100.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas Chromatographic Determination of Phytol in Plant Material (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 22 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Phytol can be gas chromatographed without decomposition on an all-glass column with 2% Hyprose SP-80 on Chromosorb W; is stationary phase. Utilizing this a technique has been developed by which phytol of plant origin can be quantitatively determined. The practical limit of sensitivity is about 0.02 μg of phytol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1969.tb07424.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Fatty Acids on the Activity of Bacteriolytic Enzymes (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 27 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ability of fatty acids to sensitize gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cells to the action of bacteriolytic enzymes was studied. By synergetic effects between bacteriolytic enzymes and fatty acids isolated from Myxococcus such bacteria, which were otherwise resistant to the enzymes, could be lysed. Isobranched and unbranched acids with 11–15 carbon atoms were active and could sensitize Bacillus megaterium and Aerobacter aerogenes to the action of bacteriolytic enzymes from myxobacteria and to lysozyme. The sensitizing activity of tetradecanoic acid was enhanced with increasing concentration even after the solution was saturated. Neither ethylene diaminetetraacetate (0.1 and 1 mM) nor Triton X-100 (1 0/00) could sensitize resistant bacteria to the action of bacteriolytic enzymes. However, they were active in combination and they could also increase the effect of tetradecanoic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1972.tb03599.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term culturing of plants with aseptic roots Determination of rape root exudates (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A plant culture system allowing growth of aseptic roots has been designed. One version of the system comprises vessels developed for plant root-microorganism interaction studies in series. A second version has been built for measurements of different physiological parameters of the shoot and root system during growth periods of at least 2 months. The system was tested by determining soluble organic carbon glucose and sucrose in the root exudates of rape plants (Brassica napus L.) grown for 3 weeks in the culture system. The plants were cultivated with a sterile or a non-sterile root system, or with a root system infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11616234
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of volatile nematode exudates and their effects on a nematode-trapping fungus (1980)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 6 (1980), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile compounds exuded from axenically grown free-living nematodes were determined with gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Carbon dioxide evolved from 5–200 nematodes was determined with an ampoule technique, whereas total ammonia (NH3 + NH4 +) and acetic and propionic acids were determined by direct injection of water in which nematodes had been suspended for 1–3 days. CO2 amounted to about 80 ng nematode−1 d−1, total ammonia to 1–5 ng, and acetic and propionic acids to 0.5 and 1.0 pg nematode−1 d−1. The effects of these compounds on induction of trap formation in the nematodetrapping fungusArthrobotrys oligospora were tested. CO2 inhibited trap formation at 5–10% CO2 in air (v/v), whereas ammonia stimulated trap formation in a certain concentration range. No effects of acetic and propionic acids were noted for the concentrations tested. The combined effects of these volatiles in the aqueous environment are discussed on the basis of stoichiometric considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010389
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorinated fatty acids in membrane lipids of fish (1998)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050488
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