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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminescence studies of localized gap states in colloidal ZnS nanocrystals (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 2841-2845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation of Zn2+ with sulfur ions in aqueous solution. The ultraviolet-excited samples reveal detailed structure in the luminescence spectra. A doublet pattern observed in the long wavelength region is attributed to the coexistence of the two crystalline forms in ZnS particles. The visible luminescent radiation at 590.1 nm is due to Mn impurities. The dominant emission band at short wavelengths exhibits a quadruple fine structure with peaks located at 416.1, 423.9, 430.1, and 437.8 nm which are identified with optical transitions arising from vacancy and interstitial sites for both Zn and S atoms. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368425
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Factors and Prevention of Early Infection After Implantation or Revision of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts (Results of a Randomized Study) (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1708-1713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: LIVER CIRRHOSIS ; TIPS ; INFECTION ; PREVENTION ; PORTASYSTEMIC SHUNT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate theefficacy of a single dose of a second-generationcephalosporine to prevent postinterventional infectionand to identify risk factors for postinterventionalinfection in patients receiving implantation or revisionof a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS). Eighty-four patients (105 transjugularinterventions) were randomized receiving no antibiotictreatment (46 interventions) or 2 g cefotiam (56interventions) given at the beginning of the procedure.Patients with overt infection or those receivingantibiotic treatment in the preceding two weeks wereexcluded. Groups were comparable with respect tobiographic and medical data. Postinterventionalinfection was defined as an increase in WBC count(≥15,000/μl), fever (38.5°C), or a positiveblood culture. Infection occurred in 17% of the patients. Patients notreceiving cefotiam had a slightly higher incidence ofinfection (20%) than patients treated with cefotiam(14%, NS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated prognostic relevance for multiple stenting andperiprocedural use of a central venous line. Theclinical outcome of the patients was unaffected bycefotiam treatment. In conclusion, a single dose ofintrainterventional cefotiam does not prevent postinterventionalinfection. This may be due to the antimicrobial spectrumand short half-time of cefotiam. Strict adherence toaseptic conditions during intervention and early removal of central venous lines may reduce therate of post interventional infection considerably.Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotiam does not seem to beuseful since it will not influence outcome andcosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018819316633
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapy of small breast cancer - four-year results of a prospective non-randomized study (1995)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 34 (1995), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In the early 1980s breast preservation was a rarely applied therapeutic modality in the primary treatment of breast cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany. Reports coming from retrospective studies as well as preliminary results from randomized trials made it desirable to introduce breast preservation in the form of a controlled clinical trial. Study design: In stage pT1 N0 M0 breast cancer, mastectomy as the standard treatment was to be compared with radiotherapy of the remaining breast tissue. The study design originally planned as a randomized trial had to be changed into a prospective observation study due to the low randomization rate. Univariate analysis of prognostic variables was the first step to a valid treatment comparison. Those factors determined as being significant were included together with the treatment effects in a multivariate analysis. A high therapeutic standard was guaranteed by quality control. Results: 1036 out of 1119 recruited patients are evaluable. After a median follow-up of 48 months the following preliminary results can be reported. With the exception of death without recurrence from breast cancer, the 143 events are evenly distributed among the two treatment groups. Locoregional recurrence of the whole patient population was 5%. Out of all prognostic factors examined only tumor size and grading are significant in regard to recurrent disease. Recurrence-free survival decreased in cases with ‘uncertain’ tumor margins, whereas the width of the margin had no influence on recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the two treatment groups. Conclusions: The four-year results of this study are in accordance with those of other breast preservation trials: There is no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the occurrence of locoregional failure. Incomplete tumorectomy has a negative influence on recurrence. Quality of life seems more dependent on the acceptance of the therapy by the patient than on the therapeutic modality itself. Breast preservation can also be performed appropriately in smaller institutions if the therapeutic standard is guaranteed by quality control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666486
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life assessment in a cross-cultural context: Use of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist in a multinational randomised trial comparing CMF and Zoladex (Goserlin) treatment in early breast cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 745-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cross cultural comparison ; early breast cancer ; quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate quality of life (QoL) in the context of a multinational trial. The questions addressed are: is the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) 1) feasible and 2) reliable in cross cultural reearch, 3) is earlier validation confirmed in a multinational trial and 4) are there systematic differences in QoL accross cultures? Patients and methods: Patients with histologically confirmed stage II, node positive breast cancer, were randomised in a multinational trial (the ‘ZEBRA-study’) comparing standard chemotherapy (CMF) or temporary ovarian ablation by treatment with a LHRH analogue (Zoladex, Goserlin). Patients originating from 13 countries completed a QoL questionnaire at baseline and three months after the start of treatment. Results: 1) The questionnaire was completed by 689 patients at the first and 544 at the second measurement (response 78% and 68% respectively). The proportion of missing data was 〈2.5% for 87.8% and 92.7% of the items at the respective time points. 2) Reliabilities of the physical and psychological distress scale were ranging from 0.68 to 0.90 across cultures. Reliability of the activity scale ranged from 0.42 to 0.89. 3) The structure at baseline was in agreement with the two factor structure proposed earlier. 4) Cross-cultural comparison indicated a systematic difference in QoL across cultures (P = 0.0028–〈0.0001) as well as a difference in change across cul-tures. Conclusions: QoL assessment using the RSCL proved feasible in the context of multinational clinical trials. Psychometric qualities were satisfactory. Systematic differences in QoL were found between cultures. This finding implies that in multinational clinical trials, treatment comparisons with respect to QoL should carefully account for a differential impact of cultures on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008282806910
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