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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical changes in cell envelope and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate during short term starvation of a marine bacterial isolate (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starvation ; Fatty acid composition ; Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; d-Alanine ; Marine bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Qualitative and quantitative changes were observed in lipids, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and a cell wall peptidoglycan consitutent in a marine bacterial isolate during starvation for 24 h in an energy and nutrient-free medium. While the amount and composition of the membrane fatty acids fluctuated within the first hours of starvation, the total amount of fatty acids decreased during the starvation period. Furthermore, the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids decreased and the proportion of short chain fatty acids increased. In the very early phase of starvation the bacteria contained PHB, which had been accumulated during the growth phase, but after 3 h no PHB was detected. Cells starved for phosphorus showed a different pattern as PHB was initially accumulated and did not decrease until 5 h of starvation. Synthesis of the cell wall amino acid d-alanine was initiated during the first phase of starvation. The effects of these changes on membrane fluidity and uptake of substrates as well as the use of fatty acids and PHB as energy resources during starvation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409882
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in lipid composition between free-living and initially adhered cells of a Gram-negative bacterium (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacterial membrane ; Fatty acid ratios ; Adhesion ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Subpopulation ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phospholipid fatty acid composition and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of initially adhered and free-living cells of a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the rape plant Brassica napus were examined with gas chromatography (GC). Five different adhesion experiments were made including variations in surface charge (hydrophilic and lipophilic), temperature, media composition and time of adhesion. Lipids and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were extracted with a chloroform-methanol-water mixture, hydrolyzed and esterified with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Analysis was performed with capillary gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. A pronounced difference in both the ratio saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and in PHB content between free-living and adhered bacteria were found. The free-living bacteria has a significantly smaller ratio of saturated/unsaturated C16 and C18 fatty acids and also a smaller ratio of total C18/total C16 fatty acids. Bacteria adhered to the lipophilic surface had a higher ratio of saturated to unsaturated C16 fatty acids than at the hydrophilic surface. There were no major differences between the treatments regarding the amount of bacteria adhered to the surface or their lipid composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446755
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and morphological changes during short term starvation of marine bacterial islates (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Starvation-survival ; Recovery from starvation ; Oxygen uptake ; Energy and nutrient requirement ; Vesicle formation ; Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; Marine bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three marine bacteria were examined for physiological and morphological changes in the initial phase of starvation. It was found that the starvation process was induced in a similar way irrespective of whether the cells were suspended in nutrient and energy free artificial seawater (NSS) or NSS supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus. An initial phase of increased activity was consistent with a decreased response to added nutrients. Recovery from starvation exhibited the same response in both these starvation regimes, measured throughout the starvation period. Cells in nitrogen or phosphorus deprived starvation regimes, showed a high and rapid increased activity, followed by a delayed and more pronounced decline in respiratory activity. The initial phase of starvation also included a loss of poly-β-hydroybutyrate as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two bacterial strains showed formation of small vesicles on the outer cell layer when examined by TEM. This formation and release of vesicles was related to the continuous size reduction during starvation survival. The results are discussed in terms of defining the mechanisms of initial cellular responses to nutrient deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00491898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Escherichia coli ftsK1 mutation attenuates the induction of σS-dependent genes upon transition to stationary phase (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 206 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mutation in the cell division gene ftsK causes super-induction of σ70-dependent stress defense genes, such as uspA, during entry of cells into stationary phase. In contrast, we report here that stationary phase induction of σS-dependent genes, uspB and cfa, is attenuated and that σS accumulates at a lower rate in ftsK1 cells. Ectopic overexpression of rpoS restored induction of the rpoS regulon in the ftsK mutant, as did a deletion in the recA gene. Thus, a mutation in the cell division gene, ftsK, uncouples the otherwise coordinated induction of σS-dependent genes and the universal stress response gene, uspA, during entry into stationary phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb10980.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogeny of nematode-trapping fungi based on 18S rDNA sequences (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 158 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) from 15 species of nematode-trapping fungi and closely related non-parasitic species were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that species within the genera of Arthrobotrys, Dactylaria, Dactylella, Monacrosporium and Duddingtonia formed a monophyletic and isolated clade among an unresolved cluster of apothecial ascomycetes. The phylogenetic patterns within this clade were not concordant with the morphology of the conidia nor the conidiophores, but rather with that of the infection structures. The results from the different methods of tree reconstruction supported three lineages; the species having constricting rings, the non-parasitic species and the species having various adhesive structures (nets, hyphae, knobs and non-constricting rings) to infect nematodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12817.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of proteins in the extracellular matrix of the plant pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana using 2-D gel electrophoresis and MS/MS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 197 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method was developed for isolating and sequencing proteins present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of germlings and hyphae of filamentous fungi. Surface proteins of the cereal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana were labelled with a membrane impermeable biotinylating agent and extracted using a glycine–HCl buffer. Extracted proteins were purified by affinity binding to streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads or by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Four of the biotinylated proteins from the ECM of B. sorokiniana were isolated, in gel digested with trypsin and partly sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. No significant sequence similarities to proteins in databases were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10596.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial oxidation of CH4 at high partial pressures in an organic landfill cover soil under different moisture regimes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The uptake and utilization of CH4 at high concentrations (5–18% vol.) and different soil moistures were followed for samples from a landfill cover soil with a high organic matter content. Measurements of the utilization of CH4 and O2, and production of CO2 indicated that the activity of methanotrophic organisms accounted for most of the O2 respiration. At water saturation, CH4 oxidation rates decreased with time, probably because NH+4 accumulated. Denitrification rates, estimated based on both N2 and N2O production, were positively related to soil moisture and only slightly influenced by the extent of CH4 oxidation. Total phospholipid fatty acid concentrations increased, and concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids, typical for obligate methanotrophic bacteria (e.g. 16:1ω8 and 18:1ω8), increased in the CH4-amended samples, indicating growth of both type I and type II methanotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00506.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diastereoisomeric determination of R-alanine in bacteria using capillary gas chromatography and positive/negative ion mass spectrometry (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 428-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possibilities of using combined capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry for highly sensitive and selective determinations of enantiomeric alanines of bacterial origin have been evaluated. The alanines were separated as their diastereoisomeric N-heptafluorobutyryl-2-butyl ester derivatives on a 25 m fused silica capillary column coated with SE-54 as stationary phase. The mass spectra of the derivative obtained by chemical ionization using methane or ammonia (positive ions) and methane or Isobutane (negative ions) as reagent gases have been recorded. The highest sensitivity of detection was achieved by selected ion monitoring in the negative ion mode (detection limit about 0.8 pg). The method was tested by measuring the R-alanine content in (a) Escherichia coli cultures and (b) natural bacterial communities associated with plant roots. In (a) the recorded detection limit implied possibilities to detect R-alanine corresponding to 103-104 E. coli cells. The precision for quantifying R-alanine in the cultures was 14% (coefficient of variation). (b) demonstrated an application where the R/(R + S) ratio of alanine is low. It was shown that accurate determinations of this ratio in the picogram range could be effected down to 0.4%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200110812
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