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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection of tooth pulp afferents to the thalamus of the cat (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 64 (1986), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Nociception ; Thalamocortical projection ; Tooth pulp projection ; Pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrical stimulation of tooth pulp afferents in cats evoked short latency focal potentials in the basal ventromedial nucleus of thalamus (VMB), in the border zone between this nucleus and the arcuate nucleus of the ventrobasal complex (VBA), and in the marginal zone of VBA and the external nucleus of the ventrobasal complex (VBX). No responses were found in the centre of VBA and VBX. Very few responses were found in the intralaminar region. The projection from the tooth pulps was bilateral, but the best responses following stimulation of the ipsi- and the contralateral tooth pulps could be evoked at slightly different locations within VMB. The mean latency of the responses was shorter following stimulation of the contralateral tooth pulp than following stimulation of the ipsilateral one. Electrical stimulation in VMB, VBA, and VBX evoked focal potentials in thalamocortical projection fibres, which were recorded from in the white matter below areas SI and SII after decortication by suction. Conditioning stimulation of the tooth pulps suppressed these responses within 200 ms if the stimulating electrode was placed at the border between VBA and VMB, suggesting that tooth pulp stimulation activates a thalamocortical projection with a postexcitatory inhibition. Finally, lesions were made in the thalamus and their effects were checked on the cortical responses to tooth pulp stimulation. If the lesion included the region of VMB bordering to VBA the cortical responses decreased in amplitude. It is concluded that VMB and the borderzone between VMB and VBA are important relays between the nociceptors of the tooth pulp and the sensory cortex
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238199
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antispastic effects of l-dopa (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 111 (1996), S. 296-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spasticity ; Stretch reflex ; Spinal cord ; l-dopa ; Monoamines ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antispastic effects of the noradrenaline and dopamine precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphelanine (l-dopa) were investigated in 11 subjects in which exaggerated stretch reflexes developed after spinal cord injuries. The effects were evaluated from changes in the electromyographic (EMG) response of the quadriceps muscle during tendon jerks evoked by standardized taps over the patellar tendon, in clonus and in resistance to passive movements of the limb. After administration of l-dopa, EMG responses occurring 30–150 ms after the tendon tap decreased to about 50% of control, and clinical tests revealed a marked decrease in the resistance to muscle stretches and in the degree of clonus. The effects were maximal within about 1 h. The depressive actions of l-dopa are interpreted as being exerted primarily at the spinal level, since they were evoked in paraplegics and tetraplegics. The results support the previous hypothesis that group II muscle afferents contribute to the exaggerated stretch reflex in spastic patients because l-dopa depresses transmission from group II but not from group I muscle afferents. They also indicate the possibility of using l-dopa in the treatment of spastic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227307
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localized responses in the midsuprasylvian gyrus of the cat following stimulation of the central lateral nucleus in thalamus (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intralaminar nuclei ; Unspecific projection ; Thalamocortical projection ; Arousal ; Pain ; Parietal cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evoked responses were mapped in the cerebral cortex following low intensity electrical stimulation in serial penetrations of the medial and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus of the cat. A projection was found from one of the intralaminar nuclei, the central lateral nucleus (CL) to the midsuprasylvian gyrus, mainly areas 5 and 7. The projection is suggested to be direct, since the evoked responses had a short latency initial positivity. The most characteristic type of response consisted of this early positivity followed by two successive negativities. The earlier, so called first negativity followed high frequency stimulation and was recorded in a smaller area of the cortex than the later, so called second negativity. The first negativity is suggested to depend on monosynaptic depolarization and activation of cortical cells. The second negativity failed at frequencies higher than 10 Hz and was strongly depressed by the administration of barbiturates; it is suggested to depend on polysynaptic depolarization and cellular activity. In electrode penetrations of the cortex both negativities reversed at the border between cortical layers II and III, indicating a superficial termination of thalamic afferents in the cortex. The cortical evoked response to CL stimulation was facilitated by light mechanical and low intensity electrical stimulation of the periphery, as well as by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp. The possible significance and function of this projection is discussed in relation to arousal, attention and pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237399
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence of afferents from superior sagittal sinus and tooth pulp on cells in the thalamus of the cat (1995)
    USA/Oxford, UK : American Association for the Study of Headache/Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously shown convergence of craniovascular and tooth pulp afferents in the cervical spinal cord of cats. This study looked for similar convergence in the thalamus. Fifty-four thalamic cells with input from tooth pulp, superior sagittal sinus, or both, were identified. Twenty-nine cells with tooth pulp and superior sagittal sinus input were located in the ventrobasal complex or the intralaminar nuclei. Most of these 29 cells were also excited by cooling the contralateral tooth pulp, and 21 had receptive fields on the contralateral face or forelimb. Twenty cells excited by stimulation of superior sagittal sinus, and not tooth pulp, were found in several nuclei. The 5 cells excited by stimulation of tooth pulp, but not sagittal sinus, were restricted to the ventrobasal complex. The data confirm convergence from sagittal sinus, tooth pulp, and skin in the thalamus of anaesthetized cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.015003191.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Auxin on Young's Modulus in Stems and Roots of Pisum and the Theory of Changing the Modulus in Tissues (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 23 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of auxin on elastic extensibility has been investigated by means of the resonance frequency melhod in Pisum, sativum. The time lag for the decrease in Young's modulus E, caused by IAA, was between 2 and 3 minutes in etiolated stem internodes. The time lag for growth was about 7 minutes. The measurements of E in root segments were only qualitative owing to the structural characteristics; IAA decreases E in roots as it does in stems, but only in the region where IAA is assumed to enhance elongation. The connexion between elastic modulus and growth is discussed with reference to other investigations. The assumption has been made that a decrease in elastic modulus indicates a change in the cell wall which in some way is conducive to growth (induction of elongation). The theoretical possibilities of changing E have been discussed with reference to the formula for water fluxes. Both a change in a cell wall properly and a change in the cytoplasmic permeability are able to cause a change in E in the same way as auxin does. An early action of auxin must be located in the cell-wall-plasmalemma region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1970.tb08898.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of single neurons in the cat midsuprasylvian gyrus (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 79 (1990), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Parietal cortex ; Thalamo-cortical projection ; Tooth pulp ; Nociception ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of cells in the midsuprasylvian gyrus (MSSG) of cats were investigated following electrical stimulation of the central lateral nucleus (CL) of the thalamus and tooth pulp, low-threshold cutaneous or visual afferents. Electrical stimulation in CL induced excitation in many cells located in cortical areas 5 and 7. Cells in these areas also received input from somato-sensory and visual afferents. Cells in MSSG showed a wide convergence from tooth pulp, low-threshold cutaneous afferents and from the CL. The majority of wide convergent cells in area 5 were found in layers IV and V, while cells excited by CL and tooth pulp were found in layers II and III. Similarities were found between CL and tooth pulp evoked responses with regard to the excitation-inhibition pattern. The excitation evoked from CL and tooth pulp was less often followed by a hyperpolarizing potential compared to that seen after low-threshold lip, paw and visual afferent stimulation. Stimulation sites in the lateral parts of CL-evoked responses with the shortest latencies in area 5. In this part of the cortex, short latency synaptic potentials were found in cells in superficial layers. In the same area, synaptic potentials of short latency were also evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp, lip and paw. Light-flash stimulation evoked responses with the shortest latencies in area 7. The results of this study demonstrate that putative nociceptive information reaches the parietal association cortex and that part of this input may be relayed via CL. We suggest that the excitatory influences of nociceptive and CL stimulation is related to behavioral arousal and attention mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229321
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projection from the thalamic intralaminar nuclei on the isocortex of the rat: a surface potential study (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intralaminar nuclei ; Cortical projection ; Arousal ; Pain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cortical surface potentials evoked from thalamic intralaminar nuclei have been studied in rats anaesthetized with chloralose. Stimulation with low current intensity in central lateral nucleus (CL), evoked potentials in large areas of the rat isocortex. In the posterior parietal cortex responses with a short latency negativity were evoked which followed high frequency repetitive stimulation. Its latency and ability to follow high frequency stimulation indicated a monosynaptic connection from CL to this part of the cortex. The short latency potential was followed by a second negativity with longer latency and varying amplitude. This second negativity did not follow repetitive stimulation exceeding 10 Hz, and was also reduced by supplementary doses of anaesthetics, indicating a polysynaptic origin. Stimulation at different CL sites elicited cortical potentials with short latency in a topographical pattern. Laminar analysis in the parietal and motor cortex suggested both a superficial and a deep layer termination of afferents from CL. Similar topografical relations and afferent layer distributions have previously been found in cats. The role of the thalamocortical projection from CL to parietal cortex in arousal, attention and pain mechanisms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249905
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